take a map of North America, and look at the situation of San Francisco. By following the line of the Union Pacific Railway eastward, he will see Ogden over 900 miles east of San Francisco, and 1,000 miles farther east, Omaha, on the Missouri. Chicago is about 2,500 miles by rail from San Francisco, and five days continuous travel is necessary between the two points. This is the present short line to the east, and when the Canada Pacific is opened, we know that it will be much shorter, as it crosses the Meridians where they have less breadth. The route of the future is much shorter.

From Ogden a branch line has been built northward and has now reached Helena the capital of Montana, and is expected to reach Fort Benton during the coming year where it will intersect the Northern Pacific. Between Benton and the Canada Pacific Railway as now projected there is only about 200 miles, which in a very few years will be open for traffic. By keeping the Canada Pacific for over 100 miles to the eastward and building a branch line from near Old Wives Lakes to Fort à la Corne, direct communication will be obtained with the line leading to Hudson's Bay, and by the time a passenger or freight going east reaches Chicago either one or the other going north will be close to Hudson's Bay. The construction of the two short lines spoken of will be extremely easy as there are no water courses to cross nor hills to ascend. It is so self-evident that this is the future line of traffic that nothing further need be said in its favor except to note that this line will tap the Union Pacific, the Northern Pacific, and the Canada Pacific, and carry for a certainty all freight destined for the European market. When this line is opened our stockmen will kill their own cattle and send the meat to Europe as the northern route will be colder and the meat not subject to a high temperature in transit. The above is the main line of the future, and Saskatchewan City will be the capital of the Northwest, and Fort Churchill the New Archangel of Canada.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

Advice to Immigrants both as Regards Reaching the Country and What to do when They get there.

Where Information can be Obtained-Fare to Canada-Articles Required on the Voyage-From Whom to get Information-A Government Officer at each Shipping Port-How to Label Bonded and other Goods-How to Act on Board Ship— Articles Needed for the Voyage-Household Articles to be Bought—Mechanics' Tools-Farmers Should bring no Furniture-Warm Clothing to be Brought-Routes from Quebec to Manitoba-Agent at Duluth-Agents in Manitoba-Fare from Quebec to Manitoba-Carrying Heavy Freight a Mistake-Agents' Duties-Dominion Land Offices--Correspondence with Officials-How to Address Letters-Points to be Noted-Cautions to Immigrants-No Purchase of Homestead Land Valid until Title is Obtained-All Titles or Assignments should be Registered at Ottawa-Bounty Warrants and Land Scrip-Duties of Homesteaders-Make Entry of Homestead as soon as Possible-See that no One has any Claim to the Land Selected-Titles to all Lands Purchased should be Examined into-Land Guides will Assist at Selections of Lands -How to Select Good Land-How to get Good Sweet Water-Hay and Wood Secondary to Good Soil and Water-Spring best Time to Emigrate-Good Crops Raised on Spring Ploughing-New Plan of Sowing in Spring-Old Country People should fall into the Ways of the Country-Deep Ploughing in Manitoba a Mistake-How to Bring Money and Where to Place it-Illustrations of How much can be Saved in Five Years-Success Depends on the Settler-Canadian North-West Compared with Dakota and Minnesota-Opening of Canadian Pacific Railway-Statements of Settlers Regarding Outfit-Mode of Procedure-Prices-Amount of Money Necessary Success— in Farming-Climate-Wintering Cattle, Oxen, and Horses-The Kind of Settlers Needed.

How to reach the North-west is a question constantly asked by emigrants, and one not easily answered in their own country, but very easily answered in Canada. Should the questioner live in Great Britain or Ireland the necessary information can be obtained by writing to any one of the following gentlemen, who are the accredited agents of the Dominion Government in the mother countries:

London.-Sir A. T. GALT, G. C. M. G., &c., High Commissioner for the Dominion, 10 Victoria Chambers, London, S. W. MR. J. COLMER, Private Secretary (same address). Liverpool.-MR. JOHN DYKE, 25 Water street. Glasgow.-MR. THOMAS GRAHAME, 40 Enoch Square.

Belfast.-MR. CHARLES FOY, 29 Victoria Place.

