rapidly expanding merchant marine under the domination of Communists. The view should be a sobering one. By the end of the war, this country is certain to have the most powerful merchant marine that ever sailed the seas. That merchant marine will have been built by the expenditure of billions of dollars of the taxpayers' money. It is also likely, on the basis of the present evidence, that this powerful merchant marine will be under the domination of one of the most sinister and un-American groups that ever controlled a labor organization.

The National Maritime Union of America, under Curran's leadership and domination, has toed the Communist Party line through all its changes in recent years.

These ships of the American merchant marine are being supplied with libraries for the seamen to read while at sea. The National Maritime Union's educational department is responsible for the selection of the books. This ship's library contains only a dozen or so volumes. But behold some of the volumes which are in it! There is Earl Browder's "Victory-and After." In addition to this one by the general secretary of the Communist Party of the United States, there is Edgar Snow's "Red Star Over China." Snow is a frank apologist for the Communists of China. Leo Huberman, another Communist, is recognized in this ship's library by the presence of his book, "Man's Worldly Goods." Incidentally, Leo Huberman is director of public relations for the National Maritime Union of America. John Steinbeck's "Grapes of Wrath" is naturally present, as it would be in any Communist's selection. The two Communist authors, Michael Sayres and Albert E. Kahn, are represented by their "Sabotage." "12 Million Black Voices" is Communist Richard Wright's representative; and finally there is a volume called "The Facts Are *" by the notorious George Seldes who has a record of subservience to the Communist Party line which is unsurpassed by any other subversive agent in this country. This ship's library represents only a fraction of the Communist pressure which is put upon the tens of thousands of men who are becoming a part of our merchant marine.

To comprehend the seditious and treasonable possibilities of Joseph Curran and his labor machine, we have only to recall that less than three years ago both of them were playing a leading role in the American Peace Mobilization. Curran himself was on the picket line in front of the White House denouncing lend-lease, convoys, and the "imperialist" war. All of that changed for Curran and his union within a space of hours. It required only the entrance of Russia into the war to transform Curran and his machine into what George Washington called "the impostors of pretended patriotism." A few years ago, there were two schools of isolationism in the United States. One of them suddenly abandoned its isolationism when the United States was attacked, and the other when Russia was attacked. Joseph Curran belonged to the latter school. Curran was a member of the national council of the American Peace Mobilization.

Curran's Communist record is much too long to be given in full in this report. A few of his affiliations will serve to indicate the nature of the whole. We have already pointed out that he was on the national council of the American Peace Mobilization.

When Kenneth Goff, former member of the Young Communist League, appeared as a witness before the Special Committee on Un-American Activities, he presented to the committee his delegate's card to the 8th national convention of the Young Communist League. Joseph Curran's autograph was on this card.

In September 1938, Curran contributed an article to the Champion Labor Monthly, an official organ of the Young Communist League. Together with such notorious fellow travelers as Harry F. Ward and Max Yergan, Joseph Curran was a speaker for the American Youth Congress, the Communist front which has now been largely absorbed by American Youth for Democracy, the new name under which the Young Communist League operates at present.

Curran has also been closely affiliated with the International Workers Order, as writer and speaker. The International Workers Order is a mere adjunct of the Communist Party headed by Russianborn William Weiner, convict for passport fraud, and German-born Max Bedacht, original member of the Communist Party in this country.

The Golden Book of American Friendship with the Soviet Union, another Communist enterprise, was signed by Joseph Curran along with hundreds of other well-known Communists and fellow travelers.

The Progressive Committee to Rebuild the American Labor Party, Communist wing of the American Labor Party, numbered Joseph Curran among its members.

Curran was a featured speaker at the Conference on Constitutional Liberties in America where the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties was founded in 1940. The latter organization, as well as its initiating conference, is an important part of the solar system of the Communist Party's front organizations.

Curran sponsored the American Relief Ship for Spain, one of the several Communist Party front enterprises which raised funds for Loyalist Spain (or rather raised funds for the Communist end of that civil war).

Joseph Curran has also been affiliated with the American League for Peace and Democracy, the Mexican and Spanish American Peoples Congress, the National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights, the Murray Defense Committee, the Citizens Committee to Free Earl Browder, and the Schappes Defense Committee-all of them Communist front organizations.

