with deserved approbation, that amidst festivity of unlimited extent, and almost universal participation, not a single breach of decorum, nor infraction of the peace, occurred during the whole period; whilst every sanction which religious service could lend to the occasion, was appropriately sought by attendance upon DIVINE WORSHIP, with every external accompaniment of honour and solemnity, to give it effect. Any thing like a detail of what has already been so fully before the public, would be scarcely less wearisome to our readers, than foreign to the object of the present memoir: nevertheless, we could not but allude thus pointedly to an occurrence, with which the merits of Mr. Grimshaw's public character are so especially associated.

Mr. Grimshaw has, during forty-two years, been the Acting Cursitor for the county palatine of Lancaster; and has eight times executed the duties of Under-sheriff. He has been upwards of forty years Clerk to the Magistrates of Amounderness Hundred; and, with his partner, Mr. Richard Palmer, was in 1815 appointed Clerk to the Commissioners of the Preston Police.

There are many circumstances connected with the private character of this respected gentleman, to which, were we guided merely by the dictates of esteem, we should be most happy to give publicity. But as they are derived from local connection, and might involve the feelings of many very worthy individuals, we forbear, however reluctantly, to rest Mr. Grimshaw's claim to distinction upon this best and most honourable of all foundations. His domestic happiness, however, has been chequered by some bitter visitations. His eldest son, a young man of high promise, fell in Canada, during the campaign of 1815. He held his Majesty's commission in the 76th regiment of foot. Two others of his sons were drowned by the upsetting of a boat in the river Ribble, about nine months since, as mentioned in a recent number of our Magazine. For these, and other worldly calamities, Mr. Grimshaw will find the surest consolation in the retrospect of an upright life, and in the conviction of having conscientiously discharged the duties of his private station. Instances are rare in which civic distinctions have been so fre

quently multiplied, or so extensively prolonged, in the person of a single individual; and we hope it will still be many years, ere his friends and fellow-townsmen have to lament their final but honourable resignation.

NORTH-WEST LAND EXPEDITION.

CAPTAIN FRANKLIN, the intrepid conductor of this expedition, which was fitted out by the British government in the summer of 1819, has arrived in England. In 1820, having received liberal succours from the North-west Company's settlements in America, it advanced to the shores of the Great Bear Lake, and encamped for the winter. Early in the year, having followed the course of the Coppermine River to its termination in the Northern Ocean, Franklin and his companions, in two canoes, proceeded to examine the coast in an easterly direction, towards Hudson's Bay. This they skirted for about 500 miles, observing that, as far as the eye could reach, the sea was perfectly free from ice; but being overtaken by winter, though in the month of August, accompanied with dense fogs and snow, and being destitute of necessary clothing, they were obliged to retrace their steps through the trackless wilds which lie between the Copper River, and the Great Bear Lake. Misery and misfortune were now superadded to the natural perils of the undertaking. Their provisions were exhausted-sea-weed, and the pulverized bones of the meat they had consumed, the bark of trees, and the tattered remnant of their shoes, scarcely sustained nature. In this perishing condition, they succeeded in taking an elk. They were about to slaughter it, in the grateful anticipation of a bountiful meal, when, by a desperate effort, it broke from them, and escaped. An instance of more intense disappointment, and consequent despair, can scarcely be adduced. Nine of the Canadians perished, with Lieutenant Hood of the navy. Franklin, and the rest, arrived at a post of the Hudson's Bay Company, after incredible exertion and suffering.

There is something exceedingly melancholy in the circumstances attending Hood's death. He had been left with a medical gentleman, the natural

ist attached to the expedition, to take care of a sick Canadian, who, from famine and sufferings, was almost frantic. The former having left the tent for a moment, the savage took up a loaded musket, and shot the unfortunate lieutenant dead upon the spot. The doctor returning, found the Canadian so wild and ungovernable, that in self-defence he immediately destroyed him.-The above expedition furnishes another refutation of the favourite theory, that man, in a state of nature, can best contend with toil and deprivation. The nine Canadians, though inured to the rigour of the climate, and familiar with hardship, sunk beneath the difficulties which surrounded the undertaking; whilst the Europeans, by the moral energy which civilization adds to physical power, weathered and ultimately survived them all. Captain Franklin is said to have expressed a thorough conviction, that the first intelligence of Captain Parry and his comrades, will be received from Asiatic Russia.

