No, nor never shall do, she being gone.
I pray you, of your gentleness,

He being as he is, to let me be.

RULE XIX.

Explain the meaning of Nouns in Apposition, and show how Rule XIX. is illustrated by the following:Open wide your gates,

And let young Arthur, Duke of Bretagne, in.
King John, your king and England's, doth approach,
Commander of this hot, malicious day.

If that surly spirit, Melancholy,

Had baked thy blood and made it heavy thick,
Which else runs tickling up and down the veins,
Making that idiot, Laughter, keep men's eyes
And strain their cheeks to idle merriment,
A passion hateful to my purposes.

RULES XX.XXV.

Show how these Rules are illustrated by the following:

Sweet lady, never since I first drew breath
Have I beheld a lily like yourself:

But listen to me, and by me be ruled,
And I will do the thing I have not done;
For you shall share my earldom with me, girl,
And we will live like two birds in one nest:
And I will fetch you forage from all fields,
For I compel all creatures to my will.

The brave Geraint, a knight of Arthur's court,

A tributary Prince of Devon, one

Of that great Order of the Table Round,

Had wedded Enid, Yniol's only child.

§ ÍI.—THE VERB.

Rule XXVI.-The Verb agrees with its Subject (a Noun in the Nominative Case) in number and person : The king reigns. They have submitted.

I reign.

We are governed.

Rule XXVII.-If two Nouns united by and form the subject, the Verb is in the Plural Number :The Prime Minister and Parliament govern.

The queen and the prince have arrived.

Obs. 1.-This is a form of expressing two propositions contracted for brevity into one. The first example contains within it the two propositions, "The Prime Minister governs and Parliament governs combined in one. In the second the two propositions, "The queen has arrived and the prince has arrived," are contracted into one.

Obs. 2.-When two Nouns are connected by or the regular rule holds good, as the two Nouns do not coalesce so as to form common idea. Ex. The Prime Minister or Parliament governs. The queen or the prince has arrived.

a

Obs. 3.-If a negative be inserted after and, the Verb is in the Singular Number. Ex. Parliament, and not the king, governs the country.

Rule XXVIII.-If a Collective Noun form the Subject, the Verb is in the Singular or in the Plural Number according as the assertion made by it refers to the collective whole, or to the individuals which compose the whole :—

The people wish.

The House of Commons has resolved.

The cattle feed. The flock feeds.

Rule XXIX. If two Nouns or Pronouns differing in person and united by or constitute the Subject, the form of the Verb must be such as to agree with either of them :—

He or I may be victorious.

You or he will win.
I or he did it.

Explanation. The above sentences are allowable, because the form of the Verb is such as to agree with either of the Pronouns. For example, we say, "He may be victorious," and "I may be victorious." "He will win," and "You will win." "I did it," and "He did it."

Obs. Sentences in which this rule is not observed are inelegant and incorrect, though of too frequent occurrence.

Rule XXX. The Indicative Mood is used (1) in sentences which affirm or question directly; (2) in clauses of sentences which affirm conditionally; (3) in clauses of sentences which affirm subjunctively :The king reigns. Does the king reign?

If the king reigns.

It is true that the king reigns.

Rule XXXI.-The Contingent Mood is used (1) in sentences which affirm or question with a Permissive, Potential, Compulsory, or Future Contingent force, and in Optative sentences; (2) in clauses which affirm conditionally; (3) in clauses which affirm subjunctively: He may or might reign. May he reign

He can or could reign. He must reign
He would or should reign.

If he reign. I fear lest he reign.

Rule XXXII.—In Conditional Clauses the Indicative is used by preference where the speaker believes the case to be as he conditionally affirms ; the Contingent when he is in doubt :

If the king reigns (which he does).

:

If the king reign (about which I know nothing,. Obs.-The Indicative is mostly used colloquially, the Contingent in poetry.

Rule XXXIII.--In Subjoined Clauses the Indicative is used by preference where a fact is stated, the Contingent where a doubt is allowed :

It is true that the king reigns (I state it as a fact). I fear lest he reign (which he may or may not do). Obs.-The Indicative is more commonly used in Subjoined Clauses than the Contingent Mood.

Rule XXXIV.-The Imperfect Tense, Contingent Mood, is only used in Conditional and Subjoined Clauses :

If I were reigning.

Were I reigning (that is, if I were).

That I were reigning.

Rule XXXV.-The Imperfect Tense, Indicative Mood, is not used in Conditional Clauses :

If I were reigning (necessarily).

That I was or were reigning (according to signification
intended).

Rule XXXVI.-In poetry the form were is frequently used for would be or should be, and the form

had for would have or should have. The same usage is less commonly found in prose :—

It were (would le) better to die.

I were (should be) better dead.

He had (would have) slain him, if he had dared
We had (should have) otherwise lived in peace.

Rule XXXVII.-The Mood and Tense in the Conditional Clauses must be followed by a corresponding Mood and Tense in the Principal Clause, according to the purpose of the speaker :

:

If I am there I will do it.

If I be there

If I were there I would do it.

If I had been there I would have done it.

Obs. The above models will show that it is usual for the Present in the Conditional Clause to be followed by the Future in the Principal Clause for the Past in the Conditional Clause to be followed by the auxiliaries would or should in the Principal Clause: for the Pluperfect in the Conditional Clause to be followed by the Auxiliaries would have or should have in the Principal Clause. It is not usual to employ the Future Indicative in the Conditional Clause. The Imperfect Indicative and Imperative are never so employed.

But it is not possible to lay down such strict rules of sequence for the English language as for most other languages, on account of the greater laxity which it admits. Every tense of the Indicative and of the Contingent Mood in both voices may be used in the Conditional Clause, with the exception of the Imperfect Tense, Indicative Mood; and every Tense of the Indicative, Contingent, and Imperative Moods in both voices may be used in the Principal Clause, with the exception of the Imperfect Tense, Contingent Mood.

Rule XXXVIII.-The Mood and Tense in the Principal Clause must be followed by a corresponding Mood and Tense in the Subjoined Clause, according to the purpose of the speaker :

I know that it is so.

I knew that {

---

it was so.

would be so.

Obs.-Any Tense of the Indicative and Contingent Moods may be used in the Subjoined Clause in sequence to any Tense in the Principal Clause. The above are intended only for models of the most common sequence.

Rule XXXIX.-The Imperative Mood is found only in the Principal Clause of the sentence, not in the Conditional or in the Subjoined Clause :

If so, let him be rewarded.

Doubt not that you will succeed.

Rule XL.-The Infinitive Mood, belonging to the Verb Infinite, has neither Number nor Person, but is generally attached to a Finite Verb:—

I wish to see him.

He began to go away.

Rule XLI.-The Infinitive Mood is very frequently used to express a Subjoined Clause:

What would you give to know it (that you might know it)?
He left home to travel on the Continent (that he might travel).
I rejoice to have returned (that I have returned).

Rule XLII.-The Infinitive Mood often takes the place of a Noun as the Subject, as the Complement, and (less frequently) as the Object in a sentence, sometimes in apposition with this or that (thing) or it :— To live is a thing desired by all. To be happy is to live without pain.

Fortune allots to one man to be rich, to another to be poor.
To be conquered-that is the fate of the weak.

Rule XLIII.-The Participle often takes the place