of Kansas; Harris, of Tennessee; Heitfeld, Jones, of Arkansas; Jones, of Nevada; Kyle, Martin, Mason, Mills, Morgan, Penrose, Pettigrew, Pettus, Quay, Rawlins, Roach, Shoup, Stewart and White. Total, 26. There were twenty-one Senators absent at the time the vote was taken, including the successor to John H. Mitchell, of Oregon, and the successor to Wilkinson Call, of Florida, who had not yet been elected.

FOREIGN MISCELLANY.

GREECE-TURKEY WAR.

The Cretan troubles resulted in an open rupture between Turkey and Greece. A few days after the insurgent Christians at Halepa (on February 7, 1897) proclaimed the union of Crete and Greece, a Greek fleet of torpedo boats, under command of Prince George, sailed for Crete, and the Greek Government formulated a note to the Powers, which set forth that it could no longer remain a passive spectator of the progress of events in Crete, and that the ties of race and religion compelled Greece to intervene in behalf of the outraged Christians in that island. This was followed on February 14 by sending to Crete an "army of occupation," under Colonel Vassos, with instructions to protect the Christian families in Crete and restore order. In response to a protest from the Turkish Government against the action of Greece, under threat of retaliation on the Thessalian border, the Powers immediately determined to restrain further hostile action on the part of Greece in Crete. Turkey then assembled an army of about 150,000 along the extended Macedonian frontier and for several miles on the Greek side of the boundary agreed to by the Powers in the treaty of 1878. The Greek army, to the extent of 80,000, was concentrated chiefly between Larissa and Trikhala. This attitude of both Turkey and Greece was so threatening that on April 6 the foreign Powers served notice on the Greek Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Sublime Porte of Turkey that in case of armed conflict on the Greco-Turkish frontier all responsibility would rest with the aggressors, and that whatever results might arise from such a conflict, the Powers were firmly resolved to maintain the general peace and would not allow the aggressor, in any event, to reap the slightest benefit from his action.

April 8.-Greek troops crossed the frontier into Turkey, between Metsovo and Diskata, and opened fire upon the Turks. Skirmishes continued day after day until, on April 17, the Council of Ministers of Turkey issued a declaration of war, recalled the Turkish Minister in Greece and gave passports to the Greek Minister at Constantinople.

April 18.-Delyannis, Premier of Greece, declared the acceptance of Turkey's challenge and was sustained by the Legislative Assembly. Battle of Milouna Pass and destruction of Turkish fort at Prevesa. * April 20.-Greeks capture and burn

Damasi.

April 23.-Osman Pacha takes command of the Turkish army in the field, and the Sublime Porte calls out the 50,000 reserves. Saad Eddin Pacha sent to command the Turkish forces in Epirus. Powers give ad

hesion to the note of the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Count_Muravieff, assuring the Greeks and Turks of their friendly intervention so soon as it should be asked by either side.

a

April 24.-Desperate battle at Mati, town near the southern end of Milouna Pass, at which the Greeks met with a disastrous defeat and were forced to abandon Tyrnavo and Larissa and fall back to Pharsalos, twenty-four miles south.

April 29.-The Delyannis Ministry of Greece resigned upon command of King George, and M. Ralli, the leader of the Opposition, formed a new Cabinet.

May 6.-The Turks capture Pharsalos, the Greeks losing about a thousand killed and wounded, and the Turks about six times as many.

May 9.-Greek Government made written application to the Powers, through the Ministers at Athens, with a view of obtaining mediation.

May 11.-The Powers sent the following to the Greek Government: "The representatives of France, Italy, Great Britain, Germany and Austria charge M. Onou, the of representative Russia and the Doyen of the Diplomatic Corps, to declare in the name of their respective Governments that the Powers are ready to offer mediation with the view to obtain an armistice and smooth the difficulties actually existing between Greece and Turkey, on condition that the Hellenic Government declares that it will proceed to recall its troops from Crete, adhere formally to autonomy for Crete and accept unreservedly the counsels which the Powers give in the interests of peace.'

The reply of the Greek Government was as follows: "The royal Government, in taking the note and declaration of the Russian representative, acting in the name of the Ministers of the Powers, declares that it will proceed to recall the royal troops from Crete, adheres formally to autonomy for Crete, and confides the interests of Greece to the hands of the Powers."

May 12.-The Ambassadors of the Powers. at a conference in Constantinople, sent a collective memorandum proposing an armistice between Turkey and Greece on the basis of negotiations for peace.

May 16. The Porte replied to the note of the Powers declining to agree to an armistice until the following conditions should be accepted: The annexation of Thessaly, an indemnity of £10,000,000 Turkish ($43,960,000); the abolition of the capitulations, and that the plenipotentiaries of the Powers should meet at Pharsalos to discuss terms of peace.

