those alone even the men of keen intellect, high culture, and scientific methods, were able at first to grapple with this topic of thought-transmission; so elusive, mysterious, Protean-formed, comprehensive, and fascinating. These were unavoidable then, but they are needless now. We do not try to show the proportion of successes and failures that attended the experiments. Our object is to exhibit something of the successes, and of what is implied in them. We note only general ideas. And, for our present purpose, these are amply sufficient.

We do not cite our illustrative or evidential cases as always constituting sufficient proof of the principles under which they are given. Our space is too limited for a complete display of the evidence. An immense mass of statistics about this subject has been accumulated through years of scientifically conducted investigation. The results have been carefully analyzed and developed, till the fundamental principles of thought-transmission have been proved beyond all doubt.

So we simply submit specimen incidents, illustrating the character of the different kinds of evidence upon which experimental and spontaneous telepathy rest. For the scientist is well aware how many more might be given. And the general reader, from these specimens, will at once see how logically and unerringly an array of such evidences must lead our minds to the conclusions which have been reached. In quoting even these cases, we omit many details which are unimportant.

In the language of psychical science, the name Agent is given to the person from whose mind a telepathic communication proceeds, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, consciously or unconsciously on his part. But, instead of using the entire word Agent, writers often employ only its initial letter A. The name Percipient is given to the person to whom the telepathic communication goes, whether on his part it be voluntarily or involuntarily, consciously or unconsciously. Instead of writing the entire word, often we employ only its initial letter-P. The ability to transmit psychic communications, is termed telepathic or psychic power. And the capacity to receive them, is called telepathic or psychic susceptibility.

To speak in a general way, the Telepathy of Nature and that of Science are one and the same thing. And, in a broad sense, these terms include all telepathic phenomena of every kind, aside from those which are given in the Bible. These latter exhibitions we class under the general head of the Telepathy of Scripture and of the Celestial World.

As already explained, psychical science discloses two phases of telepathy, the EXPERIMENTAL and the SPONTANEOUS. And of these we will now give some simple illustrations.

1. EXPERIMENTAL TELEPATHY.

In this, the transmission of the psychic message is by a direct voluntary effort of the Agent. He definitely, deliberately, and energetically wills that a communication shall pass from his own mind to that of the Percipient.

Every possible precaution is taken to avoid all error, and ensure the most perfect and unmistakable accuracy. In order to prevent the Percipient from obtaining by his sense of vision any clue to the idea which the Agent is trying to transmit, P.'s eyes are carefully bandaged, and his head also may be covered with a bolster or a blanket. In addition he may be seated at a considerable distance from A., with his face toward the wall. Or he may be in another room. For the most satisfactory results are obtained, when there is no contact between A. and P.

The Percipient may be in either the Normal or the Hypnotic State.

TRANSMISSION OF IDEAS, FEELINGS, AND IMPULSES.

1. Of that of Ideas, a typical illustration is seen when lists of letters, numbers, words, names of persons or names of things, etc., are voluntarily and deliberately transmitted from one mind to another. Rev. A. M. Creery, then of Buxton, England, found that various members of his family possessed telepathic endowments. Whereupon he and other persons instituted a series of experiments extending from 1880 to 1882. We give his own account of his early investigations, also the record of a couple of

experiments. (From Phantasms of the Living. Vol. I. Pages 21-27.)

"Each went out of the room in turn, while I and the others fixed on some object which the absent one was to name on returning to the room. After a few trials the successes preponderated so much over the failures that we were all convinced there was something very wonderful coming under our notice. Night after night, for several months, we spent an hour or two each evening in varying the conditions of the experiments, and choosing new subjects for thought-transference. We began by selecting the simplest objects in the room; then chose names of towns, names of people, dates, cards out of a pack, lines from different poems, etc., in fact any things or series of ideas that those present could keep steadily before their minds; and when the children were in good humour, and excited by the wonderful nature of their successful guessing, they very seldom made a mistake. I have seen seventeen cards, chosen by myself, named right in succession, without any mistake. We soon found that a great deal depended on the steadiness with which the ideas were kept before the minds of 'the thinkers,' and upon the energy with which they willed the ideas to pass.

In the following experiments several persons united in willing that a series of proper names should be transmitted to one of the Creery children. The names chosen by the Agents are on the left, and those announced by the Percipient are on the right. Usually the announcement was made within 2-3 seconds after the effort to transmit.

Case 1. A Group of Agents Transmit a Series of Proper Names to the Percipient.

William Stubbs....

Eliza Holmes..

Isaac Harding.

Sophia Shaw.

Hester Willis..

John Jones.

Timothy Taylor.

Esther Ogle...
Arthur Higgins.

Alfred Henderson.
Amy Frogmore.

Albert Snelgrove.

William Stubbs.

Eliza H

..Harding.

