with in the United States were but few. They had been successful, and they spoke in cordial terms of the kindness and general civility of the people among whom they had settled; but there was much in manners and habits which, to use the expression of one of them, "went against the grain;" and they generally complained of the climate. The insulation also in which they lived so far from neighbours whom they had known before, and kindred— seemed to weigh upon them.

While the Irish emigrant, therefore, will chiefly be attracted towards the United States, the English or Scotch emigrant will probably continue to prefer setting up his new restingplace in Canada. And there is in that country, in truth, a great and enticing field for every element of British character. By what means a still further encouragement can be given to the best settlers of all classes to go there, is a subject occupying the attention of all the men of business in the colony. A direct communication between Liverpool and Quebec, by large screw-steamers, is projected, and will, I believe,

very soon be carried into effect. The great line of railway from Halifax to Quebec, and thence through the entire length of the two provinces, will, when completed, lead at once to a much higher appreciation in this country of the value and attractiveness of that. It is devoutly to be hoped, in the interest of that suffering and most deserving class of men, the agricultural labourers in our southern counties, who are existing on the low rate of wages there prevalent, that they may have intelligence enough to see the prospects held out to them in that new society of English habits, English sympathies, and English principles, and that they may be enabled to join it. One of the leading wants in America is cheaper labour; and capitalists are taking the means to facilitate its introduction. It is possible that, before many years are over, it may be leaving our own shores even more freely than would accord with the present interests of some among us. There is no need to follow up the reflections which these facts open. They will suggest themselves, in all probability, to those who

have been hitherto wasting in a useless struggle the energies that are wanted for the full development of the agricultural resources of this country.

Society in Canada.-I cannot omit to recount the very agreeable impressions I received of the society I had the good fortune to meet with, both in the great towns of Canada and in the country. It adds greatly to the charm of travelling in a new country, to find at every halting-place so much that recalls the mode of life, and is in harmony with the ideas, manners, and habits of England. I feel impelled to express in the very warmest terms the gratification I experienced in the many opportunities I enjoyed of cordial and friendly intercourse with persons of both the leading political parties in the colony, and with others who live apart from public life. The presence also of even the few British regiments in the different parts of the colony cannot do otherwise than contribute to keep up an English standard in many things. There is much in Canada to reconcile the emigrant, to a certain extent, to

what nothing can altogether compensate him for -his separation from the society of England.*

The French Canadians.-There is no more interesting circumstance throughout the wide range of our Colonial or our Indian Empire, than that of the existence, under British rule, of the 700,000 French in Lower Canada. Side by side with them, and under the same form of government, are rather more than the same number of individuals of our own kindred and language, principally in Upper Canada.

* In reference to the number of British troops in Canada, I would beg the gentlemen of the "Peace Party" in this country, who are so anxious for the reduction of all our means of maintaining it, to go and study, even for a short time, the present temper of the democracy of the United States. They will find abundant evidence to convince them that there is no people, even among the military nations of Europe, so penetrated with a warlike spirit, and so inclined to aggression. To weaken our means of defence in Canada, is to prompt and invite another demonstration of "sympathy" from the other side of a long and exposed frontier. The aristocracy of the United States (let no one start at the name-the feeling exists in as great strength as in Europe), as represented by the professional, commercial, and the wealthier of the trading classes, is far too enlightened, and too generally impressed with a high sense of right and wrong, to partake of this spirit; but they are yet numerically and socially weak, and consequently liable to be overborne by the mass of the people.

Christian charity and political wisdom will have achieved no greater triumph than that of harmonizing under one sceptre these hitherto discordant elements.

The entire extinction, in the breast of every well-disposed Englishman of the present generation, of that bitter spirit of hostility towards our French neighbours, which was engendered by the long and deadly strife of the last war, has been brought about partly by better acquaintance, partly by the Christian temper happily prevalent in this country.

It would be strange indeed if the old feelings of alienation and disrespect which have well nigh totally expired here, should be designedly kept alive by the people of our own stock in Canada, against those of the French race who are so closely allied to them by the ties of citizenship and of mutual interest.

I was extremely glad to hear from the lips of many persons who had the best right to speak upon the subject, that the idea of governing the country with reference to English ideas and feelings alone (or, to use an old phrase, of