May 20.-An armistice to extend over a period of seventeen days was formally concluded between Turkey and Greece, which armistice included the land and sea forces of both combatants. The armistice agreement stipulated that a mixed commission of officers of superior rank should establish a neutral zone between the two combatants, and that no advance on either flank should be permitted.

May 21.-Turks violated armistice by advancing to Daitza and occupying and fortifying several positions; also pillaged estate of the late Christian Governor of Crete, burned dwellings, violated women

nickel and copper coins are legal tender to the amount of 1 yen. The legal requirement of fineness is 1-1,000th in the case of gold coins and 3-1,000ths in the case of silver coins. The minimum circulating weights of the gold coins are fixed as follows: Twenty-yen pieces, 16.575 grammes; 10yen pieces, 8.2875 grammes; 5-yen pieces, 4.1438 grammes. If, in consequence of friction from circulation, any of the gold coins fall below the minimum circulating weight, or if any of the silver, nickel and copper coins become visibly reduced owing to the same cause, or if any coins become inconvenient for purposes of circulation, it is provided that the Government shall exchange such coins for others of the same face values, without making any charge. It is also provided that should any person import gold bullion and apply to have it minted into coin the Government shall grant the application.

MADAGASCAR.

March 7.-Ranavalona III, Queen of Madagascar, who had only been the nominal ruler of the island since it was made a French colony in June, 1896, was exiled to the island of Reunion by the French authorities. She is only thirty-seven years of age, and was regarded by her people with more than ordinary love.

NICARAGUA.

The law abolishing capital punishment on and after July 1, 1897, was signed by President Zelaya on May 9.

PERU.

April 9.-The Government suspended the coinage of silver at the mint and issued an edict prohibiting the importation of silver coins after May 10, 1897.

SAMOA.

February 23.-King Malietoa was menaced by a strong force of natives led by ex-King Tamasese, who took advantage of the absence of foreign warships to attack the capital.

February 24.-The rebels attacked the loyal islands of Maueno and Apolina, driving out all the inhabitants and sacking the Mormon mission.

SOCIETY ISLANDS.

On February 17, 1897, a rebellion broke out on the islands of Raiatea and Huaheine as a result of the defiance of the French by Queen Mamai for about seven years. The natives carried on a bush warfare un-til February 28, when the rebellion was subdued by the capture of the Queen and her chief men. The Queen and 136 of her subjects were sent to New-Caledonia, the French penal settlement, and condemned to remain there for life.

SPAIN.

June 3.-The Canovas Cabinet resigned, owing to the difficulty the Ministers had experienced in carrying on the Government in view of the Parliamentary situation caused by the refusal of the Liberals to take part in the deliberations of the Cortes. This attitude of the Liberals was due to the personal encounter between the Duke of Tetuan, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, and Professor Comas, a Liberal Senator, on May 21, when the Duke

slapped the face of the Senator after a heated debate on the Morgan belligerency resolution adopted by the United States Senate.

June 6.-The Queen Regent confirmed Señor Canovas in his Ministerial powers, and those of his Cabinet, and they remained in office with personnel and policy unchanged.

August 8.-Señor Canovas, the Prime Minister, was assassinated by an Anarchist, at Santa Agueda.

August 18.-General Azcarraga was appointed Prime Minister pro tem., and two days later the appointment was confirmed by the Queen Regent.

September 29.-The Cabinet resigned, but Azcarraga was requested to continue in office until a solution of the crisis could be found.

October 4.-Señor Praxedes Sagasta became Premier and formed a Cabinet.

November 27.-A decree tendering autonomy to Cuba and Porto Rico was published. See article on "Cuba Revolution" on another page, as indexed.

URUGUAY.-A revolutionary movement started in November, 1896, for the overthrow of President J. Idiarte Borda. General Saraiva, who a few years previous attained notoriety as commander of the insurgents in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, led the revolt. On November 29 Saraiva suffered defeat, and took prisoner General Muniz, the Uruguayan commander, and later won other victories. On December 4 Saraiva suffered defeat, and four days later the rebellion was said to have been suppressed. This statement proved untrue, for the insurgents still continued to hold the field, and in February, 1897, many prominent officers of the Uruguayan army were arrested charged with attending a conference of the enemies of the administration. On March 4 a state of siege was proclaimed at Montevideo, and orders were issued for the mobilization of the troops of the Republic. All telegraph wires into Montevideo were cut on the following day. Important towns were reported to be giving aid and comfort to the revolutionists, their number being given at 7,000 men. The rebels captured the town of Artigas, and began collecting duties on goods entering the country from Brazil. Other towns were captured by the rebels in April, and they obtained several victories afterward. On April 22 an unsuccessful attempt was made by a student named Rabocca to shoot the President at the gateway of the official residence at Montevideo, but the shot missed the mark. On July 22 a twentytwo day armistice was signed by Government troops and the rebels pending nego tiations for a compromise. Affairs reached a climax on August 25, when, during the celebration of the independence of Uruguay, which was proclaimed on August 25, 1825, President Borda was shot and killed by а youth named Arredondo. Señor Cuestas, president of the Senate, became President ad interim. On September 10, through the mediation of Dr. Ramirez, terms of peace were concluded between the Government of Uruguay and the insurgents, and three days later both chambers of Congress ratified the terms. The treaty was signed on September 19.

