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Thomas Greene (1793) was a merchant at No. 14 Greene's Wharf, Boston. He was a son of William and Elizabeth Greene, of Charlestown, and was born Sept. 28, 1757. His brother Francis joined the Artillery Company in 1786. He married Anna Knight, and resided for a time in Stoneham, where he died in 1842.

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Samuel Hammond (1793), cordwainer, of Boston, son of Samuel and Mary (Fiske) Hammond, of Waltham or Lincoln, was born in Lincoln, July 12, 1766. When he first came to Boston his given name was Asa. He married in Boston, June 4, 1794, Sarah Dawes. Their daughter Mary Ann married, March 11, 1823, Hon. John G. Palfrey, D. D., LL. D.

Asa Hammond (1793), on the death of his brother Samuel in 1780, changed his given name to Samuel, and as such was known in Boston. By trade, he was a shoemaker, but became a merchant, and was extensively engaged in the East India trade. In 1796 his boot and shoe store was at the sign of the Golden Key, on Ann Street, and his residence in Cold Lane. He died Nov. 4, 1838, aged seventy-one years.

Joseph Loring, Jr. (1793), merchant, of Boston, son of Capt. Joseph (1788) and Mary Loring, was born in Boston, Oct. 20, 1767. He married, in 1797, Susan Hall, daughter of Nathaniel Hall, of Boston. She died Nov. 6, 1841, aged sixty-nine years.

Mr. Whitman (1810) calls him "a dashing Cornhill shopkeeper." "Having failed in business, and changed his politics, disappointed in not sustaining a commissioned office, he became a violent partisan, and the first captain of the Washington Light Infantry. By his temper he kept the whole brigade in a continual ferment. At a brigade muster he marched on to the parade ground with two subalterns, four sergeants, and music, without a single private. For this he was tried by a court-martial, but acquitted, the proceedings of the court not being approved by Gen. Elliot, who ordered it." In the fall of 1806 he was again court-martialled on charges preferred by Capt. Davis, of the Legionary Brigade, in which Mr. Loring (1793) held the position of captain. The court was in session from the 28th of October to the 5th of November, and, on the latter date, announced Capt. Loring (1793) "guilty," and adjudged him incapable of holding any military commission under this commonwealth for the term of three years. The major-general approved the sentence. His military ardor was not abated. He commanded the Winslow Blues from 1807 to 1811, and was major of the First Regiment, Third Brigade, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, in 1812. He received a colonel's commission in the United States Army (Fortieth Regiment), July 31, 1813, and continued in the position during the war. On the return of peace, he left the army and became an officer in the custom-house. He held this office until his decease, which occurred Oct. 3, 1838. He was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1800.

John Osborn (1793) in 1796 had a shop on Orange Street, a store at No. 1 Long Wharf, and resided on Atkinson Street. He died Aug. 7, 1819, aged forty-eight years.

Samuel Thwing (1793), baker, of Boston, son of James and Martha (Clapp) Thwing, was born in Boston, Jan. 19, 1769. He was a grandson of Col. Nathaniel Thwing

Thomas Greene (1793). AUTHORITY: WYman's Charlestown Genealogies and Estates.

Joseph Loring, Jr. (1793). AUTHORITIES: Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842;

Boston Records; Wyman's Charlestown Genealogies and Estates; U. S. Army Reg.

Samuel Thwing (1793). AUTHORITIES: ByLaws of The Massachusetts Lodge; Thwing Family, by Walter Eliot Thwing, 1883, p. 48.

(1736). Samuel (1793) followed the trade of his father and grandfather, and maintained the quality and popularity of their products. He was admitted a member of The Massachusetts Lodge, March 12, 1795. He married, Nov. 19, 1795, Sarah Homans, of Boston, born Jan. 16, 1770, daughter of Benjamin Homans (1766). She died in Roxbury, Aug. 20, 1833. Capt. Samuel (1793) died in Boston, Aug. 4, 1810. They had five children, one of whom, the eldest, a midshipman in the United States Navy, served with honor in the battle of Lake Champlain.