Dublin. MR. THOMAS CONNOLLY, Northumberland House. Reliable information having been obtained on the points desired, the next step is to purchase a ticket if possible before leaving home. Always take your ticket, if in summer, to Quebec or Montreal, not to Halifax, or St. John's, and never to any point in the United States, because should you do so you have a long railway route ahead of you. The better plan if going to Manitoba direct is to book right through, but never go faster than your luggage.

The greater part of the following instructions taken. from recently issued publications, may be relied on for their accuracy:

When it has been decided to go to Canada, one of the Canadian steamship lines, whose advertisements can be found in the newspapers, should be written to, so as to secure a berth. There are vessels sailing from Liverpool, London, Bristol, Glasgow, Londonderry, and Cork.

The fare from any of the places named to Quebec, depends upon the class of passage taken. The saloon fare ranges from £10 to £18; the intermediate is £8 8s.; and the ordinary steerage passage is £6 6s., but agriculturists and domestic servants have the benefit of a lower rate. This can be ascertained from the steamship offices, and they will also supply the necessary forms to be filled up; children under ten years are charged half fare, and infants under one year a nominal sum. The fares include a plentiful supply of food, and good sleeping accommodationon board.

To Manitoba through tickets are issued by the steamship companies. The fare from London or Liverpool to Winnipeg ranges from £9 5s. assisted steerage, to £28 the saloon passage. Passengers are advised to take advantage of these tickets.

To secure a berth in the steamer it is necessary to send a deposit of £5 for a saloon passage; £1 for an intermediate or a steerage passage.

Twenty cubic feet of luggage are allowed to each saloon passenger, ten to each intermediate, and ten to each steerage. Any information or advice as to the most useful things to take to Canada, or upon any other subject, may be obtained at the offices of the Steamship Companies, or at any of the Canadian Government offices.

Steerage passengers have to provide bedding and certain utensils for use on board, which are enumerated in the bills of the Steamship Companies. They can be purchased at the port of embarkation, or hired for the voyage, from some lines for a few shillings-leaving bed-covering only (a rug or blanket) to be provided by the passenger.

Government agents are stationed at the principal places in Canada, and they should be enquired for on arrival. They will furnish information as to free grant and other lands open for settlement in their respective provinces and districts, farms for sale, demand for labor, rates of wages, route to travel, distances, expenses of conveyance; receive and forward letters and remittances for settlers, and give any other information that may be required.

Persons with capital should not be in a hurry to invest their money. They can get good interest for it by depositing it in the banks, and can give themselves time to look around before settling. There is good banking accommodation in most of the towns, and letters of credit can be obtained from any of the English banks.

An officer of the Canadian Government, at Liverpool, will see the emigrants on board the ocean steamers in condition to ensure their comfort and safety during the passage to America He will render them any advice and assistance in his power. The name and address of this officer is

JOHN DYKE,

15, Water Street, Liverpool.

This officer may be written to for any desired information respecting removal to Canada.

Intending settlers in the Canadian North-west will be met on their arrival, either at Quebec or Halifax, by a regular authorized officer of the Dominion Government, who will at once take them in charge, have their luggage properly looked after, and will see them safely on board the railway train for the West.

Settlers effects, in use, will be passed free through the Custom House, and any necessary bonding arrangements will be made which will thus prevent any delay, inconvenience, or loss occurring. Each passenger, before his departure from the port in Great Britain, should be provided with address cards as follows:

Passenger to Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

......In Bond......

and he should see that one is pasted on each of his packages of luggage.

As soon as the passenger gets on board he should read the rules he is expected to obey whilst at sea. He will find them hung up in the steerage, and should do his best to carry them out, and to be well-behaved and keep himself clean, as this will add much to his own comfort and health, as also to the comfort and health of others.

If he have any grievance or real cause of complaint during the passage, he should go and make it known at once to the Captain. The arrangements, are, however, now so perfect for securing comfort and speed on the great ocean steam lines, that complaints are seldom or never heard.

All boxes and luggage should be plainly marked with the passenger's name and the place he is going to. They will be stowed away in the hold of the vessel, so whatever is wanted on the voyage should be put into a trunk, carpet