INGENIOUS MACHINERY.

MR. EDITOR. SIR,-In such a nation as ours, where the value of machinery, in connection with manufactures, is wisely and justly esteemed, every successful exertion of mechanical genius, for the diminution of labour, and the improvement of those manufactures, which, by the superiority of British skill and British industry, have already exalted us as a commercial nation to the highest rank of honour and opulence, must excite a lively interest in the public mind; and when brought into proper notice, cannot fail of receiving its just and merited reward. From a full conviction of the truth of this observation, I transmit you the following article, which has recently appeared in one of our newspapers, the truth of which I believe is unquestionable.

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About three years ago, a very ingenious performance was executed by a man named Thomas Hall, in the Townland of Corlust, near Tandragee: He wove a shirt ready-made, in the loom, without a seam, and complete in all its parts, including wristbands, collar, and gussets; which was exhibited for a considerable time at

Tandragee, in the office of William Loftic, Esq. The same individual has lately invented a loom on a new plan, which it is conceived will be of incalculable service to the linen trade, and therefore it deserves to be particularly noticed. It has these peculiar recommendations: a child of about twelve years old can work it with very little toil: it is extremely easy on the yarn; and the cloth made on it is quite superior to any of the same, set with the same quantity and quality of yarn. As a proof of this, the first web woven in it was sold in Tandragee, on Wednesday, the 8th inst. and produced 3d. per yard more than the same quantity and quality of yarn, made into another web, in one of the best common looms."

There is a peculiar interest attached to the circumstance above mentioned, of weaving a shirt entire and complete in the loom, as it may be considered an illustration of the fact recorded by St. John (chap. xix. ver. 23.) respecting the upper garment of our Lord, which he informs us was "without seam, woven from the top throughout." This, Dr. Adam Clarke, in his commentary on that passage, tells us, some persons have seriously doubted to be true, or even possible. Thomas Hall has demonstrated the possibility of it, and thereby confirmed the truth of St. John's assertion. In this point of view, the ingenuity of the artist is doubly interesting to the Christian; and hence I anticipate your ready insertion of this article in your excellent miscellany.

Your's, &c.
S. TUCKER.

Belfast, November 7th, 1822.

AMERICAN ANTIQUITIES. MR. EDITOR. SIR,-The newspapers have lately contained accounts of singular discoveries in various parts of North America, strongly indicating, that many ages ago it was inhabited by a race of people, far superior in knowledge and the arts, to those found there at the period of the Columbian discovery. Among other discoveries, it appears, that a pavement has been found considerably below the present surface of the soil, in which is a flagstone, containing an engraving of a

man and a woman, standing one on each side of a tree; the woman holding a fruit in her hand, which she is in the act of presenting to the man. This appears to be a representation of our first parents' transgression in Paradise, and is a singular and interesting fact.

To this, permit me to add the following extract of a letter from my own brother, who thus writes from Philadelphia:-"There is found in a newly settled country, a wonderful thing indeed, which to me is very mysterious ;-the ruins of an old fort: it appears to be very old indeed, much older than the use of gunpowder. A large artificial mount seems to have been raised by the assailants (of whom very many lost their lives, as has been supposed,) to pour in their destructive weapons upon the besieged. This mount is composed principally of the bodies of the warriors, whose bones are still to be dug up in all parts of it. They measure just about 12 feet in general, from head to foot, which proves to demonstration the existence of giants to be no fiction. They were acquainted with the art of making earthenware, let them have sprung from what country they might, for the mode of their burials was to lay the corpse upon a stone, and extend the arms, over which were laid pieces of this ware, made exactly to the shape of the parts intended to be covered."

