APPENDIX G.

MISCELLANEOUS ROUTINE.

Monthly Routine.—On first Sunday in month, read Articles of War. On first week-day in month, officers of divisions inspect clothing, see them properly marked with name of the owner, and make out list of clothes.

On first week-day in month, at evening quarters, each man will muster with his hammock, and officers of divisions will inspect the bedding.

On the twelfth of the month, serve out small stores and make out requisitions

for clothing.

On the fifteenth of the month, issue clothing. If these days fall on Sunday, issue the following day.

On the first day in month, the midshipmen will send to the Captain for inspection their journals, watch, and station bills.

On first Thursday in month, scrub hammocks.

On second Thursday in month, wash blankets.

At a suitable time during the quarter, overhaul cables and shot lockers.
Half-Monthly Routine.-First and third Tuesdays, air bedding.
Second and fourth Tuesdays, scrub mattress covers.

Second and fourth Wednesdays, scrub windsails, etc.

First and third Fridays, scrape masts.

Second and fourth Saturdays, overhaul and mark clothing.

Daily Routine-In Port.-Early daylight. Reveille: Call warrant officers and mates of decks ten minutes before. Call all hands, allowing twelve minutes to clear decks of hammocks, lay up rigging and sweep clean, pump ship out, wipe off paint-work, clean boats, clean ship outside, wash down, clean copper, place wash-deck gear to dry and square yards.

7:30 A.M. Inspect servants and boys.

7:45 A.M. Mate of berth-deck reports deck ready for breakfast.

7:50 A.M. Spread mess-tables.

8:00 A.M. Colors, breakfast, light smoking lamp, crew dress for the day, report chronometers wound.

8:45 A.M. All hands, out smoking lamp, clean gun bright-work, quarter gunners spread tarpaulins and get out cleaning rags, sick call.

9:00 A.M. Down wash-deck gear if dry, down all ditty boxes and clothes bags. 9:15 A.M. Knock off bright-work, clear up decks for quarters, sweep clean. 9:30 A.M. Quarters for inspection; drill as per routine.

11.30 A.M. Flemish down rigging aft if deck is dry, clean sweep down, ship's cook bring dinner to the mast.

11:45 A.M. Mate of berth-deck reports deck ready for dinner.

11:50 A.M. Spread mess-tables.

Noon. Dinner, light smoking lamp.

1:00 P.M. Turn to, out smoking lamp, sweep clean.

2:00 P.M. Serve out provisions.

4:30 P.M. Lay up rigging, sweep down.

4:45 P.M. Mate of berth-deck reports deck ready for supper.

4:50 P.M. Spread mess-tables.

5:00 P.M. Supper, light smoking lamp, shift in blue, get out dirty clothes if the routine is to wash clothes next day.

5:30 P.M. All hands, out smoking lamp, sweep down.

Ten minutes before sunset.

Get clothes line ready for tricing up.

Sunset. Colors, up boats, up wash-deck gear, trice up clothes line when colors come down, evening quarters.

After Quarters. Pipe down hammocks, after hammocks light smoking lamp. 9:00 P.M. Tattoo, sound call at 8:50 P.M., pipe down, crew turn in and keep silence, set anchor watch.

MONDAY.-Scrub clothes, scrub decks, ladders, etc., with sand.
TUESDAY.-Scrub decks without sand.

WEDNESDAY.-Scrub clothes and holystone decks.

THURSDAY.-Scrub spar-deck without sand, ladders, gratings, boats' oars and masts with sand.

FRIDAY.-Scrub clothes, scrub boat awnings, mess cloths, etc., scrub decks with sand.

SATURDAY.-Holystone decks, ladders, and gratings, and scrub bright woodwork with sand and canvas.

SUNDAY.-Scrub decks without sand, and prepare for inspection.
MONDAYS.-Examine and sign yeoman's weekly accounts.

FRIDAYS.-Clean out galley funnel.

At Sea.-5:00 A.M. Call idlers, lay up rigging and sweep clean, scrub clothes except on Sunday, execute morning orders, place wash-deck gear to dry, see all snug aloft, etc.