ZANZIBAR.

April 6.-Slavery was abolished by a decree of the Sultan. It provides that existing rights over the concubines shall remain as before, unless the concubines claim their freedom on account of cruelty. In general terms the concubines will be regarded as wives. The decree also provides that the Government shall pay compensation for all slaves legally held.

POLITICAL MISCELLANY.

DELAWARE.

The Constitutional Convention decided on June 3, 1897, to promulgate the new State Constitution, and it went into effect on June 10. The following is the substance of the changes made: The State is divided into 35 Representative⚫ districts and 17 Senatorial districts, making the General Assembly consist of 52 members, or 22 more than last year. The next Legislature meets on January 11, 1898. The regular sessions are limited to sixty days and special sessions to thirty days. The members have heretofore been allowed $3 per day and the Speaker $5 per day. The new document increases the pay for members to $5 per day and the Speaker to $6 per day. Each member is to be allowed $25 for stationery and supplies at the regular session and $10 for any special session.

Lotteries, the sale of lottery tickets, pool-selling and other forms of gambling are prohibited. This was intended to effectually prevent the establishment of a racetrack in the State.

A Lieutenant-Governor is also provided for, who is to be the presiding officer of the Senate and a member of the Board of Pardons. He is to receive a salary of $6 per day when actually serving in the Legislature.

In case of a contest in the election of Governor the Chief Justice is to preside over the Joint Assembly, instead of the Speaker of the Senate. No man can be elected to the office of Governor more than once.

the districts in which they reside until the end of their terms.

The first general election under the new Constitution will take place on the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November, 1898, when the even-numbered districts are to elect members of the Senate for two years and the odd-numbered districts will elect members for four years' afterward the terms of all Senators will be four years. This provision makes an exception in the cases of the three Senators above named.

There is also a provision for six State judges, one of whom shall be Chancellor and another Chief Justice, and no more than three in office shall be from the same political party. The bench was unanimously Democratic at the time the new Constitution was adopted. The appointments are to be for terms of twelve years. A Board of Pardons is provided, to be composed of the Lieutenant-Governor, Chancellor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer and Auditor of Accounts. The article on revenue and taxation renders it impossible to pass any single-tax law for the State. Local option is provided by a clause which says that whenever a inajority of all the members elected to each House in any one district requests the submission of the question of "license" "no license" to a vote of the electors cf the district, the General Assembly shall provide for the submission of such question at the next general election thereafter. For this purpose four districts are created: Kent County, Sussex County, rural New-Castle County Sussex County, rural mington. The poll-tax is abolished and a registration fee of $1 is made the prerequisite for voting.

or

or

The provisions against bribery are stringent. Any one who shall receive, accept or offer to receive or accept, or shall pay, transfer, deliver, or shall contribute offer or promise to contribute to another any money or other valuable thing as a compensation, inducement or reward, for registering or not registering, voting or withholding a vote, shall lose his own Voters can be challenged for these offences, and must then swear or affirm that they are innocent before their vote can be received. The superior courts are empowered to recount the ballots in cases where fraud or mistake is charged. Bribery, fraud or intimidation is made a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not less than $100 nor more than $5,000, or imprisonment for not less than six months or more than five years, and with either sentence the loss of the franchise for ten years.

The

The Attorney-General and Insurance Commissioner are to be elected for four years, and the State Treasurer and Auditor of Accounts for two years. Persons elected or appointed to State and county offices made elective by the new Constitution, and whose terms expire before the first Tuesday of 1899, are to hold to that day; expiring after January, 1899, and before the first Tuesday in 1901, to hold to that day; expiring after January, 1901, and before the first Tuesday in 1903, to hold to that day. Senators Pyle, Moore and Meredith are to continue to represent

(NEW-JERSEY.

The following amendments to the State Constitution were voted upon by the people on September 28, 1897:

GAMBLING AND LOTTERY.-No lottery shall be authorized by the Legislature or otherwise in this State, and no ticket in any lottery shall be bought or sold within this State, nor shall pool-selling, bookmaking or gambling of any kind be authorized or allowed within this State, nor shall any gambling device, practice or game of chance now prohibited by law be legalized, or the remedy, penalty or

punishment now provided therefor be in any way diminished. Carried by 70,444 for, and 69,642 against.