Contemplating these, and other monuments, of the power and providence of God, displayed in the vast continent, of which he has seen a great part, he closes his observations with the following pious exclamation, which I transcribe merely to shew that his mind, being under a religious influence, he would not be likely to report a falsehood:-"O how mysterious are thy works, O Lord! and how fearfully and wonderfully are we made!" I am, dear Sir, Your's, very truly, S. TUCKER.

Belfast, 7th November, 1822.

He does not particularly describe the part of the country where this curiosity has been found, which he probably thought not necessary; but my knowledge of my brother's strict veracity and genuine piety, induces me to place the fullest confidence in his statements, in which he could have no interest in deceiving me; and of this it appears he has been an eye-witness.

GLEANINGS FROM LITERATURE, SCIENCE, &c.

This

Heliotrope.--Professor Gauss, of Gottingen, having remarked, while making some trigonometrical observations, that the reflection of the sun upon a window was visible at the distance of seven miles, was induced to make some experiments, by which he ascertained, that a small mirror, not more than two or three inches in diameter, is sufficient to reflect the sun ten German miles, or even more. discovery is of great importance in measuring large triangles, the method now adopted being to fix, at night, several Argand lamps, with reflectors, at the place which is intended to be observed from a great distance. In consequence of what he had observed, the professor constructed an instrument, which he has named the Heliotrope; this has not only been found to answer its intended purpose exceedingly well, in making trigonometrical observations, but it obviates the inconvenience of making the operations by night.

Improved Life-Preservers.-Mr. Scheffer, (the inventor of a penographic writing-instrument,) has recently applied his ingenuity to the forining of a Life-Preserver of a new material. circular and cylindrical belt or ring, which The shape of this apparatus is that of a hollow wearer, and keeps itself in its place without surrounds the upper part of the body of the the use of straps, so that it may be slipped on in an instant. It is formed of several thicknesses of animal membrane cemented together, and is entirely without seam; it is made air-tight, ed. It has a pipe and stop-cock, by which it and water-proof, by being varnished and paintcan be inflated with air in the short space of one minute; and it will then support the weight of two persons in the water, in cases of emergency. When emptied by pressing out the air, it is remarkable for its lightness and portability, and it is capable of being packed in a very small space indeed. When intended to be worn by females, it is made to open in front, so that it may be slipped over their shoulders, when it springs close again by its own elasticity, to surround the body and support it in the water.

means of

Shower Baths.-An important improvement has been lately effected in these useful appendages to the health and comfort of the community, by Mr. Feetham, of Ludgate-hill, which consists in affording the adjusting the shower of water to the feelings of the party using the bath; so that it may be increased or diminished at pleasure, and the violent shock generally occasioned by showerbaths rendered completely optional.-By this important regulation, this shower-bath may be used by persons of the tenderest age, or most delicate habits and constitutions, either as a medical or pleasure bath.

Caterpillars.-The French Economical Journal says, that the following is an infallible method of guarding cabbages from the depredation of caterpillars:-Sow a belt of hempseed round the borders of the ground where the cabbages are planted, and although the neighbourhood be infested with caterpillars, the space inclosed by the hemp will be per

fectly free, and not one of these vermin will approach.

Papyri of Herculaneum.-Sir H. Davy's experiments on the papyri have closed without producing any marked result. Iodine and chlorine separated the rolls without injuring the ink, which is of charcoal, on which these agents have no action; but the papyrus itself containing much undecompounded vegetable matter, baffled the investigation. Of the original 1696 MSS. 431 have been submitted to experiment, or given to foreign governments by the King of Naples; about 100 of those which remain appear to be in a state to encourage the expectation of their being restored even by the chemical means already known. In general, the writing is only on one side, and the MSS. are rolled round sticks, like the webs of our silk-mercers. The stick is invariably carbonized, and resembles a bit of charcoal. Sir H. D. suggests, from the nature of the ink on these MSS. and the silence of Pliny, that up to this period the Romans never used galls and iron as a writing ink, and probably that this invention was contemporary with the use of parchment, of which the earliest MSS. at present known are the Codices Rescripti, discovered at Rome and Milan, by M. Mai, including the books of Cicero de Republica, supposed to be of the second or third centuries.

