The Philosophy of Biology: An Episodic HistoryCambridge University Press, 2004. 8. 2. Is life different from the non-living? If so, how? And how, in that case, does biology as the study of living things differ from other sciences? These questions are traced through an exploration of episodes in the history of biology and philosophy. The book begins with Aristotle, then moves on to Descartes, comparing his position with that of Harvey. In the eighteenth century the authors consider Buffon and Kant. In the nineteenth century the authors examine the Cuvier-Geoffroy debate, pre-Darwinian geology and natural theology, Darwin and the transition from Darwin to the revival of Mendelism. Two chapters deal with the evolutionary synthesis and such questions as the species problem, the reducibility or otherwise of biology to physics and chemistry, and the problem of biological explanation in terms of function and teleology. The final chapters reflect on the implications of the philosophy of biology for philosophy of science in general. |
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... sort. Here we consider the two major contenders, ¡°etiological¡± or ¡°selected effect¡± functions, and ¡°causal role¡± functions, as well as some variants on them. As the title of our book indicates, the topics we are concerned with have ...
... sort. Here we consider the two major contenders, ¡°etiological¡± or ¡°selected effect¡± functions, and ¡°causal role¡± functions, as well as some variants on them. As the title of our book indicates, the topics we are concerned with have ...
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... sort different from the deliberative wisdom of the citizen-politician [phron ̄esis], but no less focused on how to deal with the contingencies of particular cases) (Nicomachean Ethics 1140 a 1–24). Indeed, Aristotle regarded medicine as ...
... sort different from the deliberative wisdom of the citizen-politician [phron ̄esis], but no less focused on how to deal with the contingencies of particular cases) (Nicomachean Ethics 1140 a 1–24). Indeed, Aristotle regarded medicine as ...
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... sorting through what is plausible and implausible in the views of predecessors. Properly conducted, inquiry of this sort will arrive at principles that are true, primary, immediate, better known than, prior to, and causative of the ...
... sorting through what is plausible and implausible in the views of predecessors. Properly conducted, inquiry of this sort will arrive at principles that are true, primary, immediate, better known than, prior to, and causative of the ...
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... sort by typical Greek standards) (Metaphysics 1026 a 19–20). The sphere of physics, by contrast, is ¡°second philosophy.¡± 2. What happens by nature is also contrasted with what happens by art or craft (techn ̄e). What happens by art ...
... sort by typical Greek standards) (Metaphysics 1026 a 19–20). The sphere of physics, by contrast, is ¡°second philosophy.¡± 2. What happens by nature is also contrasted with what happens by art or craft (techn ̄e). What happens by art ...
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... sorting of chancy events. This tenor in scientific thinking has been made possible by explicit denials of Aristotle's claim that what happens by force, spontaneously, or by coincidence cannot be studied scientifically. Aristotle ...
... sorting of chancy events. This tenor in scientific thinking has been made possible by explicit denials of Aristotle's claim that what happens by force, spontaneously, or by coincidence cannot be studied scientifically. Aristotle ...
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1 | |
Descartes Harvey and the Emergence of Modern Mechanism | 35 |
Buffon
| 64 |
Kant and the Development of German Biology
| 92 |
A Continental Controversy
| 128 |
British Controversies about Geology and Natural Theology
| 154 |
Darwin | 192 |
Evolution and Heredity from Darwin to the Rise of Genetics | 221 |
The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis and Its Discontents | 247 |
The Species Problem Reducibility Function and Teleology
| 290 |
Biology and Human Nature | 322 |
The Philosophy of Biology and the Philosophy of Science | 348 |
References | 363 |
Index | 393 |
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adaptation anatomy argued argument Aristotelian Aristotle Aristotle¡¯s biologists Blumenbach Buffon called causal century Chapter cladists claim classification comparative anatomy Critique CSMK Cuvier Darwin Darwinian Descartes Descartes¡¯s descent Dobzhansky Eldredge environment evolution evolutionary example existence explanation extinct fact final causes forces fossil function G¡§ottingen Galton genes genetic genome Geoffroy Geoffroy¡¯s geological Gould Harvey Herschel History of Animals human idea individual Kant Kant¡¯s kind knowledge Lamarck laws Linnaeus living things look Lyell matter Mayr Mayr¡¯s means mechanism mechanistic Mendel Mendelian Modern Evolutionary Synthesis Modern Synthesis molecular natural history natural purposes natural selection naturalists notion objects organisms Origin Origin of Species philosophy of biology philosophy of science physics population presumably principle question reason refer reproduction scientific seems sense sort species concept stress structure substances teleological theory thought tion traits transmutation uniformitarianism unity variation Vries Whewell Whewell¡¯s Wright