A wharf has been built in the northern part of the cove, close under a high point. The depths alongside increase from 15 feet (4.6 m.) at mean lower low water at the inner end of the loading face, to 24 feet (7.3 m.) at the outer end. Vessels moor alongside the wharf and load yellow cedar logs.

Caution. There is a rock with least depth of 812 feet (2.6 m.) at low water, 200 feet off the inner end of the dock. It is usually marked by kelp.

Water in limited quantities is piped to the dock.

Anchorage may be had slightly to the westward of the center of of the cove, in 10 fathoms (18.3 m.), sand bottom. Small craft may anchor closer to the Heads where better protection is afforded against the northwest winds which sweep with considerable force through the depression at the head of the cove. Two rocks, awash at high tide, lie near the western side of the cove, near the Heads.

Port Orford is a small town situated on the cove. It is noted chiefly as being the home of the famous Port Orford yellow cedar. Communication is by stage and telephone.

In approaching Port Orford at night, a few lights in the village usually will be seen.

Klooqueh Rock, 60 feet (18.3 m.) high, black and conical, lies 1/3 mile off the northwest face of Port Orford Head. It is prominent, especially when coming from the northward inside Orford Reef.

About midway between Klooqueh Rock and the Heads, but slightly nearer the Heads, is a small rock, awash at high water.

From Port Orford Head to Cape Blanco, 611⁄2 miles, the coast extends in a general northwest direction. Northward of the head it is a narrow sand ridge, rising at one point to 160 feet (49 m.), covered with grass, fern, and brush, and which ends abruptly nearly 3 miles from Port Orford Head at the edge of the Elk River Valley. Northward of this are sand dunes to the mouth of Elk River, a small, unimportant stream. Beyond the mouth of Elk River to Cape Blanco the coast consists of vertical cliffs, wooded to the edges and in some places over 150 feet (46 m.) high.

Orford Reef is composed of a group of irregular rocks and sunken ledges, about 21⁄2 miles long by 112 miles wide, extending in a north and south direction. The northernmost limit of the reef is about 211⁄2 miles southward from Cape Blanco Lighthouse, and the southernmost limit lies about 52 miles westward from the western head of Port Orford. A channel 2 miles wide leads eastward of the reef following the general trend of the coast, but at its northern end where it turns westward is contracted to 1 mile by the reef extending southward and westward from Cape Blanco. This channel is much used in clear weather, but should not be attempted when thick. There is considerable kelp eastward of and inside the reef. Orford Reef gas, whistle, and submarine bell buoy is located 114 miles 218° true (S. by W. 12 W. mag.) from Fox Island. This buoy is the guide for clearing the reef.

Fox and Southeast Black Rocks, a little over 114 miles apart, are the two southernmost rocks of Orford Reef. The former is about 10 feet (3.0 m.) high, and lies 534 miles 291° true (W. mag.) from Port Orford Head; the latter is 12 feet (3.7 m.) high and lies

13 miles 93° true (ENE. 3 E. mag.) from Fox Rock, with a heavy break about 1/4 mile west-northwestward from it.

Steamboat, West Conical, and Arch (Fin) rocks are the prominent ones in the southern part of Orford Reef, and extend in a general north-northeast direction about 1/4 mile apart.

Steamboat Rock is so named on account of its appearance from northward or southward.

West Conical Rock, 112 feet (34 m.) high, is so named on account of its shape, the highest point being on the northwest side. Arch or Fin Rock is 149 feet (45 m.) high, with steep sides and a large, square arch visible from southward or southwestward. It is the inshore rock of the three.

Conical White Rock, 81 feet (24.7 m.) high, is nearly in the middle of Orford Reef, and a little over 1/4 mile northward from Arch Rock.

Table Rock, 147 feet (45 m.) high, is the largest of the northern group of rocks. Foul ground extends from it southward and eastward for nearly 3 mile, and for 34 mile northward in the direction of Cape Blanco. The northernmost part of this danger lies 1 mile 92° true (ENE. % E. mag.) from Northwest Rock with the eastern edge of Seal Rock in range with Arch Rock; Klooqueh Rock is also in range with Tichenor Rock off Port Orford Head.

Seal Rock, 53 feet (16.2 m.) high, is large and lies 1/4 mile about southeastward from Table Rock. Long Brown Rock, 70 feet (21.3 m.) high, lies nearly 11⁄2 mile westward of Table Rock. Large Brown Rock lies midway between and a little northward of them. Square White Rock, 72 feet (21.9 m.) high, lies about 11⁄2 mile westward from Seal Rock, with Round Rock midway between and a little northward of them. Between these rocks are numerous smaller ones, some sunken and some visible.

Northwest Rock, 20 feet (6.1 m.) high, the northwesternmost rock of the reef, lies 3 miles 226° true (SSW. 14 W. mag.) from Cape Blanco Lighthouse.

