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Administrative Office of the United States Courts, and the municipal government of the District of Columbia;

(2) "employee" means an individual employed in a department, except as otherwise provided in this Act;

(3) "position" means the duties and responsibilities assigned to an employee, except as otherwise provided in this Act;

(4) "scientific" and "professional" mean those qualifications, education, training, or experience, required to perform the duties and responsibilities of any position within the purview of this Act, which are generally recognized to constitute professional standing or its equivalent in a given occupation or vocation;

(5) "Commission" means the United States Civil Service Commission;

(6) "Commissioners" means the United States Civil Service Commissioners; (7) "classification", "class", "grade", "within-grade", "per annum rate", "salary step", "step-increase", and "step-rate" shall have the same meanings as when used in relation to the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, and in the Act of September 1, 1954 (Public Law 763, Eighty-third Congress; 68 Stat. 1105), except as otherwise provided in this Act or indicated in the context thereof;

(8) "basic salary" means the rate of annual compensation specified by law, exclusive of (A) overtime compensation, (B) night differential compensation, (C) holiday compensation, (D) longevity compensation, and (E) any amount received by an employee, in excess of the rate of basic annual compensation specified by law for his position, under section 604 (b) (11) of the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, section 208 (b) of the Act of September 1, 1954, as amended, paragraph (4) or (5) of section 603 (c) of the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, the Act of June 18, 1956 (Public Law 594, Eighty-fourth Congress), and any Act amendatory to such Act of June 18, 1956;

(9) "Scientific and Professional Schedule" means the Scientific and Professional Schedule established by section 301 (a) of this Act;

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(10) "technology" and "technological" shall have their generally accepted meaning, as defined in standard unabridged dictionaries, relating to industrial science, systematic knowledge of the industrial arts, and applied science; and (11) "Research and development" means any activity requiring formal scientific, professional, technological, or technical training or experience, and the exercise of judgment based thereon, in selecting, applying, or evaluating techniques, theories, and experiments for the solution of problems related to

(A) the devising, evolvement, creation, or utilization of new or original products, services, or methods, or

(B) the improvement or more effective utilization of existing products, services, or methods,

and shall include "pure" research.

COVERAGE AND EXEMPTIONS

SEC. 202. Subject to section 203 of this Act, and except as otherwise specifically provided in this Act, this Act shall apply to each civilian scientific, professional, technological, and research and development position; to each employee who is an incumbent of such a position immediately prior to the date such position is placed in the Scientific and Professional Schedule in the manner provided by this Act; and to each person appointed to, or otherwise placed in, such a position on or after such date.

SEC. 203. This Act shall not apply to

(1) the President and the Vice President of the United States;

(2) any officer appointed, and any position to which appointment is required by law to be made, by the President alone or by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, except any such officer or position as may be designated by the President or in accordance with regulations prescribed by the President;

(3) any position or employee in the field service of the Post Office Department within the purview of the Postal Field Service Compensation Act of 1955;

(4) positions in or under the Foreign Service of the United States under the Department of State, for which the salary rates are fixed by the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as supplemented by Public Law 160, Eighty-first Congress, approved July 6, 1949; and

(5) positions in or under the Department of State which are (A) connected with the representation of the United States to international organizations or (B) specifically exempted by law from the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, or any other classification or compensation law;

(6) teachers, school officers, and employees of the Board of Education of the District of Columbia, whose compensation is fixed under the District of Columbia Teachers' Salary Act of 1947, as supplemented by Public Law 151, Eighty-first Congress, approved June 30, 1949; and the chief judge and the associate judges of the Municipal Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, and of the Municipal Court for the District of Columbia;

(7) officers and members of the Metropolitan Police, the Fire Department of the District of Columbia, the United States Park Police, and the White House Police;

(8) lighthouse keepers and civilian employees on lightships and vessels of the Coast Guard, whose compensation is fixed under authority of section 432 (f) and (g) of title 14 of the United States Code;

(9) employees in recognized trades or crafts, or other skilled mechanical crafts, or in unskilled, semi-skilled, or skilled manual-labor occupations and employees in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing the duties of whom are to perform or to direct manual or machine operations requiring special skill or experience, or to perform or direct the counting, examining, sorting, or other vertification of the product of manual or machine operations, whose compensation shall be fixed and adjusted from time to time as nearly as is consistent with the public interest in accordance with prevailing rates;

(10) officers and members of crews of vessels, whose compensation shall be fixed and adjusted from time to time as nearly as is consistent with the public interest in accordance with prevailing rates and practices in the maritime industry;

