Division officers are responsible for the training of the personnel under them and the care, cleanliness, and upkeep of all material assigned to their division. OTHER OFFICERS In addition to the officers above noted, the following officers are found on the larger ships: (a) Medical officer in charge of the medical department and the care of all supplies pertaining thereto. Has charge of the care and treatment of the sick and wounded and advises the commanding officer on matters affecting the physical fitness and health of the personnel. Dental officers come under the senior medical officer on board. (b) Supply officer. Has charge of the accounts of the personnel, the purchasing of stores and material for the ship, and of the disbursement of funds in connection with the general operation of the ship. Large ships have an officer of the Supply Corps detailed as disbursing officer, who takes over all the accounts of the personnel. (c) Chaplain.-Chaplains are attached to large ships. They conduct divine service, supervise instruction of those deficient in elementary subjects, and look after the moral welfare of the men. REDRESS OF WRONGS The regulations for the redress of wrongs are as follows: "If a person in the Navy considers himself oppressed by his superior, or observes in him any misconduct, he shall not fail in his respectful bearing toward him, but shall represent such oppression or misconduct to the proper authority. He will be held accountable if his representations are found to be vexatious, frivolous, or false. Any application of redress of wrong shall be made in writing through the immediate commanding officer to the commander in chief of the fleet or squadron, or to the senior officer present, and it shall be the duty of the latter to take such action in the matter as, in his judgment, justice and the good of the service demand." EXERCISE OF AUTHORITY The regulations for the exercise of authority are as follows: (1) "All persons in the Navy are required to obey readily and strictly and to execute promptly the lawful order of their superiors." (2) "Superiors of every grade are forbidden to injure those under their command by tyrannical or capricious conduct or by abusive language. Authority over subordinates is to be exercised with firmness, but with justice and kindness." These articles are of course applicable to petty officers as well as to officers. QUARRELS AND DISTURBANCES The regulation regarding quarrels and disturbances follow: "In the event of a riot or quarrel between persons of the Navy, it shall be the duty of the senior line officer present to suppress the disturbance and, if necessary, to arrest those engaged in it, even though they may be his superior in rank, and all persons belonging to the Navy who may be present shall render prompt assistance and obedience to the officer thus engaged in the restoration of order. Should there be no line officer present, the senior officer of the Navy or of the Marine Corps who may be present shall exercise the same authority and be entitled to the same obedience." The principal parts of the hull of a modern ship are named below, and the location of many of them are shown in the accompanying plates, giving inboard profile and two sections of a typical vessel. (1) The keel.-Usually composed of the outer and inner keel plates, the vertical keel, and the main keelson, with their accompanying angle bars. At its forward end the keel is continued by the stem, which is of great strength, and at its after end by the sternpost, also very strong and arranged to carry the propellers and the rudder. (2) To the keel are attached the frames, which extend transversely, being built up of main bars, floor plates, and reverse bars. At right angles to these frames run longitudinals, also made up of plates and angles. The frames and longitudinals are riveted together where they cross each other. Together they form the skeleton, to which is riveted the outside bottom plating. An inner bottom is fitted on large ships; this extends up to the armor shelf on battleships and to various heights on other vessels. The double bottom extends fore-andaft to a greater or less degree, depending upon the particular type of ship. It is subdivided into small cells by water-tight frames and water-tight longitudi nals, so that the leakage may be reduced to a minimum if the ship's bottom is perforated by touching bottom. In some cases the frames near the bow and stern are spaced more closely than elsewhere to provide local strength, and breasthooks, ram plates, counters, and transoms are fitted for like reasons. (3) Bulkheads are used to subdivide the ship's interior vertically into water-tight compartments for the preservation of buoyancy and stability; nonwater-tight bulkheads are also fitted to provide stowage and living spaces. Incidentally bulkheads provide stiffness and strength to the ship's hull. (4) Decks provide shelter, working spaces, and living quarters; they subdivide the hull horizontally into a still greater number of water-tight compartments. They are important longitudinal strength members, particularly the higher decks that are continuous. Decks are generally of steel and they may or may not be covered with planking or linoleum. Weather decks of large warships are generally planked and calked, but if steel is not first laid under the wood, deck stringers and tie-plates are used. The deck beams are supported by stanchions. To secure accessibility to all parts of the ship, numerous hatches, doors, scuttles, and manholes are provided; these are water-tight when necessary, and the hatches are always fitted for battening down on upper decks. (5) The protective deck is fitted on armored or protected ships and is a steel deck to protect the propelling machinery and other objects below the water line from bombs and high-angle fire. ARMOR (1) A water-line belt of heavy armor, varying in height on different ships, extends from well forward |