Blanco Reef extends about 11⁄2 miles southwestward from Cape Blanco, and consists of numerous rocks and sunken ledges, some of which are marked by kelp. Pyramid Rock, 80 feet (24.4 m.) high, lies nearly 1 mile 260° true (SW. by W. 14 W. mag.) from the lighthouse. There are no visible rocks outside of it, but several between it and the cape. A narrow, black rock, 125 yards long, lies 5% mile 176° true (SSE. 14 E. mag.) from Pyramid Rock. A rock with 13 feet (4.0 m.) over it lies a little over 34 mile 201° true (S. mag.) from Pyramid Rock, and 11⁄2 miles 234° true (SW. by S. mag.) from the lighthouse. This is, as far as known, the outermost rock of the reef. A rock, with 18 feet (5.5 m.) over it, lies 7% mile 195° true (S. 12 E. mag.) from the lighthouse; it is well marked by kelp. Cape Blanco projects about 111⁄2 miles from the general trend of the coast. It is a small, bare table-land, terminating seaward in a cliff 225 feet (69 m.) high, with lowland behind it. A large, high rock lies close under the south side of the cape. From seaward the cape is not prominent, but from northward or southward appears. like a moderately low, bluff islet.

Cape Blanco Lighthouse, a white conical tower, is situated about in the center of the flat part of the cape. The light is group occult

ing white (eclipse 2 seconds, light 3 seconds, eclipse 2 seconds, light 13 seconds), 245 feet (75 m.) above the water, and visible 22 miles.

A radio fog signal has been installed at the light. It sounds groups of 1 dash and 1 dot for 60 seconds, and is silent 30 seconds. The station does not maintain radio communication service.

COAST FROM CAPE BLANCO TO COLUMBIA RIVER ENTRANCE

From Cape Blanco to the Columbia River, 208 miles, the coast is remarkably straight, trending in a general N. by W. mag. direction. It differs considerably from that southward. The coast mountains are much lower, the difference being more marked by the high mountains inland. The shore consists of high, yellow sand dunes and cliffs, broken by bold, rocky headlands of moderate height and backed by low, pine-covered hills. There are few outlying dangers or islands, the farthest offshore being at Coquille River, Cape Arago, and Tillamook Rock.

From Cape Blanco to Cape Kiwanda, a distance of 147 miles, the coast is only partially surveyed, and the shores should be given a berth of at least two miles.

Cape Blanco and Blanco Reef are described above.

Gull Rock, 118 feet (36 m.) high, lies 1 mile northward from Cape Blanco Lighthouse, with sunken rocks surrounding it and between it and the beach. Its seaward face is black and rugged, and the summit of the rock is marked by two knobs, the higher at its southern part.

Castle Rock, 188 feet (57 m.) high, lies 111⁄2 miles northward from Cape Blanco Lighthouse, about 300 yards offshore and abreast the mouth of Sixes River. It rises abruptly from the sea and is readily made out from seaward at a distance of 10 miles. Several low rocks and sunken ledges surround it, the farthest outlying rock being about 350 yards southwestward.

Blacklock Point is a precipitous rocky point 212 miles northward from Cape Blanco. The cliff is about 190 feet (58 m.) high, with a sharp, high point, bordered by rocks, stretching out nearly 300 yards. A narrow, curved line of rocks, some of which are from 80 to 100 feet (24.4 to 30.5 m.) high, extends west-southwestward from the point for 34 mile. Tower Rock, 126 feet (38 m.) high, is the principal one and lies nearly 700 yards west-southwestward from the point. The Three Sisters mark the outer end of the reef; two of them are about 40 feet (12.2 m.) high and pyramidal in shape.

A sunken rock having a depth of 10 feet (3 m.) at low water, is reported to exist about 14 miles west-northwestward from Blacklock Point. The entire stretch of coast from Cape Blanco to the Coquille River is unsurveyed (1925) and should be given a wide berth.

From Blacklock Point the shore continues rocky with cliffs gradually decreasing in height for 111⁄2 miles. Thence for 11 miles is a broad sandy beach backed by sand dunes and long narrow lakes. The tree line is at an average distance of 1/4 mile from the sea. From the end of the sand beach to the mouth of the Coquille River, 3 miles, the shore is again rocky cliffs from 40 to 80 feet (12.2 to 24.4 m.) high, with a number of outlying rocks reaching 11⁄2 mile

from shore and sunken dangers extending 15% miles westward from Coquille Point. The land behind this stretch of coast is comparatively flat and wooded, rising to heights of 1,000 feet (305 m.) in 22 to 3 miles.

Coquille River and Coquille River Lighthouse are described under a separate heading on page 152.

From the entrance to Coquille River the sand dunes extend northward for 4 miles and are then succeeded by cliffs.

Five Mile Point, 6 miles northward from the river, is a projecting rocky cliff about 60 feet (18.3 m.) high, with a cluster of rocks 10 to 40 feet (3 to 12.2 m.) high extending more than 1/4 mile offshore.

Northward of Five Mile Point the coast consists of cliffs, 40 to 80 feet (12.2 to 24.4 m.) high, which 2 miles southward of Cape Arago increase to heights of 100 to 250 feet (30.5 to 76 m.), heavily wooded, and cut by seven or more deep gulches, locally known as the Seven Devils, from the rough coast trail leading around and over them. Numerous rocks of varying shapes and sizes border the beach.

