marked, had long been attached to the college; and it afforded us the most sincere gratification to observe in the result of their examination the evidence of such meritorious exertion, since the last general examination, as fully to entitle them, under the rules of the college, to the increased, allowance of seventy-five pagodas per mensem, which we accordingly recommended might be granted to them. It was with extreme regret that we were obliged to omit from the foregoing list the name of Mr. Sinclair, who was prevented from attending the examination by indisposition, of which we had the honor to inclose a medical certificate. Adverting, however, to the assiduity and distinguished success which marked Mr. Sinclair's progress in the study both of the Tamil and Teloogoo, and to the high rank which he held in each of these languages at the last general examination, we begged leave to refer it for the consideration of the Right Honorable the Governor in Council, whether it were expedient that Mr. Sinclair should remain longer attached to the college.

We had no doubt of Mr. Sinclair's devoting his leisure hours to study, as his health might permit; and, in the event of the Right Honorable the Governor in Council being pleased to employ him in the public service, although he could not be required to undergo a further examination, yet, if he should be desirous of having his progress specifically reported on, we stated, that we should be happy to attend to an application from him for this purpose.

Mr. Gleig and Mr. Blackburne, we observed, were not present at the late examination-Mr. Gleig having proceeded to Bombay, and Mr. Blackburne to Tanjore, with the permission of Government.

We had the satisfaction to add, that Mr. Hutt, Mr. Newbolt, Mr. Uhthoff, and Mr. Hudleston, were well acquainted with the regulations regarding both the administration of justice, and the realization of the revenue. Mr. Cameron, Mr. De Mierre, Mr. Kindersley, Mr. Thomas, and Mr. French, possessed a fair knowledge of the judicial regulations; but, with the exception of Mr. Cameron, none of these gentlemen were sufficiently conversant with the revenue laws. Mr. Anstey, Mr. Bushby, and Mr. W. Mason, did not appear to have attended sufficiently to this branch of study; and Mr. Horne, Mr. Montgomerie, and Mr. Ogilvie, seemed to have neglected it altogether. We stated, that we should endeavour to impress these gentlemen with a due sense of the importance of making themselves acquainted with the general principles of the regulations.

In closing our address under notice, we were concerned to state, that some of the students attached to the college had incurred debts to an amount unusually

large; and we proposed, in certain instances of great apparent indiscretion, to communicate with the gentlemen themselves on the subject, in the hope that our communication would prevent those gentlemen from adding to their embarrassments, we refrained from bringing them to the notice of Government on the present occasion.

The Right Honorable the Governor, and two of the Members of the Council, honored us with their presence at two of our meetings during the examination above mentioned, and our report thereon, which we have here recited, is under the consideration of the Government.

HEAD NATIVE MASTERS, TEACHERS, AND STUDENTS.

On the 26th April last we reported to the Government, that at the first halfyearly examination of the natives attached to the institution for the year 1815, three of the native teachers had established their claim to a certificate of proficiency, and were consequently entitled to the full allowance of fifteen pagodas per mensem.

We also proposed to raise the pay of four of the students from four to six pagodas per mensem, and to increase the allowance of another student from six to ten pagodas per mensem

We further requested authority to fill up two vacancies in the class of paid students, (occasioned by the promotion of two persons in that class to the situation of teachers) by entertaining two of the volunteer students on the lowest rate of salary, four pagodas per mensem.

The several alterations above proposed were recommended in conformity to the rules of the institution, for the sanction of the Right Hon. the Governor inCouncil.

We also took that occasion to state to the government that, with a view of ohviating the difficulties which at present oppose the acquisition of the Carnataca or Canarese tongue, in consequence of the want of competent teachers, we had for some time past employed one of the teachers named Rungacharlor on a salary of Pagodas, 15 per mensem, to instruct a number of native pupils in the elements of that language. From his superior knowledge of the Canarese and Sanskrit, and from his acquaintance with Teloogoo, Tamil, and Mahrata, this man we observed was particularly well fitted for the office, and as he had executed it much to our satisfaction, and his duties were of a' nature above those generally required from teachers, we begged leave to recommend that an allowance of pagodas, 20 permensem, might be granted to him.