Dudley Walker (1793), shopkeeper, No. 61 Cornhill, Boston.

John Wells (1793), coppersmith, of Boston, son of Capt. John Wells (1765) and Betty, his wife, was born in Boston, Dec. 3, 1763. He lived in the mansion of his ancestors in Back Street, at the North End, and carried on an extensive business. He became a member of the New North Church, served in the office of deacon, and represented Boston in the General Court. He died, having lived "an honest man in the truest sense," Oct. 14, 1832, aged sixty-nine years.

The record of the Artillery Company for 1793 is as follows:

"Wednesday Evening, March 20th 1793. The Committee of Finance reported, that they have procured the following badges for the use of the Company, viz: Three Swords, Three Epauletts, Three Sashes, Three Belts, for the Commissioned Officers; and four sashes for the Sergeants. Voted, That the report be accepted; that the Badges be delivered to the present Officers of the Company to be worn by them and their successors in office, and that they put to no other use.

"Monday, April 1st 1793. The Company paraded on the town house floor, and marched into the Common, commanded by Col. Winslow (1786). The Rev. Doct. Thacher was chosen to preach the Election Sermon in June next. Voted, That the Commissioned Officers be a Committee to wait on Doctor Thacher and inform him of the choice.

"Monday, May 6th 1793, The Company paraded in Faneuil Hall and marched into the Common, went through a variety of evolutions, commanded by Col. Winslow [1786]. The Committee appointed to wait on the Rev. Doctor Thacher reported, that he accepted the invitation to preach the Election Sermon in June next.

"Wednesday evening, May 22d 1793. Voted, That the Commissioned Officers, Col. Waters [1769], S. Greenough [1786], A. Cunningham [1786], Capt Jenkins [1756] with the Clerk, be a Committee to make arrangements for the Election in June next, and report. Voted, that the Company meet on Friday evening, to hear the report of the Committee, at the Court House.

"Friday evening, May 24th 1793. The Committee of Arrangements reported that there be twelve shillings assessed on each member, towards the expenses of Election in June next.

"Monday, June 3d 1793. On this Anniversary of the Election of Officers, the Company, as usual, escorted the Supreme Executive from the Council Chamber to the Old Brick Meeting House, where a well adapted Discourse was delivered by the Rev. Doctor Thacher. After which they escorted the Lieut. Governor and the other Gentle

John Wells (1793). AUTHORITIES: Boston Records; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842.

men (His Excellency's health not permitting him to attend) to Faneuil Hall, where an elegant Entertainment was provided. At four o'clock, the Company marched into the Common, under the command of Col. Winslow [1786], where they went through the usual evolutions & firings with great exactness. The following Gentlemen were elected officers for the year ensuing, viz: Major Andrew Cunningham [1786], Captain; Mr Samuel Todd [1786], Lieutenant; Mr. John Bray [1788], Ensign; Col. Josiah Waters [1769], John G. Doubleday [1790], Jonas S. Bass [1789], James Phillips [1790], Sergeants; Col. John Winslow [1786], Treasurer; Mr. Thomas Clark [1786], Clerk. Voted, that Major Andrew Cunningham [1786], Capt. Robert Jenkins [1756], & Mr. Thomas Clark [1786], with the Treasurer, be the Committee of Finance for the year ensuing. Voted, That the Commissioned Officers wait on the Rev. Doctor Thacher and return him the thanks of the Company for the Sermon this day delivered, and request a copy for the press. Attest J. G. DOUBLEDAY, Clerk. "Monday, September 1793. The Company paraded agreeable to Charter, marched into the Common, commanded by Major Cunningham [1786].

"Monday October 7th 1793. The Company performed the duties of the day as usual, commanded by Major Cunningham [1786].

"Friday evening, 11th October. The Company met at the Court House & adjourned_ to Saturday evening, 12th Oct. 1793, when the Company Voted to attend the funeral of the late Commander-in-chief, His Excellency, John Hancock, Esq., on Monday next, in Compleat Uniform, with their side Arms and a weed of black Crape around the arm."

