owe no, to the United States, n. 92, p. 112. "That I will
bear true faith and allegiance to the United States," n.
242, p. 251. Native born owe allegiance from their birth, n.
220, p. 225. Claim of allegiance to the Colonies and Great
Britain and how absolved, n. 274. p. 273.

ALLIANCE. No State shall enter into any alliance....

This is a national power, n. 152. The same under the
Confederation, Art. VI. p. 11.

ALMIGHTY GOD. "Looking to the favor and guidance of," n. 5,
p. 53. Remark on this, n. 5.

AMBASSADORS. The President shall nominate, and by and with

the advice and consent of the Senate appoint, ambassa-
dors, &c.

AMBASSADORS. The President shall receive ambassadors and other
public ministers..

The power to receive, and other public ministers, carries along with it the power to receive consuls, n. 188. AMBASSADORS. The judicial power shall extend to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls Defined, n. 195. By what suits they are affected, n. 202. AMBASSADORS. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction

This clause explained, n. 210. No State under the Con-
federation to receive without the consent of Congress,
Art. VI. p. 11. The Congress might send and receive,
Art. IX. p. 14.

AMENDMENTS, as on other bills. All bills for raising revenue shall
originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate
may propose, or concur with, amendments, as on other
bills
AMENDMENTS to the Constitution. The Congress, whenever two-
thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall pro-
pose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the applica-
tion of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States,
shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which,
in either case, shall be valid, to all intents and purposes,
as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legis
latures of three-fourths of the several States, or by con-
ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other
mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress;
provided that no amendment, which may be made prior to
the year 1808, shall, in any manner, affect the first and
fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and
that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its
equal suffrage in the Senate.

In what way they have been proposed; President's ap-
proval not necessary, n. 236. Date and history of the, notes
244, 274, 275. Twelfth amendment, relative to election of
President, pp. 46, 164. Compared with original Constitu-
tion, notes 168, 1686. For amendments, see pp. 43-50,
164, 254-294, notes 245-286.

AMERICA. The Confederacy shall be "The United States of."
Art. I. p. 9.

AMERICA. "We, the People of the United States," &c., "do ordain
and establish this Constitution for the United States of."
Preamble..

United States of, defined, n. 13. Preamble of the
Constitution of the Confederate States of America, n. 5,
p. 51.
ANDERSON, JOSEPH. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 79.
ANNIHILATION. Legislative bodies incapable of, Dec. of Ind. p. 3.
APPEAL. In disputes between States, Art. IX. p. 14.
APPELLATE jurisdiction. The Supreme Court shall have, both as
to law and fact. (See Supreme Court.)..

APPOINT.

...

Defined; can only be exercised under acts of Congress, n. 211.

Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legis

lature thereof may direct, a number of electors. (See
Electors.)....

All the States now appoint electors by popular election,
n. 167. President's power to appoint defined, n. 179, pp. 175,
176. To appoint and commission are not the same thing,
n. 179, p. 176. The power to appoint carries the power to
remove, n. 184, p. 178; but this is restricted by the Civil
Rights Bill, n. 184, p. 179, § 1, 2. Duty of the President
to appoint commanders of military districts under the
reconstruction laws, n. 276, p. 282, § 2. The commanding
general of each district shall appoint boards of registration,
n. 276, p. 282, § 4.

APPOINTED. No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments of which shall have been increased during such time..

To accept such office vacates his seat, n. 62, 63. (See Office.) APPOINTED. No senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector..

APPOINTMENT of officers of the militia reserved to the States respectively..

This power discussed, n. 135. This power ceases when
the citizens are conscripted, n. 118, p. 132.

APPOINTMENT of electors of President and Vice-President of the
United States. (See Appoint.) Amendments..

APPOINTMENTS. The executives of States may make temporary
appointments of Senators in the recess of the legislatures
thereof to fill vacancies

He cannot make an appointment to fill a prospective vacancy, n. 33. APPOINTMENTS. The President shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint, ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments..

This duty is imperative, n. 179, p. 175. Without a commission there is no appointment Nomination and appointment are voluntary acts, n. 179, p. 176. President may make temporary, during suspension, n. 184, p. 179. § 2. APPOINTMENTS. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions (or appointments), which shall expire at the end of their next session..

66

The subject discussed and explained; vacancy defined, n. 185. Such appointments continue during the session, n. 186.