(11) employees of the Government Printing Office whose compensation is fixed under Public, Numbered 276, Sixty-eighth Congress, approved June 7, 1924:;

(12) civilian professors, lecturers, and instructors at the naval War College and the Naval Academy whose compensation is fixed under Public Law 604, Seventy-ninth Congress, approved August 2, 1946, senior professors, professors, associate and assistant professors, and instructors at the Naval Postgraduate School whose compensation is fixed under Public Law 303, Eightieth Congress, approved July 31, 1947; and the academic dean of the Postgraduate School of the Naval Academy whose compensation is fixed under Public Law 402, Seventy-ninth Congress, approved June 10, 1946;

(13) aliens or persons not citizens of the United States who occupy positions outside the several States and the District of Columbia; (14) the Tennessee Valley Authority;

(15) the Inland Waterways Corporation;
(16) the Alaska Railroad;

(17) the Virgin Islands Corporation;
(18) the Central Intelligence Agency;
(19) the Atomic Energy Commission;
(20) production credit corporations:
(21) Federal intermediate credit banks;
(22) the Panama Railroad Company;

(23) teachers, schools officers, and members of the Police and Fire Departments of the Panama Canal whose rates of compensation are fixed by the Governor of the Panama Canal with reference to the rates of compensation for similar positions in the municipal government of the District of Columbia;

(24) employees who serve without compensation or at nominal rates of compensation;

(25) employees, none or only part of whose compensation is paid from appropriated funds of the United States: Provided, That with respect to the Veterans Canteen Service in the Veterans' Administration, the provisions of this paragraph shall be applicable only to those positions which are exempt from the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, pursuant to Public Law 636, Seventy-ninth Congress, approved August 7, 1946, as amended;

(26) employees whose compensation is fixed under a cooperative agreement between the United States and (A) a State, Territory, or possession

of the United States, or political subdivision thereof, or (B) a person or organization outside the service of the Federal Government;

(27) student nurses, student dietitians, student physical therapists, student occupational therapists, and other student employees, assigned or attached to a hospital, clinic, or laboratory primarily for training purposes, whose compensation is fixed under Public Law 330, Eightieth Congress, approved August 4, 1947, or section 14 (b) of Public Law 293, Seventy-ninth Congress, approved January 3, 1946, as amended by Public Law 722, Eightieth Congress, approved June 19, 1948;

(28) inmates, patients, or beneficiaries receiving care or treatment or living in Government agencies or institutions;

(29) experts or consultants, when employed temporarily or intermittently in accordance with section 15 of Public Law 600, Seventy-ninth Congress, approved August 2, 1946 ;

(30) emergency or seasonal employees whose employment is of uncertain or purely temporary duration, or who are employed for brief periods at intervals;

(31) persons employed on a fee, contract, or piecework basis;

(32) persons who many lawfully perform their duties concurrently with their private profession, business, or other employment, and whose duties require only a portion of their time, where it is impracticable to ascertain or anticipate the proportion of time devoted to the service of the Federal Government;

(33) positions for which rates of basic compensation are individually fixed, or expressely authorized to be fixed, by any other law, at or in excess of the maximum scheduled rate of the highest grade established by this Act; (34) employees or positions in the Office of the Architect of the Capitol whose compensation is fixed by any other law; and

(35) the classes of employees, whose compensation is authorized by section 3 of the Legislative Pay Act of 1929, as amended (46 Stat. 38; 55 Stat. 615), to be fixed by the Architect of the Capitol.

SEC. 204. The Commission is authorized and directed to determine finally the applicability of sections 202 and 203 of this Act to specific positions and employees.

TITLE III-SCIENTIFIC AND PROFESSIONAL SCHEDULE; CONVERSION SCIENTIFIC AND PROFESSIONAL SCHEDULE

SEC. 301. (a) There is established a basic compensation schedule for scientific, professional, technological, and research and development positions subject to this Act which shall be known as the "Scientific and Professional Schedule" and for which the symbol shall be "SPS". Except as provided in section 302 (a) (4) and section 503 of this Act, basic compensation shall be paid to each employee in a position subject to this Act in accordance with this schedule, which follows:

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CONVERSION

SEC. 302. (a) Each position placed in the Scientific and Professional Schedule in the manner provided by this Act shall be allocated, effective on the date such position is so placed, to a grade of such schedule, as follows:

