Obs. Its must not be written with an apostrophe, as though it were a Possessive case of it,

EXERCISE.

Parse the Pronouns and the Pronominal Adjectives in the following, carefully distinguishing them from each other :

Show me this piece.
I pray you let us go in.

My father's age.

Let him have a table by himself.
I know not which is which.

These wants of mine are crowned.

He forfeits his own blood that sheds another's.

II.-ADJECTIVES OF QUANTITY.

1. Adjectives of Quantity modify or distinguish a Noun by attributing to it some quantity. Ex. Much rain fell. Here the rain which fell on the occasion spoken of is distinguished by its quantity as being much rain. Seven men. The men are distinguished

as seven.

2. Quantity may be, as it is called, (1) continuous, (2) discrete. Continuous, derived from the Latin word continuo, means "belonging to the same piece or mass. Discrete, derived from the Latin word discerno, whence discretum, means "broken up into parts," and so capable of being numbered.

3. (1) Adjectives expressive of continuous Quantity are much, little, great, small, all, some, whole, no, total. (2) Adjectives expressive of discrete Quantity are called Numerals.

4. Numerals are-(a) Definite, (b) Indefinite, (c)

Distributive.

Definite Numerals are called (a) Cardinals. Ex. One, two, three. (b) Ordinals. Ex. First, second, third. (c) Multiples. Ex. Double, treble, quadruple, twenty-fold, a hundred-fold.

Indefinite Numerals. Ex. Most, many.
Distributive Numerals.

Ex. Every, each.

Obs. The name Cardinals is derived from the Latin word cardo (whence cardinalis), meaning a hinge, the cardinals being fancifully regarded as the principal numerals on which the others hinge. The name Ordinals is derived from the Latin word ordo, meaning series, because they express the position in which things stand in a series or row.

6. Another, the other, both, must be classed as Definite Numerals, because, though they are indefinite as to the persons or things designated, they are definite as to the number of them.

Last must be reckoned as an Ordinal. A dozen is a Noun which has come to be used as an Adjective.

Obs. 1.-The Multiples in the first list are seldom used beyond quadruple. Their names are derived from the Latin names of the numbers. Thus Centuple is derived from centum, "a hundred," and plico, "to fold ;" Decuple from decem, "ten," and plico, to fold." Those in the second list are as extensive as the Cardinals, being formed from them by the addition of fold.

Obs. 2.-Each other and one another are severally compounded of the Distributive Numeral Adjective each in the Nominative Case, and the Numeral Adjective the other, or another, in the Objective or Possessive Case. "The two brothers love each other" is a shortened form of "The two brothers love-each brother loves the other brother." 'They value each other's love" is a shortened form of "They value-each values the other's love." "Those Christians love one another" is a form of expressing "Those Christians love-one Christian loves another Christian, throughout their company, till none are left that are not loving and loved."

7. The Cardinal Numerals admit the plural form in such phrases as "By twos, by tens, by hundreds."

EXERCISE.

Parse the Adjectives of Quantity and the Pronominal Adjectives in the following:

Put not another sin upon my head.

Give me that mattock. Where be these enemies?
He has no children. All my pretty ones
At one fell swoop. Our last king.
That palter with us in a double sense.
Before we reckon with your several loves.
So thanks to all at once and to each one.

III.-ADJECTIVES OF QUALITY.

1. Adjectives of Quality modify or distinguish a Noun by attributing to it some quality. Ex. Black

men.

Here the men spoken of are distinguished from other men as possessing the quality of blackness of skin.

A brave man. The man is distinguished from other men by having the quality of courage attributed to him.

2. Almost all the Adjectives belong to this class, including those derived from Proper Nouns.

3. Nouns, Participles, and Adverbs are sometimes used in place of Adjectives. Ex. That goose face, the flying deer, the married man, to the very echo.

EXERCISE.

Parse the Adjectives in the following, carefully distinguishing the Pronominal Adjectives, the Adjectives of Quantity, and the Adjectives of Quality; and where Adjectives of Quality are used, state what is the quality attributed by the Adjective to the Nouns :And then it started like a guilty thing Upon a fearful summons.

The rugged Pyrrhus, he whose sable arms,
Black as his purpose, did the night resemble.

Use every man after his desert.

A speech of some dozen or sixteen lines.
Oh, heavy burden! For to the noble mind
Rich gifts wax poor when givers prove unkind.

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.

1. Adjectives of Quality (and a few Adjectives of Continuous Quantity), while they have no Inflections to denote Number, Gender, Case, or Person, admit of Inflections or change of form to denote Degree of Comparison.

2. There are three Degrees of Comparison: the Positive, denoting the existence of the quality; the Comparative, denoting the existence of more or less of the quality in relation to something else; the Superlative, denoting the existence of the greatest amount of the quality either absolutely or relatively to some other things.

3. The Comparative is formed from the Positive:(1) By adding er to it. Ex. Great, greater. (2) By adding er to it, and cutting off the last e of the Positive, if the Positive end in that letter. Ex. Brave, braver.

(3) By adding er to it, and doubling the last letter of the Positive, should the sound require it. Ex. Glad, gladder.

(4) By changing y in the Positive into ier. Ex. Happy, happier.

(5) By prefixing more to it. This is the usage with words of three or more syllables, and with many words of two syllables, and is permissible even in words of one syllable. Ex. Excellent, more excellent.

It is also formed

(6) By employing a different word, derived from a distinct root. Ex. Good, better.