APPORTIONED. Representatives and direct taxes to be apportioned among the several States according to their respectives 1 numbers, &c. Amendments

Defined, n. 23. (See Representatives.)

APPORTIONMENT. Ratio for, through each decade, notes 21, 280. Direct taxes to be laid by the rule of, notes 22, 144. The, of Representatives under census of 1860, n. 24.

APPRAISEMENT and stay laws unconstitutional, n. 160.

APPRENTICES are "persons held to service," n. 226.

APPROPRIATION of money to the use of armies shall not be for a
longer period than two years. May be for a shorter period,
n. 126
APPROPRIATIONS. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury
but in consequence of appropriations made by law, and a
regular statement and account of the receipts and expendi-

14

1 8 12

29,130

tures of all public money shall be published from time
to time

"Money" defined, and Confederate Constitution com-
pared, n. 149, p. 151. Money in the post-office is within
the restriction, n. 149, p. 152.

APPROVAL of President makes a bill law, n. 66.

APPROVED. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President. If he approve, he shall sign it. (See Veto.)..

Every bill takes effect prospectively from the time it is approved, n. 66.

APPROVED. Any bill returned by the President with objection, may become a law if approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress...

The veto power and its history, n. 67. Two-thirds of a quorum is sufficient, n. 68.

APPROVED. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concur rence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States to be approved or disapproved by him....

A joint resolution becomes a law, n. 70. ARE. Is 100 square meters, n. 102, p. 119, § 2. ARKANSAS. Qualification of suffrage in, n. 17, p. 60. Three representatives, by census of 1860, n. 24, p. 68. Population of, in each decade, n. 24, pp. 69, 70. Did not vote in the presidential election of 1864, n. 167. Assigned to the eighth judicial circuit, n. 197. Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Its history during the rebellion, n. 235. Ratified the 13th amendinent, n. 274; and rejected the 14th, n. 275. One of the non-reconstructed States, n. 276, § 1. Its provisional government defined, n. 276, p. 286. Number of registered voters, n. 278.

ARMED troops. For quartering large bodies of, Dec. of Ind. p. 4. ARMIES. Congress shall have power to raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years...

This power did not exist under the Confederation, n. 122. The rights of enlistment and conscription; extent of this power, n. 125. Limitation on appropriations for, n. 126.

ARMING. Congress shall have power to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia.

The extent of this power defined, n. 134, 135. ARMS. The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Amendments..

This is a national right; does not give the right to carry concealed weapons, n. 249.

ARMY. Congress shall have power to make rules for the govern-
ment and regulation of the land and naval forces
"Rules" defined, n. 129. Defined; and rank and grade
in, n. 124.

ARMY. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the ariny. Why this power was conferred. Need not command in person. What rules he may establish, n. 175.

ARMY. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amendments....

This relates to armies, n. 250.

ARMY or Navy. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war or public danger. Amendments...... The extent of this exception defined and discussed, notes 118, 274.

ARREST. Senators and representatives shall, in all cases except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the sessions of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the

same..

The privilege extends to all civil process, n. 57. The privilege commences from the election, n. 59, and protects the member who loses his seat on contestation, n. 60. All persons under military arrest, to be tried without unnecessary delay, and how, n. 276, p. 282, § 4. When the President may order military arrests, n. 165. ARSENALS, &c. Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive legislation over arsenals, &c....

Extent of jurisdiction over, defined and discussed. The power to legislate carries the power to make it effectual, n. 137.

ARTICLES of Confederation and perpetual Union, pp. 8, 21.

The preamble to, pp. 8, 9. By what States, p. 9. Style of, Art. I. p. 9.

Each State retains its sovereignty, &c., Art. II. p. 9. A firm league of friendship, Art. III p. 10.