On Monday, April 1, 1793, the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company paraded for the first time that year, and by their perfect discipline and soldierlike appearance, gave much pleasure to their fellow-citizens. At the collation, always provided for the Company, after the duties of the day are performed, the chiefs of the Wabash and Illinois tribes of Indians, Duguoin, or the Little Bearskin; Como, or Drowning Man; Oeosto, or Whirlwind; Amequah, or Little Beaver; Sevekainah, or Three Legs; Chemankir, or Soldier, then in town, accepted the invitation of the commander to drink a glass of wine with them, and appeared very happy on the occasion.

The anniversary election was held June 3, 1793, with the usual ceremonies. The sermon was delivered in the Old Brick Meeting-House. The exercises passed off with great satisfaction. The governor, however, was still indisposed, and the newly-elected officers were invested by him at his house, " with much politeness and attention."

On Monday, Sept. 2, 1793, the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company made its first autumnal appearance agreeably to charter, and the citizen soldiers thereof, as usual, did themselves, and the military character of Americans, honor.

On Monday, October 7, the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company paraded, and, as usual, "performed their military evolutions with soldierly grandeur."

Rev. Peter Thacher, D. D., of Boston, delivered the Artillery election sermon of 1793. His great-grandfather, Rev. Peter Thacher, of Milton, delivered the Artillery election sermon in 1695. His father was Oxenbridge Thacher, who appeared as colleague with James Otis in the great case of "Writs of Assistance." Rev. Peter Thacher, the younger, was born in Milton, March 21, 1752. He graduated at Harvard College in 1769, and Sept. 9, 1770, was ordained minister at Malden. Whitfield called Mr. Thacher the "Young Elijah." He remained in Malden for fifteen years, until Dec. 14, 1785,

when he accepted the pastorate of the Brattle Street Church, in Boston. His brother, Thomas, was also a clergyman, and preached in West Dedham. He was an eccentric, but able, man. He use to say, "I can preach the best sermons, but brother Peter will beat me praying."

Rev. Peter Thacher died at Savannah, Ga., Dec. 16, 1802, aged fifty years.

1794.

The officers of the Artillery Company elected in 1794 were: John Brooks (1786), captain; Samuel Prince (1788), lieutenant; John Brazer (1786), ensign. Joseph Cowdin (1790) was first sergeant; William Williams (1789), second sergeant; Asa Fuller (1790), third sergeant; Robert Ball (1791), fourth sergeant, and Thomas Clark (1786), clerk.

The members of the Artillery Company recruited in 1794 were: Joseph Baxter, Jr., George Blanchard, Daniel Cowdin, Robert Gardner, John Hayward, Samuel Hill, Oliver Holden, Jonathan Kilton, John S. Lillie, Thomas Neil, Nahum Piper, Zechariah Seaver, Samuel Watts, John Wheelwright, John Winneck.

Joseph Baxter, Jr. (1794), of Boston, kept a shoe store at No. 5 Marlborough Street, and resided on Winter Street. He died at Fayette, Me., in September, 1828, aged fifty-nine years.

George Blanchard (1794) was a truckman in Boston, and lived in Cow Lane, now High Street.

"About 1810, he entered into copartnership with Capt. Austin [1792] as a broker. His acquaintances placed large sums in their hands on their single security as bankers, and they gained general confidence. Suddenly they failed, and his real estate, valued at fifty thousand dollars, which had been free of incumbrance, was attached. Very little personal property was ever found, and no explanation given. Mr. Blanchard [1794] was suspected, and committed to prison, but, after severe examination, was permitted to take the poor debtor's oath. The Artillery Company lost nothing by him as treasurer, by the vigilance of his successor, but the Washington Benevolent Society lost the whole of their large funds."

"He was rough in speech and haughty in manners, but accumulated a valuable property, principally in real estate, and lived in a degree of splendor."

