anchor inside the kelp in 3 fathoms (5.5 m.) 3 mile from the beach with San Juan Point bearing 279° true (W. 12 S. mag.).

San Juan Capistrano is a small town 211⁄2 miles inland. It is the location of an old mission founded in 1776. Some of the buildings are still in a fair state of preservation.

From San Juan Point to Newsport Bay, 12 miles, the coast is bold, with rocky cliffs 40 to 100 feet (12.2 to 30.5 m.) high, which are the seaward ends of ridges transverse to the coast, separated by narrow deep valleys. Laguna, a summer resort, lies midway in this stretch.

Santiago Mountain, 5,685 feet (1,733 m.) high, double-headed and dark in contrast with the immediate coast range, is the dominant feature of this part of the coast. It lies 17 miles northwestward of San Juan Point and is visible 80 miles.

Newport Bay is an extensive lagoon which has undergone considerable improvement in recent years. Extensive improvements by Orange County were contemplated in 1925.

A jetty 2,100 feet long has been constructed from the west point of the entrance to the bay. There are depths varying from 7 to 12 feet (2.1 to 3.7 m.) over the bar, and a narrow channel along the jetty into the bay. The entrance is marked by a bell buoy off the end of the jetty and by lights on the inner and outer ends of the jetty. There is a depth of 14 feet (4.3 m.) in the north channel to the railroad drawbridge, and 10 feet (3 m.) in the south channel toward the town. The buoyed channel leads to the west end of the town, approximately 4 miles, where the fishing and yachting flects are anchored.

Storm warning displays are shown by the United States Weather Bureau from a tower at the life-saving station on the high ground just back of the entrance.

Pilots and small towboats may be obtained by signaling the lifesaving station.

Supplies.-Gasoline, water, provisions, and ship chandlery may

be obtained.

Repairs.-There are facilities for repairing launches and small craft only.

Communication.-There is communication by rail, trolley, and motor truck with the interior, also telegraph and telephone facilities. The city of Santa Ana is situated 10 miles back from Newport Bay. Newport pier is no longer used for commercial purposes.

Winds. Severe storms are rare. The prevailing winds are westerly, and heaviest from west and southwest. The anchorage is open, but good holding ground can be had westward of the wharf in 7 fathoms (12.8 m.), sticky bottom, blue mud.

From Newport Bay to Point Fermin, nearly 20 miles, the coast is low with several lagoons in the vicinity of the beach. The country is treeless and has been largely built up in recent years. The towns and resorts along the beach are nearly continuous.

Huntington Beach, about 5 miles northwestward from Newport, is a city of several thousand inhabitants. There is a concrete fishing and pleasure pier, but no landing facilities. The city is identified by the numerous oil derricks most of which are lighted at night by electric lights strung from top to bottom.

Seal Beach is a city about 7 miles northwestward from Huntington Beach. There is a short pleasure pier with a small tower at its outer end, and numerous resort structures along the beach.

A high concrete chimney from a power house at Seal Beach affords an excellent landmark along this section of the coast. It is visible for 15 miles at sea on a clear day.

Long Beach, 6 miles northeastward of Point Fermin, is a city of 140,000 population. Long Beach is easily recognized by a cluster of high office buildings just back of the beach. There are several pleasure and fishing piers extending out beyond the surf line and numerous resort structures along the beach.

Signal Hill rises to a height of 355 feet (108 m.) about 2 miles back from the beach, and is literally covered by oil derricks by which it is readily recognized. Signal Hill is shown on chart 5143 as Los Cerritos.

A deep-water harbor is being constructed at Long Beach, which is described under a separate heading following.

San Pedro Bay and Harbor and Wilmington, now combined under the name of Los Angeles Harbor, are described under a separate heading following.

San Pedro Hill, 1,479 feet (451 m.) high, is a prominent landmark and the distinguishing feature for making San Pedro Bay from eastward or westward. It terminates seaward in steep, rocky cliffs about 60 feet (18.2 m.) high, with several horizontal terraces between them and the summit.

Point Fermin, the southeast extremity of San Pedro Hill, is a bold cliff 100 feet (30.5 m.) high. Point Fermin Lighthouse is a white square tower on dwelling, situated near the end of the point. The light is group occulting white (first eclipse 1 second; light 2 seconds; second eclipse 1 second; light 6 seconds; period 10 seconds), 154 feet (47 m.) above high water and visible 18 miles.

A rock, with 3 feet (0.9 m.) over it, lies 1/4 mile 137° true (SE. by E. 14 E. mag.) from the lighthouse and is marked by a whistling buoy which lies 1/2 mile 150° true (SE. mag.) from the lighthouse.