These alterations in the native establishment were sanctioned by the Right Honorable the Governor in Council under the 6th of May last.

On the 8th November last, we reported to the government, that at the second periodical examination of the teachers and students attached to the institution, for the year 1815, five teachers were found qualified to obtain certificates, which had been issued accordingly.

JUDICIAL ESTABLISHMENT.

On the 17th of March last, we had the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the letter, addressed to us by the secretary to government in the public department, recited in our last general report, authorizing us to entertain an establishment of native students, to be educated in the Hindu and Musulman law, for the purpose of filling the situations of law officers and pleaders, in the several courts of judicature under this presidency.

Anxious to secure for this branch of the institution, the services of the most able and best informed persons to be found in these provinces, we immediately on the receipt of these orders, circulated extracts from our correspondence with the Government on this subject, for the information of the several Zillah courts, requesting that they would publish, for general information, the terms, upon which admission into the law classes might be obtained, and that they would encourage all those who were willing to become candidates for these new situations to proceed to the Presidency, in order that they might undergo an examination, which was to be held for ascertaining the proficiency of each person who aspired to a place in the law classes at the college.

In acknowledging our obligations generally, to the several officers in the interior, to whom this communication was made, we deemed it our duty to state, that we considered ourselves particularly indebted to Mr. Newnham, the Judge at Cudapah, Mr. Wright, the Judge at Chitoor, Mr. Lord, the Judge at Nellore, Mr. Powney, the Judge at Combaconum, Mr. Saunders, the Register at Nellore, and Mr. Dickinson, the Register at Chitoor, for the support which we had received from each respectively, in aid of our exertions to obtain respectable and learned persons to fill the situations in question.

In consequence of the good offices of these gentlemen, and of the general publicity which was given to the terms of admission into the law classes, both in the interior and at the Presidency, a great concourse of natives attended at the college on the day fixed for the examination. Assisted by the head native masters, the Kazi ul Kazat, and the Muftis and Pandits of the Suder Adawlut, we examined each person in law, logic, and grammar. Asiatic Journ.-No. 16.

The examinations, we observed, continued for three days, and were conducted partly by written exercises, and partly by oral disputations, on various questions in the sciences abovementioned, in which many of the candidates particularly distinguished themselves. The head native masters, in conjunction with the law officers of the Suder Adawlut, were then, we remarked, directed to class the students according to their respective proficiency.

We requested that the above establishment, amounting to one hundred and thirty-six pagodas per mensem might be sanctioned from the 1st February, and debited as already determined, to the Judicial Department. We observed, that in one case only had full pay been granted to those in the second class; and that in consequence the amount for which sanction was requested, was considerably less than that already approved, and to be eventually incurred on this account.

These classes, we remarked, would for the present be conducted on the plan explained in our letters to government under date the 23d February, and 12th May 1814, recited in our last report; in which it was proposed that none except those who might be included in the first class, at present vacant, should be eligible to the situation of Law Officer, and as we deemed it particularly desirable that the persons appointed to so responsible a situation should not only be learned men, but persons of ability and of respectable character, we intimated our intention to proceed with caution, and great circumspection, in admitting any into this class -it would in consequence, we observed, necessarily require some time before it could be formed; during this period the effect of the establishment would be seen, and all necessary alterations noticed-and we stated our intention therefore to delay the preparation of the regulation mentioned in the ninth paragragh of our letter, dated the 12th May, 1814, until this class should be so far established, as to offer to the selection of the Suder Adawlut a sufficient number of persons to fill up the vacancies among the law officers as they might occur.

At present, we proposed generally, that none should be admitted into the first class until they should have passed through the second; and as this arrangement would prevent any, except the most able and learned from finding their way into the first class, we intended that they should not be liable to degradation into the inferior classes. This arrangement, however, we remarked, would not apply to the several inferior classes of students; by rendering those in the second class not liable to degradation into the third, and those in the third into the fourth class of VOL. III. 3 B

before mentioned, forms with the Sadur Agaradi, a perfect Dictionary of the whole language, the illustration of the different meanings of words by appropriate phrases, and the explanation of peculiar observauces, manners, and opinions, dispersed throughout it, are not the least of its excellencies.

