CARNATIC. and a half lakhs. It was fixed at nine lakhs, and by the Treaty of 1787 (No. XLI.) it was agreed that the Nawab should pay this sum for the military defences in peace besides the twelve lakhs for his debts; that in time of war the contracting parties should each pay four-fifths of their revenues, the Nawab being first allowed to deduct the value of certain jaghires; and that in case of failure of payment by the Nawab certain districts should be assigned as security. By this Treaty also the Nawab relinquished direct political relations with other native States. The Court of Directors however were of opinion that the abatement of one and a half lakhs, which was allowed to the Nawab, should have been made rather from the assignment of twelve lakhs for liquidation of the debts than from the subsidy, and therefore directed that the contingent should be established at eleven lakhs, being ten and a half lakhs as the contribution proportioned to the revenues, and 50,000 Pagodas paid as tribute by the Rajah of Tanjore. In this arrangement the Nawab, not without remonstrance, acquiesced.

When the war with Mysore broke out in 1790, as no contributions could be realised through the Nawab's officers, it was resolved to take the direct management of the country during the war. On the conclusion of peace in 1792, this temporary arrangement came to an end, and as all parties were dissatisfied with the Treaty of 1787, some new arrangement was necessary. A new Treaty (No. XLII.) was therefore concluded in 1792. This Treaty stipulated that the British Government should maintain a force, for the payment of which the Nawab should contribute nine lakhs of Pagodas yearly; that the country should be garrisoned by British troops; that in the event of war the British Government should take the entire management of the country, paying to the Nawab one-fifth of the revenues; that the assignment for the debts of the Nawab should be reduced to 6,21,105 Pagodas; that the British Government should collect the tribute of the polygars in the Nawab's name, and give him credit for it in his contribution; that on failure of payment the British Government should assume the management of certain specified districts; that if the Nawab required additional troops they should be separately paid for; and that the Nawab should renounce political intercourse with other States and be included in all Treaties relating to the Carnatic.

Mahomed Ali was succeeded by his son Omdut-ool-Omrah on 16th CARNATIC. October 1795. The Treaty of 1792 was found to have the most injurious and oppressive effects. The subsidy indeed was regularly paid, but to meet his liabilities the Nawab contracted heavy loans, and to liquidate them assigned to his creditors the revenues of his country,-a system which resulted in the most cruel and grinding oppression. Several attempts (No. XLIII.) were made to remedy this state of things, but without much success. On the fall of Seringapatam, a treasonable correspondence was discovered, which had been begun by Mahomed Ali and his son with Tippoo Sultan shortly after the conclusion of the Treaty of 1792. The object of this secret correspondence was most hostile to the interests of the British Government. It had been continued by Omdut-ool-Omrah as late as the year 1796, and was in direct violation of his Treaty obligations. Enquiry was instituted which fully proved the guilt of the Nawab. The British Government therefore declared itself released from the obligations of the Treaty of 1792, which had been thus flagrantly violated, and resolved to assume the government of the Carnatic, making a provision for the family of the Nawab. Omdutool-Omrah died on 15th July 1801, before the conclusion of the proposed arrangements. Terms framed on the above basis were offered to his reputed son Ali Hossein, who had been nominated by Omdut-ool-Omrah as his successor. But they were rejected by him. Negociations were then opened with Azeem-ood-Dowlah, nephew of the Nawab Omdut-oolOmrah. If the right of succession had not been forfeited, Azeem-oodDowlah would perhaps have had stronger claims than Ali Hossein. He was the grandson of Mahomed Ali, and great grandson by both parents of Anwar-ood-Deen, the founder of the family of the Carnatic. With him an engagement (No. XLIV.) was made on 31st July 1801, by which he renounced the civil and military government of the Carnatic and received a stipendiary provision. This Treaty was ratified by the Governor General in Council. But the Madras Government were directed to add certain explanatory Articles, if this could conveniently be done, so as clearly to set forth that Azeem-ood-Dowlah was acknowledged by the free grace and favor of the British Government, and not by reason of any hereditary rights which had been entirely forfeited, and also to regulate the disposal of jaghire lands and the calculation of the Nawab's

CARNATIC. share of the revenues. The Nawab willingly agreed to the modifications proposed.

On 3rd August 1819 Azeem-ood-Dowlah died. Azeem Jah his son was informed that as the Treaty of 1801 did not stipulate that the rank and dignity of Nawab of the Carnatic should be hereditary in the family of Azeem-ood-Dowlah, his succession depended on the pleasure of the Supreme Government. Azeem Jah was however recognised. It was not considered advisable to conclude any new engagement with him. The resolution to continue to him the dignities and benefits enjoyed by his father under the Treaty of 1801, and his cheerful acceptance of these at the hands of the British Government, were held to constitute a confirmation of the Treaty preferable, considering the relative positions of the parties, to the formal conclusion of precise stipulations.

Azeem Jah died on 12th November 1825. His infant son Mahomed Ghouse was recognised as his successor under the guardianship of his uncle, Azeem Jah. He died without issue on 7th October 1855, and the succession was claimed by Azeem Jah. But as the Treaty of 1801 recognised no hereditary right, and was a purely personal Treaty with Azeem-ood-Dowlah; and as the successions in 1819 and 1825 had been by express permission of the British Government, and conveyed no right or pledge; and as in the absence of all obligation to continue the succession to the titular dignity, there were grave reasons of expediency against it, Government declared that the title, privileges, and immunities of the family were at an end. The family was liberally provided for, a pension of a lakh and a half of Rupees and the position

of the first native nobleman of Madras being assigned to Azeem Jah.

No. XXXVI.

CARNATIC.

No. XXXVI.