The Philosophy of Biology: An Episodic HistoryCambridge University Press, 2004. 8. 2. Is life different from the non-living? If so, how? And how, in that case, does biology as the study of living things differ from other sciences? These questions are traced through an exploration of episodes in the history of biology and philosophy. The book begins with Aristotle, then moves on to Descartes, comparing his position with that of Harvey. In the eighteenth century the authors consider Buffon and Kant. In the nineteenth century the authors examine the Cuvier-Geoffroy debate, pre-Darwinian geology and natural theology, Darwin and the transition from Darwin to the revival of Mendelism. Two chapters deal with the evolutionary synthesis and such questions as the species problem, the reducibility or otherwise of biology to physics and chemistry, and the problem of biological explanation in terms of function and teleology. The final chapters reflect on the implications of the philosophy of biology for philosophy of science in general. |
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... object to that. For unlike both the craft-knowledge they prized and the political-ethical activity of citizens, science is not concerned with particular cases, as doctors and politicians are, with all the uncertainty that attends these ...
... object to that. For unlike both the craft-knowledge they prized and the political-ethical activity of citizens, science is not concerned with particular cases, as doctors and politicians are, with all the uncertainty that attends these ...
7 페이지
... object of scientific knowledge. For scientific knowledge depends on logically necessitated demonstrations from secure first principles, as we have already noted, and Aristotle thinks that only non-incidental changes in the objects of a ...
... object of scientific knowledge. For scientific knowledge depends on logically necessitated demonstrations from secure first principles, as we have already noted, and Aristotle thinks that only non-incidental changes in the objects of a ...
13 페이지
... objects. Animals also oscillate between a waking state of alertness, in which they carry out these higher life functions, and a sleeping state, in which Aristotle thinks they live a plant-like life (Nicomachean Ethics 1102 b 2–12) ...
... objects. Animals also oscillate between a waking state of alertness, in which they carry out these higher life functions, and a sleeping state, in which Aristotle thinks they live a plant-like life (Nicomachean Ethics 1102 b 2–12) ...
14 페이지
... objects concerning which one would be at a loss to determine whether they are animal or plant...In regard to sensibility, some animals give no indication whatsoever of it, while others indicate it, but indistinctly...And so throughout ...
... objects concerning which one would be at a loss to determine whether they are animal or plant...In regard to sensibility, some animals give no indication whatsoever of it, while others indicate it, but indistinctly...And so throughout ...
19 페이지
... object of Aristotle's explanatory biology. If this task can be accomplished without a systematic taxonomy in our modern sense, then so be it. The other reason is that Aristotle seems to have been aware of just how hard it would be to ...
... object of Aristotle's explanatory biology. If this task can be accomplished without a systematic taxonomy in our modern sense, then so be it. The other reason is that Aristotle seems to have been aware of just how hard it would be to ...
목차
1 | |
Descartes Harvey and the Emergence of Modern Mechanism | 35 |
Buffon
| 64 |
Kant and the Development of German Biology
| 92 |
A Continental Controversy
| 128 |
British Controversies about Geology and Natural Theology
| 154 |
Darwin | 192 |
Evolution and Heredity from Darwin to the Rise of Genetics | 221 |
The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis and Its Discontents | 247 |
The Species Problem Reducibility Function and Teleology
| 290 |
Biology and Human Nature | 322 |
The Philosophy of Biology and the Philosophy of Science | 348 |
References | 363 |
Index | 393 |
자주 나오는 단어 및 구문
adaptation anatomy argued argument Aristotelian Aristotle Aristotle’s biologists Blumenbach Buffon called causal century Chapter cladists claim classification comparative anatomy Critique CSMK Cuvier Darwin Darwinian Descartes Descartes’s descent Dobzhansky Eldredge environment evolution evolutionary example existence explanation extinct fact final causes forces fossil function G¨ottingen Galton genes genetic genome Geoffroy Geoffroy’s geological Gould Harvey Herschel History of Animals human idea individual Kant Kant’s kind knowledge Lamarck laws Linnaeus living things look Lyell matter Mayr Mayr’s means mechanism mechanistic Mendel Mendelian Modern Evolutionary Synthesis Modern Synthesis molecular natural history natural purposes natural selection naturalists notion objects organisms Origin Origin of Species philosophy of biology philosophy of science physics population presumably principle question reason refer reproduction scientific seems sense sort species concept stress structure substances teleological theory thought tion traits transmutation uniformitarianism unity variation Vries Whewell Whewell’s Wright