Sugar for Preserving Fish.-Dr. M'Culloch, of Edinburgh, has ascertained that the antiseptic quality of sugar is sufficient to preserve fish in the most excellent condition. He states, that this substance is so active, that fish may be preserved in a dry state, and perfectly fresh, by means of sugar alone, and even with a very small quantity of it. He has thus kept salmon, whitings, and cod, for an indefinite length of time; and by this simple means fresh fish may be kept in that state some days, so as to be as good when boiled, as if but just caught. In the preparation, it is barely necessary to open the fish, and to apply the sugar to the muscular part, placing it in a horizontal position for two or three days, that this substance may penetrate. After this, it may be dried; and it is only farther necessary to wipe and ventilate it occasionally, to prevent mouldiness. A table-spoonful of brown sugar is sufficient in this manner for a salmon of five or six pounds' weight; and if salt is desired, a tea-spoonful or more may be added; saltpetre may be used instead, in the same proportion, if it is desired to make the fish bard.

fee.

The Manufacture of Wine improved by Chalk -Count Alexander Czacki, after an experience of four years, recommends the addition of a little chalk to the must of grapes, when it is somewhat sour; for the acidity being due to citric and tartaric acids, there is thus formed a precipitate of citrate and tartrate of lime, while the must becomes sweeter, and yields a much finer wine. Too much chalk may render the wine insipid, since it is proper to leave a little excess of acid in the must. Even acid wine may be benefited by the addition of chalk. Oyster shells, we believe, have been frequently used with this view; and calcined oyster shells are a cleaner carbonate of lime than common chalk.

Newly-invented Steam Carriage.-The structure is altogether in length twenty-seven feet, of which seven are occupied by the boiler and apparatus for motion. The steam is formed in heated tubes, one inch and a half to three inches in diameter, and no more water is introduced to them at a time, than what is immedi→ ately wanted. The apparatus for the steam from the safety valves, &c. is ingeniously sus pended, so as to be unhurt by the motion of the wheels. The whole is so conrtructed, that the horizontal position will be preserved, severe shocks avoided, and the outer wheels enabled to make, in turning the carriage, a larger segment than the inner. The carriage may be made to stop or retrograde at the wish of the conductor, who sits in front, and, by means of a bevel pinion, directs the vehicle. There are two rates of velocity, by means of pinions of different diameters. The weight of the carriage, including apparatus, water, and fuel, will be only a ton and a half. It will carry three tons of merchandise and passengers. With this load it is expected to go at the rate of five miles an hour, or one hundred miles in twenty hours, on ordinary roads.

Damascus Steel.-One of the most skilful cutlers at Paris has acquired the art of fabricating the steel called Damascus, very superior to that of Persia and Syria; and he now employs it in making instruments of surgery, which are far more valuable than those of English caststeel. The extreme hardness and great elasticity of the Damascus, render it particularly important in the fabrication of instruments that require a very fine edge, such as razors, lancets, &c. which so soon lose their edge, especially when used to pierce or cut very strongly resisting bodies. Several French journals have spoken highly of instruments made of this steel.

Employment of Iodine for the Relief of Cancer. Iodine, in the form of alcoholic solution, properly diluted with simple sirop, it has been asserted, has been used with success in one of the Paris hospitals, in allaying the pain and increase of a cancerous tumor in the breast.

Signals for a great distance.-Schumacher, a captain of artillery, has invented a rocket,

which may become of great use to astronomers and geographers. They are of a much greater force than the Congreve rockets, and ascend to a prodigious height. When at their greatest elevation, they explode, and produce in the air a volume of light, so strong and brilliant, as to be distinctly visible at a distance of thirty leagues.