From Point Fermin the coast trends in a general westerly direction about 61⁄2 miles to Point Vincente, the southwest termination of San Pedro Hill, and forms the northern shore of San Pedro Channel, 17 miles wide, that lies between the mainland and Santa Catalina Island.

Portuguese Bend, a small, unimportant bight, lies 214 miles eastward from Point Vincente. It is used chiefly by fishermen, and a boat landing can be made at times.

Between Point Fermin and Point Vincente the coast is free from outlying dangers and is well marked by kelp.

Point Vincente is a steep rocky cliff, 120 feet (37 m.) high, white and red, with the red predominating. A low, black rock, awash, lies 250 yards southwestward from the point, with kelp extending 100 yards farther. A small, black, pyramidal rock, 25 feet (7.6 m.) high, lies 1 mile eastward from Point Vincente, close inshore.

Point Vincente Lighthouse. There is established on Point Vincente a light (flashing white twice every 20 seconds), 185 feet (56 m.) above high water on a white cylindrical tower 55 feet (16.8 m.) high. The fog signal is a chime whistle operated by compressed air (blast 1 second, silent 2 seconds, blast 4 seconds, silent 53 seconds).

Measured mile.-A measured mile standardization course has been established at Point Vincente. The ranges are marked by beacons on shore which bear 34° 30′ true (N. by E. 5% E. mag.) when in line.

SAN PEDRO BAY AND LOS ANGELES HARBOR

The portion of San Pedro Bay (charts 5143 and 5146) lying just eastward of Point Fermin, which formerly afforded good shelter only in northerly or westerly winds, has been converted into a safe harbor in all weathers by the construction of a breakwater which extends in an easterly direction from the eastern end of Point Fermin for a distance of 1,900 yards, thence in a northeasterly direction a farther distance of 1,800 yards. The outer end of this breakwater is marked by Los Angeles Harbor Lighthouse, a white cylindrical tower. The light is flashing white (flash 1 second, eclipse 14 seconds), 73 feet (22.2 m.) above the water and visible 14 miles; the fog signal is an air siren (blast 2 seconds, silent 2 seconds, blast 2 seconds, silent 24 seconds).

A radio fog signal station has been established at the Los Angeles Harbor Light. The station sounds single dashes for 60 seconds, and is silent 60 seconds.

The sheltered area inside this breakwater is known as the outer harbor, and a depth of 35 feet (10.7 m.) at mean lower low water is maintained to Pier No. 1. The area at the entrance to the dredged channel leading to the inner harbor has been dredged to 35 feet (10.7 m.) at the date of this volume.

The entrance channel, dredged to 30 feet (9.1 m.) at mean lower low water is 550 feet in width to a point just above Reservation Point where it widens to 1,000 feet to the turning basin, which is 1,600 feet in diameter. From the turning basin, channels lead to the east and west basins. The Cerritos Channel, dredged to 32 feet (9.8 m.) at mean lower low water, connects Los Angeles Harbor with Long Beach Harbor. The project has been approved for deepening the main channel to 35 feet (10.7 m.) up to and including the turning basin, and for widening its entrance to 1,000 feet, but this work has not been started (1925).

The channel leading to the west basin is crossed by a 180-foot span bascule railway bridge. The signal for opening this bridge is 1 long blast of the whistle, followed quickly by 1 short and 1 long blast.

Cerritos Channel is crossed by the Badger Avenue bascule bridge with a 229-foot span. The signal for opening this bridge is 1 long blast followed by 1 short blast.

San Pedro and Wilmington are now included within the limits of the city of Los Angeles, and are the port for the city proper. They have extensive traffic, both foreign and coastwise, with ample facilities for the largest vessels on the Pacific, and provision is being made to take care of extensive future increases in traffic. A radio station is located here.

Terminal (formerly Rattlesnake) Island separates Los Angeles inner harbor from San Pedro Bay. The western end of the island has been extensively improved and East San Pedro, opposite

83405°-264

San Pedro, handles a considerable amount of the freight passing through the port.

Fish Harbor, on the south side of terminal near its western end, has been formed by dredging to a depth of 12 feet (3.7 m.) at mean lower low water, and by the construction of a protecting breakwater. This harbor is intended for the use of small fishing craft, and each side of the entrance is marked by a light. The sea wall along the north side of the harbor is lined with canneries and other fishworks. Reservation Point, 40 feet (12.2 m.) high, was formerly Deadmans Island, but is now connected to Terminal Island by jetties and material dredged from the adjacent channels. It forms the eastern entrance point to the inner harbor.

Weldt Rock, with 17 feet (5.2 m.) over it, lies 34 mile 331° true (NW. mag.) from Los Angeles Harbor light. It is marked by a gas and bell buoy situated 100 yards southward of it.