Sophia Shaw.

Cassandra, then Hester Wilson.

..John Jones.

Tom, then Timothy Taylor.
Esther Ogle.

..Arthur Higgins.

.Alfred Henderson.

.Amy Freemore. Amy Frogmore.
.Albert Singrore. Albert Grover.

In the next experiment, the ideas conveyed are a succession of names of inanimate objects.

Case 2. Prof. W. F. Barrett and Assistants Transmit to One of the Creery Children a Series of Ideas of Things.

Easter, 1881. Present: Mr. and Mrs. Creery and family, and W. F. Barrett, the narrator. One of the children was sent into an adjoining room, the door of which I saw was closed. On returning to the sitting-room and closing its door also, I thought of some object in the house, fixed upon at random; writing the name down, I showed it to the family present, the strictest silence being preserved throughout. We then all silently thought of the name of the thing selected. In a few seconds the door of the adjoining room was heard to open, and after a very short interval the child would enter the sitting-room, generally with the object selected. No one was allowed to leave the sittingroom after the object had been fixed upon; no communication with the child was conceivable, as her place was often changed. Further, the only instructions given to the child were to fetch some object in the house that I would fix upon, and, together with the family, silently keep in mind, to the exclusion, as far as possible, of all other ideas. In this way I wrote down, among other things, a hair-brush; it was brought: an orange; it was brought: a wine glass; it was brought: an apple; it was brought: a toasting-fork, failed on the first attempt, a pair of tongs being brought, but on a second trial it was brought. With another child (among other trials not here mentioned) a cup was written down by me; it was brought.

An ample number of other similar cases might be exhibited.

2. Transmission of Emotions.

It is not easy to accomplish this in an experimental way. Because it is difficult to arouse a definite feeling by direct volition, and then retain it; while at the same time willing that it be transmitted to another mind.

But, in spontaneous telepathy, the transmitting of emotions is a familiar phenomenon.

3. Transmission of Motor Impulses.

By the telepathic message, one person can cause or prevent some definite action by another. For instance, by a mere mental act, A. may give a command to P. to enter the mesmeric sleep, or to awake from it. Or the mesmerist, by silent volition, may lock the subject's lips or hands, so the latter cannot open them.

Mr. H. S. Thompson, of Moorfields, York, England, was not only able to put persons under the mesmeric spell, but also strongly to influence those who were not mesmerized. We give some incidents illustrative of his powers. The subjects were not in a hypnotic condition, but in the normal state.

Case 3. Mr. Thompson, by Direct Volition, Transmits Motor Impulses to an Other Person.

(From Phantasms of the Living. I. p. 91.)

He wills that a member of his family should come and kiss him. We quote the testimony of the percipient herself. It will be observed that she clearly knows what the impulse is, and when it

comes.

I was sitting one day in the library. No one else was in the room except my cousin, Henry Thompson, who was reading at the other end of the room. Gradually I felt an unaccountable impulse stealing over me, an impulse to go up to him and kiss him. I had been in the habit of kissing him from childhood upwards at intervals, when I left the sitting-room before going to bed, or when he came to say good-bye at the termination of a visit, etc., as a matter of course, not of pleasure. In this instance the inclination to kiss him struck me as being so extraordinary and ridiculous as to make it an impossibility. I have no recollection of leaving the room, though I may have done so, but in the evening when he said to me at dinner, 'I tried to will you to-day and failed,' I answered at once, 'I know perfectly when you were willing me, and what you wanted me to do, though I did not suspect it at the time. But you were willing me to kiss you in the library, and I had the greatest inclination to do 80.' And why would you not?' he asked, and laughed immoderately at my answering that I was so astonished at myself for feeling an inclination to kiss him that I resisted it at once. I had never been mesmerised by him, and my will was not subservient to his.

L. F. C.

Between him and a young girl named Crowther there is such a perfect telepathic sympathy as causes a community of ideas. There is no need of telepathic transmission on his part. It is simply mind-reading on her part. She learns his thoughts by reading them for herself. Then he deliberately transmits a motor impulse. She knows what it is, and when it comes.

I have met many cases of thought-reading, but none so distinct as in a little girl named Crowther. She had had brain fever, which had caused a protrusion of the eyes. Of this ill effect I soon relieved her, and found that she was naturally a thought-reader. I practised on her a good deal, and at length there was no need for me to utter what I wished to say, as she always knew my thoughts. I was showing some experiments to a Dr. Simpson, and he asked me to will her to go and pick a piece of white heather out of a large vase full of flowers there was in the room, and bring it to me. She did this as quickly as if I had spoken to her. All these experiments were performed when the girl was awake, and not in a mesmeric sleep.

Sometimes P. is entirely unconscious that he is being influenced by another mind. Sometimes he is aware that he is being influenced, but does not know by whom. Sometimes he both