7:00 A.M. Call all hands, allowing ten minutes to clear decks of hammocks, serve out tea water, up ashes, if steaming.

7:15 A м. Master-at-arms inspects servants and boys, mate of berth-deck reports deck ready for breakfast.

7:20 A.M. Spread mess-tables.

7:30 A.м. Breakfast, light smoking lamp, crew dress for the day.

8:00 A.M. Relieve watch, wheel and look-out, report chronometers wound. 8:30 A M. "Turn hands to," clean gun bright-work, out smoking lamp.

9:00 A.M. Sick call, put away all pea-jackets, ditty and clothes bags, down wash-deck gear, if dry; clear decks for quarters.

9:30 A.M. Quarters for inspection, drill as per routine, after drill watch below to have their bags.

11:00 A.M. Up ashes, if steaming.

11:30 A.M. Call Navigator, lay up rigging, sweep decks, clean out spit-boxes, ship's cook bring dinner to the mast.

11:50 A.M. Spread mess-tables.

12:00 м. Report latitude to commanding officer, dinner, light smoking lamp. 12:30 P.M. Relieve watch.

1:00 P.M.

"Turn hands to," out smoking lamp, sweep decks, pipe down wash clothes, if dry; otherwise at 3:30 p.m.

1:30 P.M. Sound call for provisions.

3:00 P.M. Up ashes, if steaming.

3:30 P.M. Lay up rigging, sweep down, etc., serve out tea water. 3:50 P.M. Spread mess-tables.

4:00 P.M. Supper, light smoking lamp, shift in blue.

5:00 P.M.

"Turn hands to," out smoking lamp, coxswains report breakers of water in boats.

Sunset. Evening quarters.

Immediately after sunset. Serve out pea-jackets.

Fifteen minutes after sunset. Pipe down hammocks, light running lights, light smoking lamp, up wash-deck gear and clothes lines.

8:00 P.M. Call the watch, out smoking lamp, muster the watch, see life-buoys in order and life-boats ready for lowering.

Night look-outs to be stationed at dusk, and called down at daylight. A man on the fore-topsail yard when look-outs are not stationed. A man always to be stationed at life-buoy, night and day. When square-sails are set, men always at the halliards. Muster watch and life-boat crews at eight bells.

The above routine is given subject to the approval of the commanding officer. The times will have to be modified to suit the season of the year, and the station to which a vessel is attached.

Preparing Ship for Sea. Gun divisions are sent to quarters and the battery secured for sea.

The officer of the forecastle will see to the following: Lower booms rigged

in and secured: riding chain brought to, if in a single-deck ship, cat and fish fall rove; tacks and sheets hooked; studding-sails bent and gear rove; covers off head sails, chafing gear put on.

The officers of the gangways will see to the following: Riding chain brought to the capstan, if a single-deck ship; that carpenters unship accommodation ladder; studding-sails bent and gear rove, chafing gear put on, covers off trysail, tacks and sheets hooked.

The officer of the quarter-deck will see to the lowering apparatus on lifeboats, all davits rigged in and boats secured for sea, chafing gear put on, etc. Coxswains of boats and two boat-keepers will suffice for securing boats.

In addition to these preparations made just before getting underway, the following duties are to receive attention in good season before putting to sea;

The navigation officer should see that the compasses, timepieces, sandglasses, and log, have been verified, and that they and the chronometer are kept in their proper places and have a free motion. That the chronometers are well regulated, the rate known before sailing, and are regularly attended to. That everything belonging to the cables, such as the stoppers, hook-ropes, compressor-tackles and blocks, are ready for use. That the shackle-pins for the chains are kept well white-leaded, in order that the chains may be easily unshackled. That the vessel's draught of water be taken immediately before getting under way, and that hand leads and lines, properly marked and fitted, are placed in the channels abreast the mainmast. That the deep-sea lead and line are properly fitted, the latter being on a reel or in a tub; and, if a patent apparatus, that it is thoroughly understood and in good working order. He should see the tiller-ropes properly attended to and examined in port and at sea to detect chafes. If they are of raw hide, they should be occasionally oiled.