Sidney Hillman cannot fail to be aware of the Communist record of Joseph Curran.

28

JULIUS EMSPAK

One of the top men in the C. I. O. Political Action Committee is Julius Emspak, secretary-treasurer of the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America (C. I. O.), and in this capacity he was present at a political action conference held at the Hotel Warwick in Philadelphia on July 18, 1943. He is now also the editor of the U. E. News, official organ of the union.

Emspak's record as a Communist is established by his subservience to the line of the Communist Party on numerous issues, by his position of leadership in a Communist-controlled union, and by the Communist character of the U. E. News, official organ of the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America, under his editorship.

It has been estimated that three-fourths of the 570,000 workers in the U. E. R. M. W. A. are employed in defense industries, manufacturing such important war materials as aircraft and marine equipment, parts for tanks and guns, torpedoes, gun-sights, range finders, sound detectors, altimeters, gyroscopes, radio equipment, gauges, aerial cameras, motors, and cartridges. In 1943, the union claimed 970 collective agreements with such important defense manufacturing concerns as Westinghouse Electric with 75,000 employees, General Electric with 120,000 employees, General Motors with 30,000 employees, Radio Corporation of America with 12,000 employees, Fairchild Aerial Camera Co., Liquidometer Corporation, Colt Patent Fire Arms, Phelps Dodge Copper Products, Remington-Rand, Babcock and Wilcox, Electric Dynamic, National Radio Tube, Union Switch and Signal, and U. S. Cartridge Co.

Communist control of the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America has been demonstrated by its activity and by the testimony of competent authority. At its September 1941 convention in Camden, N. J., the organization repudiated a resolution permitting local unions to exclude Communists, Nazis, and Fascists from office. When this resolution was presented to the General Executive Board by James B. Carey, only two of its members supported him. Carey was charged with "red-baiting" and was defeated for the presidency because he refused to back down on the issue. The convention adopted, by a vote of 789 to 377, a motion to bar only those who have been found guilty of "acts against the nation or against the union." Carey's adherents characterized this proposal as a meaningless "straddle," since defendants would thus be judged by a stacked red jury (New York Times, September 6, 1941, p. 16).

Prior to the break between Stalin and Hitler, the Communist leaders in the U. E. R. M. W. A. took the view that the British war effort should not be supported against Hitlerism. Anti-Communist forces in the convention sought to condemn the U. E. News as "Communist," charging that the policy of the paper shifted with the Communist Party line. The policy of the paper was vigorously

defended by Julius Emspak, its editor (New York Times, September 5, 1941, p. 23). Following this fight in which the lines between the Communists and the anti-Communists had been sharply drawn, Julius Emspak was elected as secretary-treasurer, and James J. Matles was chosen as national organizational director, both identified with the Communist wing of the union (New York Times, September 4, 1941, p. 1).

The United Electrical, Radio, and Machine Workers of America, in which Emspak and Matles have been the real directing spirits, grew out of the Steel and Metal Workers Industrial Union, affiliate of the Trade Union Unity League, which has been characterized as under complete Communist control by Attorney General Francis Biddle in his decision on the case of Harry Bridges. Matles was secretary of the metal and machinery division of the Steel and Metal Workers Industrial Union (Labor Unity, December 1934, p. 16). He gave his open support to the Communist Party in 1933 (Daily Worker, November 6, 1933, p. 2). James Lustig, now organizer for district 4 of the U. E. R. M. W. A., was formerly an organizer for the Steel and Metal Workers Industrial Union. He also endorsed the Communist Party in 1933. Among the Communists now occupying leading positions of the U. E. R. M. W. A. are Ruth Young, Neil Brant, William Sentner, Louis Joel, James MacLeish, Fred Keller, Nellie Lederman, Victor Decavitch, Clifford Saunders, Henry Fiering, Arthur Goldstein, Joseph Kress, Dick Neibur, Joseph Garner, Frank Mance, Kermit Kirkendall, Eugene Rinehart, Ernest DeMaio, Abraham J. Isserman, Saul C. Waldbaum, Sam Cantor, Coleman Taylor, Fred Gardner, Fred Hough, Tom Malloy, Logan Burkhart, Theodore Wright, Nick Storko, Mike Petanovich, Robert Logsden, Charles Rivers, James Lerner, William Mauseth, Hilliard Smith, and Steve Adams.

