Supplies.-Water and limited amounts of provisions are obtain

able.

Repairs.-Minor repairs only can be made. Carpenters are available and small machine work can be handled at the mills.

A Coast Guard station is located on the east bank, 1/2 mile south of Cannery Hill. The lookout station is on Cannery Hill.

Communication is by rail to the interior. There are telegraph and telephone connections.

Directions.-No directions that would be of value to a stranger can be given. With a smooth bar, vessels drawing 10 feet (3.0 m.) may enter at high water and follow the chart to Florence. If desiring to proceed above that point, a pilot should be employed.

YAQUINA BAY

(chart 6058) has its entrance 311⁄2 miles southward of Yaquina Head Lighthouse. It is a tidal estuary, the bay proper being only the widening of the Yaquina River just inside the entrance.

The north point at the entrance is a rounding, sandy bluff, 120 feet (36.6 m.) high; the old lighthouse tower, situated at the extremity, and the hotels and cottages northward of it, are prominent as day marks. The south point is a low sand beach backed by sand dunes rising to 150 feet (45.7 m.).

The entrance has been improved by the Government by building jetties out from the north and south entrance points, and several rocky patches between the ends of the jetties have been removed to 18 feet (5.5 m.) at mean lower low water. In 1925 there was a least depth of 16 feet (4.9 m.) in the buoyed channel over the ocean bar, 22 feet (6.7 m.) to Newport, and 19 feet (5.8 m.) to Yaquina City. The entrance is also marked by a lighted range (both lights fixed white).

In 1925 there was also a channel at the entrance with least depths of 19 feet (5.8 m.) bearing nearly south (true) from a point 200 yards off the south jetty. This channel is unmarked and is not recommended to strangers.

The maximum draft to which vessels are loaded in Yaquina Bay (1925) is 17 feet (5.2 m.). A smooth bar is necessary for this draft. During the summer months, when the swell is roughly parallel to the coast, the bar is comparatively smooth, being partially sheltered by Yaquina Head. In winter, however, the heavy westerly swell renders it generally too rough to be crossed with safety.

Yaquina Reef, a ridge of hard sand and rock, with depths of 7 to 12 feet (2.1 to 3.7 m.) lies 1/2 mile off the entrance, extending parallel to the shores, a distance of 112 miles.

South Reef is a southerly continuation of Yaquina Reef, the two being separated by a deep-water channel. A black buoy marking the southern end of Yaquina Reef is the guide for this channel.

Yaquina Head Lighthouse and a whistling buoy, placed 134 miles southwestward of the north entrance point, are the guides for making the entrance.

The river has been improved to Toledo, 11 miles above the entrance, by dredging wherever necessary to produce a channel 150

feet wide and 10 feet (3 m.) deep at mean lower low water. This channel is well marked by aids, a number of which are lighted.

Above Toledo to the head of navigation the controlling depth is 2 feet (0.6 m.) at mean lower low water.

Newport, just inside the north entrance point, is the principal town on the river. It is a port of entry. Newport is of importance principally as a summer resort, although there is some halibut fishing, the catch being shipped by rail. Considerable lumber is now shipped from Newport. It is barged down from upriver mills and loaded on the lumber schooners at the wharves in Newport.

Yaquina, about 311⁄2 miles above the entrance, is a small settlement, the terminus of a railroad extending into the interior. Otherwise, it is of no commercial importance. A steamer carrying freight and passengers makes regular trips between Yaquina City and Newport, making connections with trains at the former point.

Toledo, 11 miles above the entrance, ships some lumber by both water and rail. The wharves have 10 to 12 feet (3 to 3.7 m.) at low water. There is an extensive spruce mill here.

Anchorage. No regulations are prescribed. Vessels choose anchorage in the channel at points suited to the draft.

Pilots and towboats.-Licensed pilots are available and can be obtained by signaling the Coast Guard station on the hill at the north point of the entrance. The local mill company has a towboat that is available at times, but it can not be depended on.

A Coast Guard station is located at Newport. The lookout station is the old lighthouse on the top of the hill near the end of the north entrance point.

A customs officer is stationed at Newport.

Supplies. Fresh water, gasoline, distillate, and provisions can be obtained.

Repairs. There are no facilities for making repairs.

Storm signals are displayed by local interests from the boat landing of the Newport water front.