Caution. A small rocky patch with a least depth of 15 feet (4.6 m.) at mean lower low water, lies 280 yards, 215° true (S. by W. 34 W. mag.) from the extreme southern point of Watchorn Basin. The obstruction is in line with the outside face of this terminal. About 100 yards to the northward of this spot is another small rocky patch with a least depth of 14 feet (4.3 m.).

There are rocky spots of 19 and 18 feet (5.8 and 5.5 m.), respectively, 100 yards southward and 150 yards southwestward from the 15-foot (4.6 m.) spot. Caution should be exercised by vessels anchoring near this area.

Inner harbor light and fog signal is located near the pilot lookout station at the southeast corner of Pier No. 1. The light is fixed green, and the fog signal is a siren sounding a blast every 15 seconds, blast 4 seconds in duration.

Anchorage may be had anywhere in the outer harbor except in areas within 1,000 feet of the established pierhead lines. Anchoring or mooring in any channel of the harbor is prohibited unless the vessel be securely moored both fore and aft. Anchoring or mooring in the turning basin is forbidden under all circumstances.

There are 200 acres of anchorage grounds between the 30 foot (9.1 m.) contour and the breakwater, and 300 acres of additional anchorage between the 20 and 30 foot (6.1 and 9.1 m.) contours.

The Santa Ana," a local and exceptional wind of considerable strength from the eastward, is the only wind dangerous to vessels anchored inside the breakwater. With such a wind all small vessels should seek shelter in the inner harbor, but large vessels with good ground tackle will have no difficulty in holding on,

HARBOR FACILITIES

Pilots.-Pilots are usually employed by strangers in entering the inner harbor. Vessels are met outside and, if waiting for a pilot, anchor inside the breakwater. The pilots are in the employ of the city of Los Angeles, and the pilot boat flies the international “P." Any vessel, whether in foreign or domestic trade, whose master has a pilot's license for this port may be brought in by the master without a municipal pilot and without payment of pilotage fees.

All vessels under enrollment and licensed and engaged in coastwise or intercoastal trade between the port of Los Angeles and any

other port of the United States, while under the control and direction of a pilot duly licensed under Federal law, shall, when entering or leaving, or moving from point to point within the port of Los Angeles, be exempt from all pilotage charges, unless a municipal pilot be actually employed.

All other vessels entering or leaving, or moving from point to point within the port of Los Angeles, must be piloted by a municipal pilot and shall pay to the city of Los Angeles the following pilotage charges:

Full pilotage rate of $1 per foot (0.3 m.) deepest draft and 1 cent per net registered ton both upon entering and leaving the port; 50 per cent full pilotage rate is charged, both on entering and leaving the port, in the case of vessels subject to pilot charges that enter the port solely for the purpose of taking on supplies, provided such vessels do not discharge or take on passengers or cargo.

Pilotage must be paid by any vessel under register which enters or purposes to leave the port in charge of any person other than the

master.

The pilotage charge for moving a vessel from point to point within the port is $1 per foot (0.3 m.) of deepest draft.

Towboats.-There are towboats available for any kind of towing. Large vessels navigating the main channel usually have a towboat in attendance to assist in turns and as a guard against sheers.

Quarantine. The quarantine station is located on the west channel of the outer harbor. National regulations are in force. There is no prescribed quarantine anchorage. Vessels undergoing quarantine usually anchor in the outer harbor, where they are boarded while at anchor by the doctor.

Marine hospital.-There is a relief station of the United States Public Health Service at San Pedro.

Steamboat Inspection Service. The office of the local inspector embracing the district from San Diego to Santa Barbara is at 524 Sixth Street, San Pedro.

Supplies.-Fuel oil, water, provisions, and ship chandlery can be had in any quantity. Fuel oil may be had from the oil docks or by barge service. While but few coal-burning vessels now make the port of Los Angeles, arrangements can be made for bunkering in the outer harbor.

Repairs. The port is well equipped with marine repair plants, and repairs of any magnitude can be undertaken. The largest dry dock has a lifting power of 15,000 tons and will accommodate vessels 575 feet in length. There is a depth of 22 feet (6.7 m.) over the blocks at low water. There are no graving docks.

Communications.-Los Angeles Harbor is a port of call for many lines of foreign, intercoastal, and coastwise steamers. There are rail connections with two transcontinental lines, and one standard-gauge electric line. There are complete radio, telegraphic, and telephone facilities.

Regulations for Los Angeles Harbor are prescribed by a board of harbor commissioners. The following are the principal items: Speed limits are prescribed as follows:

Outer harbor, all steam vessels must not exceed 10 nautical miles per hour; motor boats must not exceed 15 nautical miles per hour.