be by him placed at the credit of and shall form part of "the Steamboat Inspection Fund"; except always, that all penalties incurred for any offence against this Act shall, if such offence be committed within the jurisdiction of the Quebec Harbor Commissioners, or of the Harbor Commissioners of Montreal, be sued for, recovered, enforced and applied in like manner as penalties imposed for the contravention of the by-laws of the Harbor Commissioners within whose jurisdiction the offence is committed.

10. Every Inspector of Steamboats shall, whenever he visits and inspects any steamboat, examine whether such steamboat is properly furnished with lights and with means of making fog-signals in pursuance of the rules prescribed by this Act, and shall for that purpose have all the powers vested in him by the Act passed in the thirty-first year of Her Majesty's Reign, and intituled "An Act respecting the inspect on of steamboats, and for the greater safety of passengers by them," and the Acts amending it, for obtaining infor mation as to the observance of the requirements of the said Acts, and shall refuse to grant any certificate with, respect to any steamboat which he finds to be not so provided, and shall report such steamboat as unsafe to the Governor in Council, who shall, on such report, have all the powers mentioned in section thirty of the said Act; and any Order in Council made on such report shall have the effect and be enforced in the manner provided by the said section.

11. Whenever foreign ships are within Canadian waters the rules for preventing collision prescribed by this Act, and all provisions of this Act relating to such rules, or otherwise relating to collisions, shall apply to such foreign ships; and in any case arising in any court of justice in Canada concerning matters happening within Canadian waters, foreign ships shall, so far as regards such rules and provisions, be treated as if they were British or Canadian ships.

DUTY OF MASTERS; LIABILITY OF OWNERS AS TO COLLISIONS.

12. In every case of collision between two ships, it shall be the duty of the person in charge of each ship, if and so far as he can do so without danger to his own ship and crew, to render to the other ship, her master, crew or passengers (if any), such assistance as may be practicable, and as may be necessary in order to save them from any

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danger caused by such collision; and also to give to the master or other person in charge of the other ship the name of his own ship and of her port of registry, or of the port or place to which she belongs, and also the names of the ports and places from which and to which she is bound in case he fails to do so, and no reasonable excuse for such failure is shown, the collision shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be deemed to have been caused by his wrongful act, neglect or default:

:

Every master or person in charge of a British or Canadian ship, who fails, without reasonable cause, to render such assistance, or to give such information as aforesaid, shall be deemed guilty of a mis demeanor; and if he is a certificated officer under Canadian authority, an inquiry into his conduct may be held, and his certificate may be cancelled or suspended.

13. The owners of any ship, whether British, Canadian or foreign, shall not, in cases where all or any of the following events occur without their actual fault or privity, that is to say,—

(1.) Where any loss of life or personal injury is caused to any person being carried in such ship,-

(2.) Where any damage or loss is caused to any goods, merchandise, or other things whatsoever on board any such ship,

(3.) Where any loss of life or personal injury is by reason of the improper navigation of such ship as aforesaid caused to any person in any other ship or boat,

(4.) Where any loss or damage is by reason of the improper navigation of such ship as aforesaid caused to any other ship or boat, or to any goods, merchandise or other things whatsoever on board any other ship or boat,

be answerable in damages in respect of loss of life or personal injury, either alone or together with loss or damage to ships, boats, goods, merchandise or other things, nor in respect of loss or damage to ships, goods, merchandise or other things, whether there be in addition loss of life or personal injury or not, to an aggregate amount exceeding thirty-eight dollars and ninety-two cents for each ton of the ship's tonnage,-such tonnage to be the registered tonnage

in the case of sailing ships; and in the case of steamships the gross tonnage without deduction on account of engine room ;

(a) In the case of any British or Canadian ship, such tonnage shall be the registered or gross tonnage, according to the British or Canadian law, and in the case of a foreign ship which has been or can be measured according to British or Canadian law, the tonnage as ascertained by such measurement shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to be the tonnage of such ship;

(b) In the case of any foreign ship which has not been and cannot be measured according to British or Canadian law the Deputy of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries shall, on receiving from or by direction of the court hearing the case, such evidence concerning the dimensions of the ship as it may be found practicable to furnish, give a certificate under his hand, stating what would, in his opinion, have been the tonnage of such ship if she had been duly measured according to Canadian law, and the tonnage so stated in such certificate shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to be the tonnage of such ship.

14. Insurances effected against any or all of the events enumerated in the section last preceding, and occurring without such actual fault or privity as therein mentioned, shall not be invalid by reason of the nature of the risk.

The question of limited liability was fully discussed in the case of

the Waubuno.

The Georgian Bay Transportation Co. v. Fisher, 5 Appeal Reports 383.

By Order in Council of Thursday, 10th day of July, 1879, and under the provisions of the 65th and 66th sections of the Act, 31 Vict., chap. 12:

Mail steamers navigating the canals or passing through any of the locks of the Dominion have priority of passing over all other vessels whatsoever; and any violation of this order subjects the offending party to a penalty of not less than four dollars and not exceeding twenty for each offence.

Vide Canada Gazatte, Vol. 13, p. 37.

UNITED STATES PILOT RULES FOR LAKE AND SEABOARD.

RULE I.

When steamers are approaching each other "head and head or nearly so, it shall be the duty of each steamer to pass to the right, or on the port side of the other; and the pilot of either steamer may be first in determining to pursue this course, and thereupon shall give, as a signal of his intention one short and distinct blast of his steam whistle, which the pilot of the other steamer shall answer promptly by a similar blast of his steam whistle, and thereupon such steamers shall pass to the right, or on the port side of each other. But if the course of such steamers is so far on the starboard of each other as not to be considered by the pilots as meeting "head and head" or nearly so; or, if the vessels are approaching each other in such a manner that passing to the right (as above directed) is deemed unsafe by the pilot of either vessel, the pilot so first deciding shall immediately give two short and distinct blasts of his steam whistle, which the pilot of the other steamer shall answer promptly by two similar blasts of his steam whistle, and they shall pass to the left, or on the starboard side of each other.

NOTE. In the night, steamers will be considered meeting "head and head," so long as both the colored lights of each are in view of the other. In the day, a similar position will also be considered "head and head."

RULE II.

When steamers are approaching each other in an oblique direction, they shall pass to the right of each other, as if meeting "head and head" or nearly so, and the signals by whistle shall be given and and answered promptly as in that case specified.

RULE III.

If, when steamers are approaching each other, the pilot of either vessel fails to understand the course or intention of the other, whether