Communication is by rail to the interior, and by irregular coasting vessels to Astoria. There is a good highway to the interior, but none north or south. There is communication by telegraph and telephone. Directions. No directions that would be of value to a stranger can be given. Strangers desiring to enter or to ascend the river should employ a man with local knowledge. At the entrance the buoys can not be relied upon as indicating the best water, and in the river the depths are subject to frequent change.

TILLAMOOK BAY

(chart 6112) has its entrance about 42 miles southward from the Columbia River, 221⁄2 miles southward from Tillamook Rock Lighthouse, and 5 miles northward from Cape Meares Lighthouse. The bay is about 6 miles long and 3 miles wide, with a tidal area of about 13 square miles, the greater part of which, at low tide, presents a succession of sand and mud flats traversed by three principal channels which, although of fair depth near the entrance, gradually shoal toward the head of the bay.

The country tributary to the bay is devoted chiefly to farming and dairying; the shipments consist of these farm and dairy products, lumber and fish. General merchandise is received.

Kincheloe Point, the south point at the entrance, is low and sandy. The north point at the entrance is the southern termination of a high, wooded ridge lying between the bay and the Nehalem River. Green Hill, at the entrance opposite Kincheloe Point, is a spur from this ridge, terminating in a bluff, rounding point; it is bare of trees, but is covered with ferns and grass, and is a prominent feature in recognizing the entrance. A number of rocks lie. close inshore northwestward of the point. There is a 7-foot (2.1 m.) rock about 360 yards, 255° true from Green Hill.

The Sow and Pigs, a ledge of small extent and bare at half tide, lies in the entrance, 3 mile eastward from the end of Kincheloe Point and 400 yards off the north shore. This ledge is dangerous when entering with a flood tide, as the current sets toward it. The largest rock of the ledge is marked by a day beacon.

The entrance has been improved by the Government by the construction of a jetty extending 1,900 yards in a westerly direction from the northern entrance point.

In June, 1925, there was a least depth of 18 feet (5.5 m.) over the ocean bar, and a channel with depths of 20 to 48 feet (6.1 to 14.6 m.) along the jetty to the bay. The entrance is marked by a whistling buoy placed 3/4 mile southwestward from the end of the jetty. The outer portion of the jetty is submerged. It is marked by a black buoy placed off its end.

Inside the entrance the bay is traversed by three principal channels, the Bay City Channel, the Main Channel, and the South Channel. Of the three, the Main Channel is the only one of any present commercial importance.

Hoquarten Slough, a continuation of the Main Channel, is a narrow, crooked waterway leading from the head of the bay to the town of Tillamook. It has ample depths for any vessels which can pass through the channels in the bay, but it is so crooked that vessels over 100 feet long have difficulty in rounding the bends.

The Main Channel, formerly improved by dredging, has shoaled badly and now has a controlling depth of about 7 feet (2.1 m.) at mean lower low water. A depth of 6 feet (1.8 m.) is maintained in the channel connecting it with Bay City. This crossover is marked by a fixed red light.

Above the limits of this dredged area, the Main Channel and Hoquarten Slough have been improved as far as Tillamook by the construction of dikes, the removal of snags, and by dredging in places, resulting in a channel with a least width of 60 feet, and a least depth of 4 feet (1.2 m.) at mean lower low water. Vessels drawing 9 feet (2.7 m.) (if not over 100 feet long) can reach Tillamook at high tide.

During freshets snags are carried into the upper portion of the bay, where they form a menace to navigation.

Tillamook, on Hoquarten Slough, is the principal town on the bay. It is the distributing center for a rich farming and dairying section and has communication by rail to Portland. There is but little water-borne commerce here.

Bay City, about midway of the eastern shore of the bay, has a cannery and sawmill. There is a controlling depth of about 7 feet (2.1 m.) at mean lower low water to Bay City.

Hobsonville, a small settlement on the point 11⁄2 miles northwestward of Bay City, has a sawmill, but is of no present commercial importance.

Garibaldi, on the north shore, 11⁄2 mile inside the entrance, is a summer resort. There is a wharf built out to 5 feet (1.5 m.). From Garibaldi northward the beach is thickly lined with summer hotels and cottages.

Miami Cove, 4 mile eastward from Garibaldi, has a large sawmill and a loading dock. A channel has been dredged to this dock. Vessels drawing 15 feet (4.6 m.) can enter the bay and proceed to this wharf by using the channel between the Sow and Pigs Reef and the shore, where there is about 10 feet (3.0 m.) at mean lower low water. A project has been adopted to obtain a least depth of 18 feet (5.5 m.) to Miami Cove and Hobsonville, but as yet no dredging has been done (1925).

