The Philosophy of Biology: An Episodic HistoryCambridge University Press, 2004. 8. 2. Is life different from the non-living? If so, how? And how, in that case, does biology as the study of living things differ from other sciences? These questions are traced through an exploration of episodes in the history of biology and philosophy. The book begins with Aristotle, then moves on to Descartes, comparing his position with that of Harvey. In the eighteenth century the authors consider Buffon and Kant. In the nineteenth century the authors examine the Cuvier-Geoffroy debate, pre-Darwinian geology and natural theology, Darwin and the transition from Darwin to the revival of Mendelism. Two chapters deal with the evolutionary synthesis and such questions as the species problem, the reducibility or otherwise of biology to physics and chemistry, and the problem of biological explanation in terms of function and teleology. The final chapters reflect on the implications of the philosophy of biology for philosophy of science in general. |
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xvii 페이지
... notion of “emboitement,” or preformed encasement, but involves so-called organic molecules and internal molds, as well as special forces that maintain each species; and, finally, Buffon's sense of the uniqueness of the living, which ...
... notion of “emboitement,” or preformed encasement, but involves so-called organic molecules and internal molds, as well as special forces that maintain each species; and, finally, Buffon's sense of the uniqueness of the living, which ...
xviii 페이지
... notion of the “consilience of inductions.” At the same time, a traditional belief in the fixity of species was shaken, in some quarters by the work of Lamarck, but (in Britain at any rate) more shockingly and at a more popular level by ...
... notion of the “consilience of inductions.” At the same time, a traditional belief in the fixity of species was shaken, in some quarters by the work of Lamarck, but (in Britain at any rate) more shockingly and at a more popular level by ...
xix 페이지
... notion of small gradual variations leading slowly and smoothly to new varieties or species. It was the founding of the “evolutionary synthesis” in the 1920s and 1930s, whose history we consider in Chapter 9, that dissolved this seeming ...
... notion of small gradual variations leading slowly and smoothly to new varieties or species. It was the founding of the “evolutionary synthesis” in the 1920s and 1930s, whose history we consider in Chapter 9, that dissolved this seeming ...
xx 페이지
... notion. One question vigorously debated concerns the ontological status of species, again in the wake of evolutionary theory: Are they classes (which, some argue, cannot be altered) or individuals? Further, whatever species are, there ...
... notion. One question vigorously debated concerns the ontological status of species, again in the wake of evolutionary theory: Are they classes (which, some argue, cannot be altered) or individuals? Further, whatever species are, there ...
5 페이지
... notion of the study of “physics” (nature) than has become conventional in modern times. For Aristotle, physics, which in Greek means “things that grow or develop” (phuomena), is the study of any and all beings that have within ...
... notion of the study of “physics” (nature) than has become conventional in modern times. For Aristotle, physics, which in Greek means “things that grow or develop” (phuomena), is the study of any and all beings that have within ...
목차
1 | |
Descartes Harvey and the Emergence of Modern Mechanism | 35 |
Buffon
| 64 |
Kant and the Development of German Biology
| 92 |
A Continental Controversy
| 128 |
British Controversies about Geology and Natural Theology
| 154 |
Darwin | 192 |
Evolution and Heredity from Darwin to the Rise of Genetics | 221 |
The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis and Its Discontents | 247 |
The Species Problem Reducibility Function and Teleology
| 290 |
Biology and Human Nature | 322 |
The Philosophy of Biology and the Philosophy of Science | 348 |
References | 363 |
Index | 393 |
자주 나오는 단어 및 구문
adaptation anatomy argued argument Aristotelian Aristotle Aristotle’s biologists Blumenbach Buffon called causal century Chapter cladists claim classification comparative anatomy Critique CSMK Cuvier Darwin Darwinian Descartes Descartes’s descent Dobzhansky Eldredge environment evolution evolutionary example existence explanation extinct fact final causes forces fossil function G¨ottingen Galton genes genetic genome Geoffroy Geoffroy’s geological Gould Harvey Herschel History of Animals human idea individual Kant Kant’s kind knowledge Lamarck laws Linnaeus living things look Lyell matter Mayr Mayr’s means mechanism mechanistic Mendel Mendelian Modern Evolutionary Synthesis Modern Synthesis molecular natural history natural purposes natural selection naturalists notion objects organisms Origin Origin of Species philosophy of biology philosophy of science physics population presumably principle question reason refer reproduction scientific seems sense sort species concept stress structure substances teleological theory thought tion traits transmutation uniformitarianism unity variation Vries Whewell Whewell’s Wright