The boatswain should see that the masts are upright, well stayed and greased, head booms well supported, yards square, lifts marked, heels of booms square and toggled ends, equally rigged out, gaskets passed square and at equal distances, ropes clear for running on deck and flemished down in the tops. The ends of all running rigging neatly hitched or pointed, square and "sharp up" marks on all braces. New topsail halliards well stretched and re-rove that they may not become cable-laid when making sail.* He should see that the hawsers and towropes are so stowed that their ends may be passed up from the reels at any moment. Preventer braces, hammock girtlines and clothes lines in order, stern ladders in place and fitted with life lines. That ropes likely to unreeve in a squall, such as the main and jib-sheets, have an overhaul knot in the end.

Besides the square mark on the braces, it is well to have a mark on the jib and spanker sheets, as they are frequently trimmed too flat.

He should see that the laniards of the rigging are good, that the dead-eyes and ends of the shrouds are square. That the purchases, winding and rolling tackles, preventer-shrouds, storm-sails and gear, including relieving tackles, are fitted and at hand. That the running rigging all leads fair, and that mats, raw hide, scotchmen, and timenoguys, are placed about the rigging and yards, wherever they may prevent chafes and fouling. He should see that the ratlines of the lower and topmast rigging are trustworthy and square, and that defective ones are instantly replaced by new, so that the men may go aloft with confidence. That each top is supplied with a top-maul, secured by a laniard; and a small top-chest to contain marlinspikes, stoppers and jiggers. That stoppers are prepared and ready to be applied to the braces, sheets, halliards, etc., wherever they are belayed; and that the captains of the forecastle, masts, and tops, have always at hand jiggers to be applied to any rope when necessary. That chain slings for the yards and gaffs are properly fitted, and at hand for instant use.

The gunner should see that the whole apparatus for securing and working the guns is complete, handspikes, port laniards, muzzle bags and lashings, priming

The lower block of the topsail halliards should have a swivel hook for clearing when cable-laid.

wires, boring bits, rammers, sponges, side and in-tackles, and port bucklers, and that the breechings are good and well fitted. That the fire buckets are fitted with laniards and kept in their proper places. When powder is on board, he should see that there are a certain number of cartridges filled, not only of full but of reduced charges. That the shot are properly stowed as well as all the torpedo fittings and torpedoes.

That the arrangements for flooding the magazine are complete and in working order. That the armory and shell room are dry and properly stowed, shell whips fitted and in place, chutes, etc., made in accordance with Ordnance instructions, and proper care taken of the small arms.

In addition to the ordnance stores, the gunner has special charge of the anchor buoys and life buoys, to see that they are in good order, and the latter ready for use at all times. He examines and primes the life buoys every evening, and reports their readiness to the officer of the deck.

The sailmaker should see that the sails bent are properly brought to the yards and gaffs; that every roband is well secured, and that the head and reefearings are good, and all arrangements for reefing in thorough order. That the spare sails, properly fitted with robands, bowline bridles, head and reef-earings, buntline toggles and reef cringles are made up, tallied and stowed conveniently in the sail-room; that each studding-sail has its appropriate cover, and that all sail covers, boats' sails, wind-sails, awnings, hatch-covers, hammock cloths, etc., are on board.

The carpenter should see, previous to sailing, that the rudder is well hung and free in its movements, and that pieces to make a spare one are on board, and at hand in the hold. That the capstan and its fittings, bars, swifters, etc., are in good working order, and spare spars properly cared for. He should see that the spare tiller fits, and is at hand ready for use; that the relieving tackles are in their places; that the air ports and lower deck ports are well lined and secured in, or that the apparatus for closing them is always within reach, and ready for immediate use; that the bilge and force pumps are in good order. He himself, or one of his assistants, ascertains at least every hour, while at sea, and every morning and evening in port, the quantity of water in the vessel. He should see that all the pump gear and the sounding rod are always kept in their proper places; that the lightning conductors are in good order; shot plugs ready for use; that the tarpaulin covers for the hatches are in a good state, and he should be always ready with gratings and battens for the hatches. He should see that there is an axe at each mast ready for use in cutting away spars or rigging. Before leaving port and upon entering it, the carpenter is always to take the ship's draft.