Lumber schooners using the bay do not go above Miami Cove. Pilots and towboats.-A pilot can be obtained by making a signal to the Coast Guard station. There are no towboats available.

A Coast Guard station is located on the north shore at the entrance, 11⁄2 mile northwestward from Green Hill. The lookout station is on the jetty about 1,100 yards from its outer end.

Supplies.-Gasoline, distillate, water, provisions, and a limited amount of ship chandlers' stores can be obtained at Tillamook. Repairs. Facilities are limited to carpentry work and minor repairs to launch engines.

Communication is by rail to Portland, and by irregular coasting steamers to the Columbia River or San Francisco. There are telegraph and telephone facilities.

Currents. In the entrance the average central surface velocity of the flood or ebb stream at strength is 3.7 knots.

Directions. No directions that would be of value to a stranger can be given. The bar is subject to change, and inside the entrance the aids to navigation are few, and local knowledge is necessary for following the best water in the channels.

NEHALEM RIVER

(chart 6122) is a small stream which empties 1912 miles northward of Cape Lookout and 17 miles southward of Tillamook Rock Lighthouse. The tidal reach extends to a point about 10 miles from the entrance, above which the river is a mountain stream full of riffles and obstructed by bowlders.

The river constitutes a natural outlet for an extensive area of heavily timbered country. Lumbering and fishing are the principal industries; sawmills and canneries are located at various points on the lower river.

Nehalem Beach, the north point at the entrance, is a narrow sand spit, bare of trees, and with sand dunes of moderate elevation over the northern part. The south side of the entrance is a low, broad sand beach, backed by wooded country rising to elevations of 400 feet (122 m.).

Brighton Beach is a small settlement on the eastern shore, 1 mile inside the entrance. It has a sawmill, with wharf built out to 10 feet (3.0 m.).

Wheeler Heights and Wheeler form one practically continuous town on the south bank of the river, 234 miles above Brighton Beach. There is a salmon cannery and a large sawmill, with 6 to 8 feet (1.8 to 2.4 m.) at the wharf.

Nehalem is a small settlement on the western shore of the river, 111⁄2 miles above Wheeler. It has a cannery with 6 feet (1.8 m.) at the wharf.

The entrance has been improved by the Government by the construction of two jetties, but the depths on the bar and within the bay are not sufficient for coast wise shipping, and all lumber is now shipped out by rail.

In 1925 there was a controlling depth of 8 feet (2.4 m.) at mean lower low water on the ocean bar, 18 feet (5.5 m.) between the jetties and 7 to 8 feet (2.1 to 2.4 m.) to Wheeler.

Communication may be had by rail to Portland and Tillamook. There is no traffic by water at present. There are telegraph and telephone facilities.

Directions.-No directions that would be of value to a stranger can be given. The bar should not be attempted in heavy weather.

COLUMBIA RIVER

(charts 6151, 6152, 6153, 6154, 6155, and 6146) enters the ocean in latitude 46° 15′ north and, with its tributaries, drains a large and productive territory. The lower portion of the river forms the boundary between the States of Oregon and Washington. Below the Cascades, the river flows through a canyon averaging 5 miles in width between the high cliffs on each side; of this width the river occupies about 1 mile, the rest being marsh, low islands, and lowland. Near the mouth the river becomes wider, and in some places is 5 miles across.

This river and its tributaries are navigable by deep-draft ocean steamers to Portland and Vancouver, 98 and 92 miles, respectively, above the mouth, and by light-draft river steamers to Priest Rapids, Wash., and Lewiston, Idaho, 345 and 406 miles, respectively, above the mouth.

The commerce, both foreign and domestic, is extensive. The exports are principally lumber, grain, flour, fruit, fish, and general merchandise; the imports are coal, fuel oil, cement, manufacturers, and general merchandise. There are numerous settlements and landings, but Astoria, on the south bank, 10 miles inside the entrance, and Portland, on the Willamette River, 9 miles from its junction with the Columbia, are the principal shipping points.

Cape Disappointment is described on page 151.

Baker Bay is a shoal, open bight eastward of Cape Disappointment, formed by the cape and the recession of the land northward. Sand Island, low and flat, lies in front of the bay; a channel dredged to a width of 200 feet and a depth of 10 feet (3.0 m.) at mean lower low water lies eastward and northward of the island, and leads to Ilwaco, a small town on the railway extending northward to Willapa