For common defense, the security of their liberties, and general welfare, Art. III. p. 9. Who entitled to the priv ileges and immunities of free citizens, Art. IV. p. 10. Freo ingress and egress, &c., Id. Fugitives from justice to be delivered up, ld. Full faith and credit to acts, records, and judicial proceedings, of the courts of each State, Id. Delegates to Congress to be appointed, and how, ld. Not less than two nor more than seven members, Art. V. p. 10. Qualifications of delegates, Id. Each State to maintain its delegates, Id. And have one vote, Id. Freedom of speech, of debate, and from arrests, Id. Inhibitions upon the States, Art. VI. pp. 11, 12, 13. Officers under the rank of colonel to be appointed by the legis lature, Art. VII. All charges of war and other expenses, how levied, Art. VIII. p. 13. The powers of the United States in Congress, and mode of proceeding. Art. IX. pp. 14-19. To determine, peace and war, ambassadors, treaties, captures, prizes, marque and reprisal, piracies, felonies, and appeals, Art. IX. p. 14. Controversies between States, and the mode of hearing and settlement, Art. IX. pp. 14, 15. And grants by different States, Id. p. 16. Coin, weights, and measures, Indians, post-offices, and postage, Id. Officers above regimental, Art. IX. pp. 16, 17. Committee of the States," other committees, and civil officers. To borrow money, emit bills of credit, &c., Art. IX. p. 17. The navy and army, Id. Quotas, how arranged, Id. p. 18. Restrictions upon Congress, without the assent of nine States, Id. What upon majority, Id. The power and limitations on adjournment; veas and nays, and publication of journal, Art. IX. p. 19. The powers of the Committee of the States, Art. X. p. 19. Canada and other States, how admitted, Art. X. p. 19. The debts of the government, how guarantied, Art. XII. p. 19. The States to abide the determinations of Congress, Art. XIII. p. 20. Union perpetual, Id. Articles inviolably observed, Id. Alterations, how made, Id. Ratification of the articles, p. 20; Signers, p. 21.

"A

ARTS. Congress shall have power to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries...

To promote, progress, arts, science, and authors, defined, n. 107. Art distinguished from science, n. 107, p. 122. Inventors defined, 108. Patents liberally construed, 108. The laws on the subject, Id.

ASSEMBLE. Congress shall assemble at least once in every year,

on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law
appoint a different day

The sessions now defined by law, n. 43.
ASSEMBLE. Congress shall make no law abridging the right of
the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the gov.
ernment for a redress of grievances. Amendments..
This right discussed, n. 248.

ATCHISON, DAVID R. Presiding officer of Senate, n. 38, pp. 80, 81.
ATTAINDER. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be

passed...

Bill of, defined and discussed, n. 142, pp. 146, 147. ATTAINDER. No State shall pass any bill of attainder, &c..

These terms relate to criminal laws only, n. 156.

ATTAINDER of treason. The Congress shall have power to declare
the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason
shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during
the life of the person attainted..
"Corruption of blood" defined, n. 217.

ATTENDANCE. Less than a quorum of either house may compel
the attendance of absent members

Either house may compel attendance of witnesses, n. 49. ATTENDANCE. Members of Congress privileged from arrest during their attendance at sessions, &c. (See Arrest.). AUTHENTICATION of records, acts, and judicial proceedings of

States...

The act of Congress prescribing the mode of, n. 219, p. 221. Of legislative acts, n. 219, p. 218. The whole subject fully discussed, Id.

AUTHORITY. Paramount, of the United States over the provisional governments of the rebel States, n. 276, p. 283, § 6.

AUTHORS may secure exclusive rights to their writings for a limited time..

Defined, n. 107. No exclusive property in a published work except under an act of Congress, Id.

BAIL. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Amendments

See notes 12, 245, 275. The question of ability to be
considered; the fifty-dollar fine under the internal revenue
law is not excessive; six months imprisonment is not cruel,
n. 267. The President cannot appoint commissioners of,
n. 183, p. 178.

BALDWIN, ABRAHAM. Deputy from Georgia. Signed this Constitu-
tion, pp. 43, 252. Presiding oflicer of the Senate, n. 88,
P. 79.
BALDWIN, HENRY. One of the supreme judges, n. 197, p. 193.
BALLOT. The electors shall vote by ballot for President and Vice-
President of the United States. They shall name in their
ballots the person voted for as President, and, in distinct
ballots, the person voted for as Vice-President. Amend-

ments

BALLOT. If no person have a majority of the electoral votes, the
House of Representatives shall choose, immediately, by
ballot, the President. Amendments

BANISTER, JOHN, of Virginia. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
BANKRUPT defined literally, n. 91, p. 113.
BANKRUPTCIES. Congress shall have power to establish uniform
laws on the subject.of bankruptcies throughout the United
States

Defined, n. 94, 95, pp. 113, 114. The States may pass,
under restrictions, n. 96.

BANK bills are not bills of credit, n. 154. The repeal of a bank charter does not necessarily impair the contract, n. 157, p. 156. BANKS. The State may repeal their charters, when, n. 157, p. 155. BANKS, national. The States may tax the interest of the shareholders, n. 74. As to the power of Congress to create, n. 80.