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(b) The rate of basic salary of each employee, without regard to the amendment made by section 104 of the Act of September 1, 1954 (68 Stat. 1106; 5 U. S. C., sec. 1132), in effect immediately prior to the date on which his position is placed in the Scientific and Professional Schedule and allocated to a grade of such schedule in the manner provided by this Act shall be adjusted, effective on such date, to the per annum basic salary rate for that step of such grade which corresponds numerically to the within-grade salary step-rate of the grade of the General Schedule of the Classification Act of 1949 (63 Stat. 594), as amended, in effect for such position immediately prior to such date, as though the amendment made by such section 104 had not been enacted. Any increase in the rate of any grade of such General Schedule established by the Commission for a given classification under authority of such amendment shall be excluded in such adjustment of the rate of basic salary and such adjustment shall be made on the basis of the completion by each employee of the number of calendar weeks of service in his position in a grade of the General Schedule as provided by section 701 of the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, without regard to any such increase established by the Commission.

(c) Each employee whose basic salary is paid under the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, and who on or prior to the date on which his position is placed in the Scientific and Professional Schedule and allocated to a grade therein in the manner provided by this Act shall have earned (or would have earned except for the establishment by the Commission of an increased rate with respect to his position in the manner provided by the amendment made by section 104 of the Act of September 1, 1954), but shall not have been credited with, a higher withingrade step-increase under the Classification Act of 1949 for such position shall be given credit for such higher within-grade step-increase before his base salary is adjusted in the manner provided by subsection (b) of this section.

(d) Each longevity step-increase which has been earned by an employee prior to the date on which his position is placed in the Scientific and Professional Schedule and allocated to a grade of such schedule in the manner provided by this Act shall be adjusted, effective on such date, to the amount of the longevity step-increase for that longevity step of such grade which corresponds numerically to the longevity step-increase rate of the longevity step-increase rate of the General Schedule of the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, in effect for such position immediately prior to such date, and each such adjusted longevity step-increase shall become a part of the basic compensation of such employee and shall constitute a longevity step-increase under section 503 of this Act.

(e) The placing of any position in the Scientific and Professional Schedule, the allocation of such position to any grade or per annum salary rate of such schedule, and the initial adjustment in the annual rate of compensation of such position, in the manner provided by this section, shall not be construed to be a transfer or promotion within the meaning of section 602 (b) of this Act. (f) For purposes of this section

(1) each position subject to this Act which is placed in the Scientific and Professional Schedule in the manner provided by this Act and for which the rate of compensation is fixed, immediately prior to the date such position is so placed, by any provision of law other than the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, shall be held and considered to be in that grade of the General

Schedule of the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, determined by the Commission to be appropriate on the basis of a comparison of the level of the duties, responsibilities, and qualification requirements of such position and of other positions which shall have been placed in the Scientific and Professional Schedule prior to such date or are to be placed in such schedule on such date, and

(2) such prior rate of compensation shall be held and considered to be (A) that within-grade salary step-rate of the appropriate grade determined by the Commission in the manner provided by paragraph (1) of this subsection which is equal thereto in amount or, (B) if there is no such equal step-rate, the next higher within-grade salary step-rate of such grade, except that the rate of basic compensation of the incumbent in a position placed in the Scientific and Professional Schedule in the manner provided by this Act shall not be reduced by operation of this subsection so long as such incumbent remains in such position.

TITLE IV-POSITIONS PLACED IN SCIENTIFIC AND

PROFESSIONAL SCHEDULE

SEC. 401. (a) Not earlier than the first day of the second pay period which begins after the effective date of this Act, and not later than the first day of the first pay period which begins more than two months after such effective date, there shall be placed in the Scientific and Professional Schedule

(1) all positions for which rates of compensation are fixed, immediately before the effective date of this Act, under and in the manner provided by Public Law 313, Eightieth Congress, and Public Law 167, Eighty-first Congress, as amended;

(2) all positions of physicians, dentists, and registered nurses in the Department of Medicine and Surgery in the Veterans' Administration for which rates of compensation are fixed, immediately before the effective date of this Act, in the manner provided by the Act of January 3, 1946, (59 Stat. 675; 38 U. S. C., sec. 15);

(3) all positions in the Public Health Service provided for by section 208 (g) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U. S. C., sec. 210 (g));

(4) all positions in the Department of Agriculture provided for by the Act of April 24, 1948 (62 Stat. 198; 21 U. S. C., sec. 113a);

(5) all positions of medical or dental internes or residents-in-training assigned or attached to a hospital, clinic, or laboratory in or under any department; and

(6) all positions which are scientific, professional, technological, or research and development in nature and require professional qualifications, in accordance with the purpose of this Act, for which the rates of compensation are fixed, immediately prior to the effective date of this Act, by the General Schedule of the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, and which at such time are included by the Commission in any classification series as follows:

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