Printing. The Sadur Agaradi, a Dictionary of the superior Tamil dialect, composed entirely in that language. This work in fact consists of four distinct dictionaries; the first, Peyer, shews the several meanings of every word—the second, Porul, the several words bearing the same meaning-the third, Togei, shews the subordinate species of the technical and general terms of science and literature-and the fourth, Todpe, is a rhiming dictionary. It is compiled from the various dictionaries of the high Tamil of which there exists a great number, and is the only one which is entirely arranged in alphabetical order; the words in the others (a few sections excepted in which the alphabetical form is used from necessity) being collected into general classes and resembling therefore, vocabularies rather than dictionaries, except that they are more copious-Like the former, this work, as far as we are aware, has never been printed; the manuscript copies of it are, however, very numerous, and its perspicuous arrangement gives it a preference over all other Tamil dictionaries.

The author of the whole of the foregoing Tamil works, which form a most complete set of elementary books on that language, was the Rev. J. C. Beschie, an Italian Jesuit, attached to the Mission at Madura, who arrived in India about the commencement of the 18th century, and is particularly celebrated in this part of India for the great knowledge he acquired of the Tamil language.

Printed. A translation from Sanskrit into Tamil of the Uttara Khandam of the Ramayana of Valmiki, by Sidambala Vadyar, the head Tamil master at the college. This is a class book for the use of the Junior civil servants attached to the college, and contains an account of the transactions (previously to the commencement of the fable of the poem) of Ravana and his relations, Hanuman and other personages of note, mentioned therein.-In addition to the original, the author has introduced an abstract of the story of the Ramayana, from the period of Rama's quitting Ayodhya, until his return to it after the defeat and death of Ravana.

Printing.-A treatise on Tamil Grammar for the use of the earlier native students at the college, by Sidambala Vadyar, head Tamil master at the college. The rules of the Tamil Grammar are comprised in short verses, called Sutras, written in the superior dialect, in a brief and

abstruse style; they are consequently dif ficult to comprehend, and the difficulty is by no means removed by the numeronscommentators on them, all of whom dif fer from each other, and often from them selves; the originals also often disagree in doctrine. To reconcile the differences, whether of the texts or of the commentaties, and to render the knowledge of Tamil Grammar an acquirement easy to all, this treatise has been written in easy prose; it is not intended to supersede the use of the Sutras, but to facilitate the comprehension of them after they have, as usual, been committed to memory by the student.

Prepared for the press.-A translation into Tamil from the Sanskrit of the Viva hará Khandam of Rita Mitakshara; by the late Purur Vadyar; completed and revised by his brother Sidambala Vadyar, the head Tamil master at the college. The original of this work is the commentary of Vighnaswara, on the text of Yagnyavalkya, and may be considered a general treatise on Hindu law-it is already known to the European world by the translation made of that part of it which relates to the law of inheritance, Dayabhaga, by H.T.Colebrooke, Esq.In the Tamil translation, the texts of Yagnyavalkya, and those quoted from other smritis, are, as in the original, in verse, accompanied by the usual explanatory gloss; but the commentary is in easy prose, thus enabling the students to commit the precepts of the law readily to memory, and facilitating the general comprehension of them!

TELUGU WORKS.

Printing. A Grammar of the Telugu language, (commonly termed Gentoo,) peculiar to the Hindus inhabiting the northern provinces of the peninsula, by A. D. Campbell, Esq. of the Hon. East India Company's Civil Service on the Madras establishment, Member of the Board of Superintendence for the College of Fort St. George.

This very laborious and most useful work supplies a want that has long been felt, both by the Civil and Military servants of the East-India Company on the coast, and by others, in habits of constant intercourse with the inhabitants of those extensive provinces, in which the Telugu is the only medium of communication with the great body of the people.

The author, although he has collected the substance of the original native Gramurars, to which he has had recourse, has very judiciously deviated from the form observed in those treatises, the arrangement of the work being similar to that generally observed by European Grammarians it is divided into six chapters.

The first treats of the Telugu Alphabet; the second of the elision, insertion,

and permutation of letters; the third of substantive nouns and pronouns, their concomitants, and declension; the fourth of adjective nouns and pronouns; the fifth of verbs; the sixth of syntax.