The executive officer, in addition to his general supervision over all preparations, should see that equipment, construction, and other stores and water are on board in accordance with the requisitions made and approved, and that they are properly stowed where they belong, that they are entered on the log and books of the yeoman or others in charge of them, and that the expenditure of articles in the general store-room is properly accounted for; that the general store-room is properly regulated, so that any article required may be instantly obtained.

After the boats are in, he should see that they are properly stowed, and that they, the galley, spare spars, anchors, and everything that may be affected by the rolling and pitching of the vessel, are well secured. That there are stretchers in all the boats, and that one of the quarter or stern boats is always kept in readiness to be lowered at short notice. That the plugs of the boats are secured near the plug hole by a good laniard, and a line from well forward in the forechains secured to the ring-bolt in the bows. That at least one of the outside boats is fitted with a lowering apparatus, and that each one has a breaker of water and their gripes fitted with slips. That the fittings of all boats are thorough for any service.

He should see that the watch, quarter, and station bills are properly made out, and that before sailing each person on board is made acquainted with his proper

station and duties, for action and for evolutions, and with his berth and mess and that the ship herself is in all respects prepared for battle.

APPENDIX H.

TARRING DOWN, SCRAPING SPARS, PAINTING SHIP, &c.

Black down, and as soon as the blacking is dry, scrape and grease spars, and paint ship, in the order named. If intending to coal ship, do that first of all.

It is customary in some ships first to scrape masts, then tar down the rigging, and lastly paint; but the men are liable to daub the masts when tarring down.

To prevent spotting the deck. Wet down and sprinkle liberally with sand. This prevents the grease or tar from striking in, and is better than keeping a couple of inches of water on deck by closing the scuppers, as the oily matter in that case floats to the water-ways and soils the paint work there.

Mixture for blacking down. By measure, two parts Stockholm tar, one part coal tar, one part tar oil. This is for rigging which has been neglected for some time. To give a light coat, thin the above with additional tar oil, to suit.

Scraping and greasing spars. When the blacking of the rigging is dry, the masts ought to be scraped and cleaned, then greased. For the men to stand upon when scraping the lower masts, rig triangles of capstan bars, with whips to the mastheads; for hoisting and lowering, with the topmasts, handspikes answer instead of capstan bars, and the royal and top-gallant masts may be managed from a bowline in the end of a girtline, or a span from shroud to shroud.

The top-gallant and royal yardarms should not be neglected. The studdingsail booms, except when new, ought to have the least possible shaving taken off them by a carpenter, and then varnished. This does not injure them more than scraping, and keeps them smoother.

Before laying on the grease, the captains of the tops should report that everything is scraped and ready, and the boatswain should examine.

sails.

Studding-sail booms should never be greased, as they are liable to soil the

Painting Ship.* White lead is the principal ingredient in all ordinary colors used in painting; the quality is therefore of the greatest importance. The cheap kinds are adulterated by "byrates," which cause them to be more easily acted upon by the atmosphere. In mixing, the oil and turpentine should be thoroughly incorporated with the white lead. If adulterated, the white lead will have poor body when mixed.

ZINC WHITE is more d rable than white lead; it is pure, but possesses little body.

VEGETABLE BLACK is the cheapest and best black for all ordinary work. In a dry state it resembles soot, and being free from grit does not require grinding. It should be mixed with boiled oil.

LAMPBLACK is allowed in the service for ordinary ship's use.

VERMILION in a state of powder may be tested by placing the dust of it on a piece of clean white paper and crushing it with the thumb nail. If pure it will not change color by any amount of rubbing, but if adulterated it will become a deep chrome yellow or assume the appearance of red lead, with which article it is mixed in order to cheapen it.

BLUE.-The most serviceable blue for the painter is French ultramarine. It may be deepened by Prussian blue or indigo, or by a trifling addition of vegetable black.

Mixing Colors. CREAM COLOR. Chrome yellow, the best Venetian red and white lead.

* Bedford. For additional recipes, &c., see Qualtrough's "Sailor's Handy Book."