APPOINTMENTS TO OFFICE.-No person who shall have been nominated to the Senate by the Governor for any office of trust or profit under the government of this State, and shall not have been confirmed before the recess of the Legislature, shall be eligible for appointment to such office during the continuance of such recess. Carried by 73,732 for, and 66,296 against.

The Board of Canvassers made the official count on October 19, when the vote was declared as above given. The proposed amendment providing the right for women to vote, at any school meeting held in any of the school districts in which they might reside, for members of Boards of Education and other school officers, was defeated by a majority of 10,059.

NEW-YORK.

ANTI-SCALPING LAW.-The law of the Legislature relative to the sale of passenger tickets, approved May 18, 1897, provided that no person shall issue or offer to sell any passage ticket or berth or stateroom ticket upon any vessel or railway train, unless he is an authorized agent of such company, or unless he has received authority in writing therefor, and then only at the office designated in his appointment. Every person who shall have purchased a passage ticket from an authorized agent of a railroad company,

on

which shall have not been used or shall have been used only in part, may, within thirty days after the sale of said ticket, have the same redeemed at the office of the authorized agent or of the company. A wholly unused ticket shall be redeemed at the price paid therefor, and a partly used ticket shall be redeemed at a rate which shall be equal to the difference between the price paid for the whole ticket and the cost of a ticket of the same class between the points for which said ticket was actually used. Mileage books shall be redeemed within thirty days after the date of expiration thereof in the same manner. ELECTION LAW.-The Governor, April 15, 1897, approved of a law making it a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for any person to vote or attempt to vote at a political caucus, primary or convention without being entitled to do so; or who by bribery, menace or other corrupt means, directly or indirectly, attempts to influence the vote of any person entitled to vote at such caucus, primary or convention, or obstructs such person in voting, or prevents him from voting thereat; or who fraudulently or wrongfully does any act tending to affect the result of an election at such caucus, primary or convention; or, who, being an officer, teller or canvasser thereof, wilfully omits, refuses or neglects to do any act required by the election law, or refuses to permit any person to do any act authorized thereby, or makes or attempts to make any false canvass of the ballots cast at such caucus, primary or convention, statement of the result of a canvass of the ballots cast thereat; or who induces or attempts to induce any officer, teller

or

or canvasser of such caucus, primary or convention to do any act in violation of his duty; or, who directly or indirectly, by himself or through any other person, pays, or offers to pay, money or other valuable thing to any person to induce any voter or voters to vote or refrain from voting at such caucus, primary or convention for any particular person or persons; or, who directly or indirectly, by himself or through any other person, receives money or other valuable thing, before, at or after such caucus, primary or convertion, for voting or refraining from voting for or against any person at such caucus, primary or convention.

Any person who causes his name to be placed upon any list or register of voters in more than one election district for the same election or upon a list or register of voters knowing that he will not be a qualified voter in the district at the election for which such list or register is made, or who causes his name to be placed upon the rolls of a party organization of one party while his name is by his consent or procurement upon the rolls of a party organization of another party, or aids or abets any such act, is punishable by a fine of five hundred dollars and not more than five imprisonment for

years.

FOREST PRESERVE BOARD.-A law of the Legislature, approved April 8, 1897, authorized the appointment of "The Forest Preserve Board," to be composed of three persons, selected from the Commissioners of Fisheries, Game and Forest and the Commissioners of the Land Office. It was provided that the members of the Board should not receive any compensation for their services as such, but should receive actual and necessary expenses. The duties defined were to acquire for the State, by purchase or otherwise, land, structures or water, or such portion thereof in the territory embraced in the Adirondack Park, as the Board might deem advisable for the interests of the State.

Claims for the value of property taken and for damages caused by appropriation of land may be adjusted by the Forest Preserve Board if the amount thereof can be agreed upon with the owners of the land so appropriated. In case the Board is unable to agree with the owner for the value of the property so taken, or on the amount of damages resulting therefrom, such owner, within two years after the service upon him of notice of appropriation, may present to the Court of Claims a claim for the value of such land or for damages, and the Court of Claims shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine such claim and render judgment thereon. The owner of the land to be taken under the act may, at his option, reserve the spruce timber thereon ten inches or more in diameter at a height three feet above the ground. Such option must be exercised within six months after the service upon him of a notice of the appropriation of such land by the Forest Preserve Board, by serving upon such Board a written notice that he elects to reserve the spruce timber thereon. If such notice be not served by the owner within the time specified he shall be deemed to have