"

To this is added an Appendix containing various information highly useful to all those whose occupations require a constant intercourse with the inhabitants of the northern provinces of the peninsula.

This plan embraces the whole system of Grammar, and the excellence of the execution of the work is marked by the care with which derivatives from the two great sources of the modern language, the Utsu Telugu, and the Sanskrit, are discriminated; by the diligent collection of all irregular forms of words, by exhibiting the regular forms as delivered by the grammarian, and as used by the vulgar, thereby enabling the student, in addition to a knowledge of the medium of diurnal intercourse, to become acquainted with the writers who have cultivated this language in its purity, by the judicious investigation of the themes, and an arrangement of the verbs as deduced therefrom, which gives a clear and comprehensive view of this most difficult part of speech, not confined to the Telugu solely, but extending to its cognate dialects; and lastly, under the head of syntax, by an intelligent exposition of the use of the various species of connectives, the regimen of cases and tenses, and the formation and use of nominal derivatives and verbal auxiliaries.

An

This work, of which the copyright has been purchased by the government, may be expected to appear at an early period, as the fount of Telugu types casting for it in the college is nearly finished. accident which deprived the college of a considerable number of these types is the sole cause of its publication having been so long delayed.

Prepared for the Press-A very voluminous and excellent Dictionary of the Telugu language, by Maumadi Veniya, , a learned komtee inhabitant of Masulipatain. In this work, from thirty to forty thousand words are rauged in alphabetical order, each accompanied by a short explanation of its meaning in Telugu. It will prove of most essential assistance to the student, after he has overcome the first difficulties of the language, and will, in some degree at least, supply the want of a Telugu and English Dictionary, the compilation of which, if ever undertaken, must be a work of great labor and time. The work of Maumadi Veniya is rather deficient in pure Telugu words, the columns of the Dictionary being filled chiefly by those of Sanskrit origin, and the illustration of the meaning of each word is also rather too concise; but the work is on the whole highly valuable, and to en

courage the composition of similar books by learned natives, the copyright has been purchased by the government at a very liberal price.

Preparing for the Press. A vocabulary English and Telugu, the words of the common being distinguished from those of the classical, dialect. By J. M'Kirrell, Esq. of the Hon. East-India Company's Civil Service on this establishment, Telugu Translator to Government, and "ex-officio" member of the Board of Superintendence.

CARNATACA WORKS.

Preparing for the Press.-1st. A Grammar of the Carnataca language commonly called the Canarese, founded upon an approved treatise, in the classical dialect.2d. A Vocabulary, English and Carnataca, to which is added, alist of Carnataca books. by J. M'Kerrell, Esq. of the Hon. EastIndia Company's Civil Service on the Madras Establishment, Telugu Translator to Government, and "ex officio" Member of the Board of Superintendence.

The above-mentioned valuable works on the Carnataca language, peculiar to the Hindus inhabiting the middle provinces of the peninsula, are, perhaps, the first in any European language that treat of the elements of this useful tongue; and, when completed, will prove a great acquisition to the college, as constituting a set of elementary works on one of the three grand dialects of the peninsula, at present less known than either of the other two.

So soon as a fount of Carnataca types shall have been formed, it is expected that the Carnataca Grammar and Vocabulary will be ready for publication.

ENGLISH WORKS.

Preparing for the press.-Dissertations on the several modes of computing time observed by the inhabitants of the Indian peninsula, and on the method of converting time, computed according to any of these modes into European time, and vice versa. By Captain John Warren, of H. M. 56th Regiment of Foot.-The copyright to this work has lately been purchased by the Government. The modes of computing time generally prevalent in the peninsula are, 1st, the computation among the Musulmans by the lunar year, dating from the epoch of the Hejira, or flight of Muhammad from Mecca.-2nd, The computation among the Hindus by the solar year, by which civil time is adjusted to the true beginning of each month and year, according to the course of the sun; aud the use of leap-years is consequently precluded. This system dates from the Saka, or epoch of Sáliváhana, which period is divided into cycles of sixty years each. It prevails generally throughout the southern provinces under