South Cove, immediately under the southern point of Cape Arago, is a small contracted anchorage available in summer for small vessels with local knowledge.

Cape Arago, 29 miles northward from Cape Blanco, is an irregular, jagged point projecting about 1 mile from the general trend of the coast. There are no high mountains immediately behind it and it is conspicuous only when the mountains in the interior are obscured. The seaward face of the cape is 211⁄2 miles long north and south is a narrow sparsely wooded tableland 50 feet (15.2 m.) high with rugged and broken cliffs and outlying rocks of the same height which formerly were part of it. Immediately off the cape are reefs extending northwestward for about 1 mile. A small cove near the northern end, inside the reefs, is sometimes used by very small vessels with local knowledge.

Cape Arago Lighthouse, a white frame tower, is situated 21/2 miles northward of the cape on a rocky partially wooded island close inshore. The light is group flashing white (flash 0.4 second, eclipse 3.6 seconds, flash 0.4 second, eclipse 3.6 seconds, flash 0.4 second, eclipse 11.6 seconds) 100 feet (30.5 m.) above the water and visible 16 miles. The fog signal is an air siren (blast 5 seconds, silent 12 seconds, blast 3 seconds, silent 40 seconds).

Baltimore Rock, with 11 feet (3.4 m.) over it, lies 5 mile 333° true (NW. % W. mag.) from the lighthouse and generally shows a breaker. It is the outermost detached rock of a sunken ledge extending northwestward from the lighthouse island and has 7 fathoms (12.8 m.) of water close around it. It is marked by a bell buoy placed about 200 yards northwestward from it.

Coos Head, 220 feet (67 m.) high, is the southern point at the entrance to Coos Bay and lies 134 miles northeastward from Cape Arago Lighthouse. The cliffs are about 100 feet (30.5 m.) high and terminate in several small rocky points with sand beaches between them.

Coos Bay is described under a separate heading on page 154.

From Coos Bay to Heceta Head, about 48 miles, the coast consists of sand dunes backed by moderately low wooded hills. In the north

ern portion the dunes are quite high and conspicuous from contrast with the dark trees with which they are partly covered. Back of these wooded dunes are a number of lakes drained by small creeks through the sand beach. This stretch of coast is broken by several streams, the principal ones being the Umpqua and Siuslaw Rivers, which are described under separate headings.

Umpqua River Lighthouse is described on page 158.

Heceta Bank lies 70 miles 350° true (NNW. 34 W. mag.) from Cape Blanco, about 30 miles offshore, and covers an irregular area about 30 miles long and 10 miles wide. The least water found so far is 43 fathoms (79 m.), but the soundings are irregular. Northward and southward of the bank the depths are considerably greater.

Heceta Head lies 281⁄2 miles 7 true (N. by W. 3% W. mag.) from Umpqua River Lighthouse. The seaward face is 21/2 miles long, with nearly vertical cliffs from 100 to 200 feet (30.5 to 61 m.) high. The summit of the head reaches an elevation of 1,000 feet (305 m.) in 11⁄2 mile from the cliffs and is covered with grass and a few pines. A sharp, black, conical rock, 180 feet (55 m.) high, marks the extreme western and northern part of the head and is easily made out from either northward or southward.

Heceta Head Lighthouse is a white conical tower on a bench cut in the high bluff near the western extremity. The light is flashing white (flash 8 seconds, eclipse 52 seconds), 205 feet (62 m.) above the water, and visible 21 miles. Vessels from northward will not make out the tower or buildings until abreast the station, as they are shut out by the high bluff northward.

Cox Rock, 100 feet (30.5 m.) high, conical in shape and usually white on top with bird droppings, lies close under the southern part of the head.

From Heceta Head to Cape Perpetua, 9 miles, the coast consists of high, broken, rocky cliffs, with the exception of the first 2 miles, where it is much lower and formed by sloping, sandy cliffs backed by a strip of clear land. The hills behind reach an elevation of over 800 feet (244 m.) in less than 1/2 mile from the beach and are heavily wooded, showing in many places large areas of burnt timber still standing.

Ten Mile Creek, 5 miles northward of Heceta Head, is marked. by a sand beach about 1/4 mile long at its mouth.

Cape Perpetua lies 9 miles northward from Heceta Head and consists of two projecting points; the northern one is the bolder and reaches a height of 800 feet (244 m.) a short distance from the beach and 1,000 feet (305 m.) in about 34 mile. The rocky cliff forming the face of the northern point is reddish in color, with a few rocks, awash at low water, close under its face.

Yachats Creek, navigable only for canoes, breaks through the coast hills immediately northward from Cape Perpetua.

The coast northward of Cape Perpetua for 211⁄2 miles consists of cliffs, 15 to 30 feet (4.6 to 9.1 m.) high, with a narrow strip of grassy land 1/4 to 1 mile wide behind them. Thence for 512 miles are low bluffs with a broad sand beach in front and comparatively low wooded country behind them to Alsea Bay.

Cannibal Peak, 2,852 feet (869 m.) high, lies about 11 miles northeastward from the mouth of Alsea Bay. It is flat-topped, covered with dead trees, and presents a whitish appearance.