Messrs. Rowe & Co., since 1880, and is an excellent journal. The "Sun," an evening paper, has been only a few months in existence, but has every prospect of a prosperous career. The two first mentioned publish weekly editions as well. The two pioneers in journalism in the North-West were Messrs. Wm. Buckingham and Wm. Caldwell. The former is wellknown to the public, from having, during Mr. Mackenzie's Administration, occupied the position of Private Secretary to the Premier. The latter is still a resident of Winnipeg, and has been more or less connected with various newspaper ventures. In 1859 these gentlemen arrived in Winnipeg, having brought their printing press and material in ox carts all the way from St. Paul, across the prairie. Their paper was called the "Nor-Wester." It continued to exist for a number of years, changing proprietors several times. Other ventures on the journalistic sea have been made, some of which lived for years, while others were ephemeral. Besides the newspaper offices, there are several well organized job offices in the city.

The Provincial Agricultural Society has its head-quarters in Winnipeg. It dates its establishment as far back as 1871, and is now a very prosperous institution. The Society receives an annual grant from the Government of $2,000; this, with members' subscriptions and generous donations from private parties, enables it to offer liberal prizes. The exhibition is held at different points in the Province. Correspondence is kept up with the various Electoral Division Societies, whose exhibitions they encourage by offering special prizes and diplomas. The Society also offers prizes from time to time for essays on subjects pertinent to Agriculture. This is a feature which might well be imitated by societies in the older Provinces of the Dominion. The Government has promised to the society a grant of twenty-five acres of land in the city, on which it is proposed to erect permanent buildings for exhibition purposes. The

energetic Secretary of the Society is Mr. C. Acton Burrows. Nothing need be said here with reference to the Church and the higher education of Winnipeg and the country, as an appendix is to be devoted to these subjects.

As it may prove of interest to the reader we cannot close this chapter without quoting some of the remarks made by Lord Dufferin, Governor-General of Canada, during his visit to the city in August, 1877. In answer to the civic address presented by the city, he said :—

"I beg to thank you most warmly for the kind and hearty welcome you have extended to me, on my arrival in your flourishing city, which you rightly designate the metropolis of the North-West, the living centre which is destined to animate with its vital energies the rich alluvial region whose only limit seems to be an ever-receding horizon.......I am not by any means unacquainted with the record of your achievements; indeed, it is probable that there is no Province in the Dominion with whose situation I am better acquainted, so far as information in such respects can be obtained from books and Parliamentary papers; and it is to perfect verify, and extend that knowledge by personal intercourse with your leading citizens, and by an inspection of the richness of your territory, that I have come amongst you......I have no doubt that this city and Province generally, nay, the whole territory of the NorthWest, is now illuminated by the dawn of a great advancement. Although it may not be my good fortune personally to preside much longer over your destinies, I need not assure you that your future will always command my warmest sympathies and continue to attract my closest attention; and I trust that, though at a distance, I may live to see the fulfilment of many of your aspirations."

On the occasion of the vice-regal visit drawing to a close, the citizens of Winnipeg invited His Excellency to a public banquet, at which he made a speech in review of his per

sonal observations of the country, and the facts he had gathered, from which the following are extracts :

"From its geographical position, and its peculiar characteristics, Manitoba may be regarded as the keystone of that mighty arch of sister Provinces which spans the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific. It was here that Canada, emerging from her woods and forests, first gazed upon her rolling prairies and unexplored North-West, and learnt as by an unexpected revelation that her historical territories of the Canadas, her eastern seaboards of New Brunswick, Labrador, and Nova Scotia, her Laurentian lakes and valleys, corn lands and pastures, though themselves more extensive than half a dozen European kingdoms, were but the vestibules and antechambers to that till then undreamt of Dominion, whose illimitable dimensions alike confound the arithmetic of the surveyor and verification of the explorer.

"It was here that, counting her past achievements as but the preface and prelude to her future exertions and expanding destinies, she took a fresh departure, received the afflatus of a more imperial inspiration, and felt herself no longer a mere settler along the banks of a single river, but the owner of half a continent, and in the magnitude of her possessions, in the wealth of her resources, in the sinews of her material might, the peer of any power on the earth.

"In a recent remarkably witty speech, the Marquis of Salisbury alluded to the geographical misconceptions often engendered by the smallness of the maps upon which the figure of the world is depicted. To this cause is probably to be attributed the inadequate idea entertained by the best educated persons of the extent of Her Majesty's North American possessions. Perhaps the best way of correcting such a universal misapprehension would be a summary of the rivers which flow through them, for we know that as a poor man cannot afford to live in a big house, so a small country cannot support a big river. Now, to an English

man or a Frenchman, the Severn or the Thames, the Seine or the Rhone, would appear considerable streams, but in the Ottawa, a mere affluent of the St. Lawrence, an affluent, moreover, which reaches the parent stream six hundred miles from its mouth, we have a river nearly five hundred and fifty miles long, and three or four times as big as any

of them.

"But, even after having ascended the St. Lawrence itself to Lake Ontario, and pursued it across Lake Huron, the Niagara, the St. Clair, and Lake Superior to Thunder Bay, a distance of one thousand nine hundred miles, where are we? In the estimation of the person who has made the journey, at the end of all things; but to us who know better, scarcely at the commencement of the great fluvial systems of the Dominion; for, from that spot-that is to say, from Thunder Bay-we are able at once to ship our astonished traveller on to the Kaministiquia, a river of some hundred miles long. Thence, almost in a straight line, we launch him on to Lake Shebandowan and Rainy Lake and River-whose proper name by-the-by is "Réné," after the man who discovered it—a magnificent stream three hundred yards broad, and a couple of hundred miles long, down whose tranquil bosom he floats into the Lake of the Woods, where he finds himself on a sheet of water which, though diminutive as compared with the inland seas he has left behind him, will probably be found sufficiently extensive to render him fearfully sea-sick during his passage across it. For the last eighty miles of his voyage, 'however, he will be consoled by sailing through a succession of land-locked channels, the beauty of whose scenery, while it resembles, certainly excels the far-famed Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence.

"From this lacustrian paradise of sylvan beauty, we are able at once to transfer our friend to the Winnipeg, a river whose existence in the very heart and centre of the conti