He was brigade-major of the Legionary Brigade, Gen. Winslow (1786) commander, from 1799 to 1804 inclusive, clerk of the Artillery Company in 1796, first sergeant in 1798, ensign in 1811, lieutenant in 1801, captain in 1805, and treasurer from 1811 to 1814. He represented Boston in the State Legislature. He lived in retirement during his latter years, and died very suddenly, Dec. 17, 1820, aged forty-nine years. He was privately buried in tomb No. 127 on the Common.

Daniel Cowdin (1794) kept a West India goods store in Boston, and resided on Orange Street.

George Blanchard (1794). • AUTHORITIES: Mass. Military Lists; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842.

Robert Gardner (1794), merchant, of Boston, son of Robert Gardner and Hannah, his wife, was born in Boston, Nov. 15, 1763. He married Sarah, daughter of Gilbert Dench, of Hopkinton, Mass. He lived in the Vernon House, on Charter Street. He was captain of the Ward 8 military company from 1792 to 1796, the founder and first captain of the Columbian Artillery in 1799, and lieutenant-colonel in the Legionary Brigade, First Division, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, at its formation in 1802. Having had a family difficulty with Gen. Winslow (1786), who married his cousin, he changed his politics from violent Federalist, and joined with Capt. Joseph Loring, Jr. (1793), in his military quarrels. He was cashiered by court-martial, and deprived of the privilege of holding office in the militia. He was then appointed an officer in the United States Army, and became commissary of prisoners of war; but having failed as a merchant and auctioneer, being displaced from the commissary department and the office of the board of health, he removed with his family to Washington, D. C., where he died. suddenly in the street, March 10, 1818. He was captain of the Artillery Company in 1799. He became a member of The Massachusetts Lodge, A. F. and A. M., Feb. 12, 1795, and demitted, Dec. 29, 1806.

Lieut. Whitman's (1810) mother was a sister of Col. Gardner (1794). The immediate predecessor of Major Anderson, United States Army, in command at Fort Sumter, Charleston (S. C.) Harbor, was John Lane Gardner, colonel of the First United States Artillery, son of Col. Robert Gardner (1794).

John Hayward (1794) was a cabinet-maker in Boston. His shop was on Ann Street, and his residence on Charter Street.

Samuel Hill (1794) was an engraver, of Boston, who resided in Rawson's Lane, now Bromfield Street. He was a son of Alexander Hill (1746) and Thankful, his wife, and was born in Boston, July 27, 1750. He died in 1796, in the forty-seventh year of his age, at which time he was second sergeant of the Artillery Company.

Oliver Holden (1794), of Charlestown, son of Nehemiah and Elizabeth (Stevens) Holden, of Shirley and Charlestown, was born in the first-named town, Sept. 18, 1765. He married, May 12, 1791, Nancy Rand, daughter of Nathaniel Rand, the ferryman. He spent his early years in his native town, but took up a residence in Charlestown in 1788. Mr. Wyman calls Mr. Holden (1794) a "Baptist minister." He was by trade a carpenter, and it was while thus engaged that he published, in 1793, his first book of sacred music, "The American Harmony." Nearly all the music in this publication was original. He gave up his trade, and applied himself to the composition of sacred music. He had a music-store in Charlestown, and was active in church work. For some years he maintained, at his own expense, a Baptist chapel, in Charlestown, occupying the pulpit himself, and May 12, 1801, he gave the land near the head of Salem Street for the erection of a Baptist church. His wooden mansion, forty-two feet by forty, still stands at the head of that street. He continued his work in the writing of music and

Robert Gardner (1794). AUTHORITIES: Boston Records; Mass. Lodge By-Laws, etc.; Whitman's Hist A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842.

Samuel Hill (1794). AUTHORITIES: Boston Records; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842.

Oliver Holden (1794). AUTHORITIES: Chandler's Hist. of Shirley; A Century of Town Life in Charlestown; Appleton's American Encyc. of Biography.

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