as discussed in a preceding paragraph, in which his duties ashore were described.

The navigator is head of the navigation department aboard ship and is responsible for the safe navigation of the ship.

The gunnery officer is the head of the gunnery department aboard ship and is responsible for the entire ordnance equipment aboard and for the proper training of all gun and torpedo crews.

The engineer officer is head of the engineering department and is responsible for all machinery for driving the ship and auxiliary and for training of all men in the engineering department.

The first lieutenant has charge and is responsible for the cleanliness of the ship. He is also partly responsible for the water-tight integrity of the ship, repair and upkeep of boats, and general care and repair of the structural parts of the ship.

Watch and division officers.-These officers have charge of the divisions aboard ship and stand watch as officer of the deck and engineer officers of the watch. They are responsible for the care and upkeep of that part of the ship assigned to their division and for the training of their men.

The senior medical officer is the head of the medical department, has charge of the sick bay, is generally responsible for the health of all hands aboard, and for conditions that make for good health. He has the inspection of the food, sleeping conditions, general cleanliness, proper ventilation, etc.

The dental officer's duties afloat approximate those ashore.

The supply officer has charge of ship's stores, certain equipment, spare parts, the general supplies of food,

clothing, etc., and the disbursement of money, as pay, together with the payment of the proper bills against the ship.

The chaplain is charged with the general religious interests of all hands, has charge of the library, assists in promoting the education of the men, and is interested in their general welfare. He frequently has additional duties with reference to motion pictures and entertainments, and often helps in promoting smokers, parties. and various forms of athletics.

CHAPTER 4

RULES AND REGULATIONS

This chapter and the one next following are of great importance to you. They deal with the principal rules of your military life. Study them carefully and learn to abide by the rules laid down. These rules are based on the Navy Regulations, which are regulations made by the Secretary of the Navy, approved by the President and in accordance with laws passed by Congress. These regulations are no harder than ordinary laws for civil life, but they are strictly enforced.

RULES OF DISCIPLINE

The rules of discipline are

(1) Obey orders cheerfully and willingly.

(2) Obey the last order received from any responsible officer.

(3) Show respect to your seniors at all times.

(4) Obedience to these rules forms a very essential part of your duties, of your daily work, and of what you are paid for. A failure to carry them out will not only result in trouble to yourself, but also will spoil your chances for promotion.

(5) Learn to obey orders promptly, willingly, and completely. Remember that you will soon be a leader and will be giving orders. You will be responsible then to see that those under you obey. You must first learn to be obedient yourself before you can expect to be advanced to a leader of men.

(6) Discipline does not mean short liberties, restrictions of personal conduct, and forced obedience

to all sorts of rules and regulations. It means, rather, self-control, a cheerful obedience to necessary laws and regulations, and a square deal to your fellow men.

RESPECT FOR AUTHORITY

Respect for those placed in authority over you is absolutely essential. To show other than respect, and especially deliberate disrespect for those in authority, is a defiance of authority and one of the most serious offenses of military service.

GOOD BEHAVIOR

The Navy is a profession in which many people spend their entire lives. There is much work to be done, and success in battle, the primary aim in every military organization, necessitates implicit obedience to orders. It necessitates that men be trained to do instinctively everything that must be done in battle when under the fire of the enemy. Briefly, discipline is the habit of obedience by which a man obeys an order naturally and without question, without stopping to consider whether he wants to obey it or not; he must learn to obey simply because the order comes from higher authority. Discipline, therefore, is based upon a respect for authority. It means that you must hold higher in your esteem than anything else the authority that is placed over you. If you are disrespectful to an officer or to a petty officer, your offense lies not so much in the fact that you are disrespectful to him personally as it does in the fact that he temporarily represents the supreme authority, and it is the failure of many enlisted men to grasp this fact that often gets them into trouble. The fact that you may be a good man in your line of work does not overcome the necessity for good

behavior. The Navy differs from civil life. In most jobs ashore all that is required of you is a certain number of hours of good, hard work every day. In the Navy, on the other hand, discipline is necessary for success in battle, and the only object of the Navy is to win battles. Therefore, good behavior and implicit obedience are primarily essential. The Navy can take a good man and train him to do his work properly, but a man is required to take an oath, before enlisting, that he will obey the regulations. Many advantages, such as pay, retirement, and honorable discharges, are based more on good behavior than on skill in any particular duty. The fact is that, whatever your rating, your promotion depends on your excellence in both of these features. If you can not behave, obey the regulations, and comply with your oath, you are unfit to carry out the various work of the service, and the Navy has no time to waste on you.

THE TWOFOLD NATURE OF DUTY IN THE NAVY

When a man enlists in the Navy, no matter what rating, the nature of his duties are twofold. The duties are: First, his military duties, and second, the special duties of the rating in which he enlists.

No matter what his length of service may be or what his rating is, every recruit, every enlisted man, has certain duties of a military nature quite apart from the duties of this rating. These military duties are a part of the military service to which he belongs, and the fact of these military duties can not be too strongly impressed upon each man. Even though the duties of his rating may be such as to reduce the amount of his military duties-for example, to lessen the amount of drill-nevertheless, the military side of the profes