Benjamin Stolberg in his "Story of the C. I. O." wrote that

* * *

in the United Electrical, Radio, and Machine Workers Union * * * where the Stalinists and their allies are in power, they term all opposition disruptive, undemocratic, "Trotskyite," silencing all criticism through frame-ups, steam-roller methods, character assassination, and plain hooliganism in meetings (p. 149). On the basis of evidence submitted to the Special Committee on Un-American Activities, this committee found "Communist leadership entrenched in the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America" (Report, January 3, 1940, p. 13). With the full knowledge of the international officers of the U. E. R. M. W. A. and without public criticism by them, the following officers of the organization endorsed Israel Amter, Communist candidate for Governor of New York State: Anthony Composto, James Tren, Claire Zimmerman, Harold Simon, Alvin Van Arsdale, Victor Teich, Rudolf Grimm, and John Lemarese (Daily Worker, October 27, 1942, p. 5).

With similar frankness, Local 448 of Union City, New Jersey, endorsed the Daily Worker and the Worker, official Communist organs, on November 8, 1943, as "the best labor papers in the country." The letter with clippings showing the publicity given the U. E. R. M. W. A. was published in the Worker of November 28, 1943, page 5. During seven days of the U. E. R. M. W. A. convention, these two papers had given the union 367 inches of space according to a union tabulation. The Worker of September 20, 1942,

page 4, devoted a full page to the convention of the U. E. R. M. W. A. and particularly to its resolution condemning red-baiting as the "chief instrument of Nazi oppression and of the pro-Fascist fifth column of America."

Locals of the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America marched openly in the Communist May Day parades of 1938, 1939, 1940, and 1941, together with the Communist Party, the International Labor Defense, and other organizations in the Communist solar system. On April 17, 1943, page 5, the U. E. News, edited by Julius Emspak, called upon all members to attend the May 2d demonstration in Yankee Stadium, New York City, which took the place of the usual Communist May Day parade and demonstration.

The following news item appearing in the Daily Worker of February 5, 1937, page 4, is typical of U. E. R. M. W. A. personnel:

James Lewis, 22, vice president of District 12 of the United Electrical and Radio Workers and a member of the Communist Party, died late Wednesday night following a pneumonia attack.

Lewis, who was a member of the Young Communist League for 5 years before joining the Communist Party, was an outstanding leader in the Electrical Union. Both Julius Emspak and the organization which he leads have followed with precision the circumlocutions of the Communist Party line. Prior to the signing of the Stalin-Hitler Pact, when the Communist Party was beating the drums for collective security against the Fascist aggressors, James B. Carey, president of the U. E. R. M. W. A., was a delegate to the American Congress for Peace and Democracy, a Communist front advocating collective security, and a member of the national labor committee of the American League for Peace and Democracy, formed at that congress. We have in our files a typical leaflet of Local 1225, U. E. R. M. W. A., calling upon all workers in the industry to participate in the parade of the American League for Peace and Democracy, August 6, 1938, in New York City. Carey also supported organizations with the same aims, such as the Committee for Concerted Peace Efforts, and the Committee for Peace through World Cooperation. There is no doubt that he was expressing the will of the Communist leaders of his organization in so doing.

After Stalin signed his pact with Hitler, the Communist-led Committee to Defend America by Keeping Out of War, the Emergency Peace Mobilization, and later the American Peace Mobilization came forth to oppose the national defense program, lend-lease, conscription, and other "warmongering" efforts. Julius Emspak was a sponsor of the Committee to Defend America by Keeping Out of War (letterhead, August 10, 1940). He later became a member of the national council of the American Peace Mobilization.

The Communist steam roller in the U. E. R. M. W. A. had no trouble in getting the union to perform the same flip-flop. At its seventh convention held at the Hotel Hollenden in Cleveland in September 1940 the 700 delegates heard the war denounced as "imperialist" and as a struggle between two thieves. They were called upon to cooperate with the coming meeting of the Emergency Peace Mobilization in Chicago and with its proposed march on Washington against conscription. The officers' report, signed by Julius Emspak as secretarytreasurer, declared that the Second World War began as the result of "rivalries and national ambitions that had been ripening for more