Cure of Ring Worm.-Mr. T. J. Graham, of Cheltenham, recommends the lime-water which has been used for purifying gas, as a very efficacious remedy in the above troublesome disease. The head is to be well cleansed morning and evening with soap and water, and after wards washed with the lime-water from the gas works. This lime-water is a very heterogeneous compound, so that it is impossible to say which of its ingredients is effectual. It contains lime, ammonia, sulphuretted hydrogen, volatile oil, and probably several other compounds of a more complex nature.

A New Velocipede-has lately been exhibited in the Metropolis, which promises to be of positive utility. The machine consists of three wheels; one behind, about three feet in diameter, over which the inventor sits; and two lower ones before. It is worked by the hands, with two short handles, (without, apparently, any great exertion,) which set two wheels in motion; these operate upon two levers, which set the machine going at the rate of six miles or more an hour, and the inventor has travelled sixty miles a day with it in fine weather. There are two iron stirrups, in which he places his feet, which keep him steady on his seat.-The inventor is a shoe-maker, a native of Newark-on-Trent, in Nottinghamshire.

Literary Notices.

The Hopes of Matrimony, a Poem, by John Holland, Author of Sheffield Park, &c.

Plurality of Worlds, or Letters, Notes, and Memoranda, Philosophical and Critical, occasioned by A Series of Discourses on the Christian Revelation, viewed in connection with the Modern Astronomy, by Thomas Chalmers, D.D. By Andrew Maxwell.

The Ancient Principles of the True and Sacred Philosophy, as lately explained by John Hutchinson, Esq. translated with Additional Notes, and a Preliminary Dissertation on the Character and Writings of Moses. By Andrew Maxwell.

Memoir of the most remarkable and interesting parts of the Life of the late William Cowper, Esq. of the Inner Temple, detailing particularly the exercises of his mind in regard to Religion; written by himself. To which is added, a Collection of Hymns, by the same Author.

The Classical Collector's Vade Mecum, being an introduction to the best editions of the Greek and Roman Classics.

Divine Grace exhibited in a brief Memoir of Henrietta E. Dickenson.

A few Plain Answers to the Question, "Why do you receive the Testimony of Baron Swedenborg?"

A Scientific Demonstration that Matter is not Eternal, &c. in a Letter to R. Carlile, by James Humphrey.

Of Dr. Chalmers's Christian and Civic Economy of Large Towns, Nos. XIII. and XIV. will be published together on the 1st of January, 1823. The article, On the Facilities for the Extinction of Pauperism in England, will occupy both Numbers. No. XIV. will contain Dr. Chalmers's First Essay on the Causes and Cure of Pauperism in England. These Numbers will be published quarterly.

Treatises on the Life, Walk, and Triumph of Faith. By the Rev. W. Romaine, A. M. With an Introductory Essay, by Thomas Chalmers, D.D. 2 vols. 12mo.

Genuine Religion the Best Friend of the People. By the Rev. Archibald Bonar. 18mo.

The Constitution of the Character of Jesus Christ. In Two Parts. Part I. The Constitution of the Character of Jesus Christ shewn to differ from the Opinions of Socinians, Arians, Trinitarians, and Swedenborgians. Part II. On the Moral Character of Jesus, the Office of Christ, and the Holy Spirit. The argument of this Work rests chiefly upon a fact, hitherto overlooked; viz. that the Apostles, for twenty-five years at least, laboured under the Jewish prejudice, that the Messiah was a mere man; but afterwards, having their attention excited more particularly to the subject, they discovered his Divinity. 8vo.

The 2d edition, folio, of the Holy Catholic Bible,enriched with many beautiful Engravings, is nearly ready for publication, under the sanction of the Right Rev. Dr. Gibson.

J. Wesley Clarke, Esq. has a second edition in the Press, of his Geographical Dictionary, which he has been enabled considerably to improve.

Mr. Isaac Holmes, of Liverpool, announces, for the 1st of January, his Impartial Account of the United States, drawn from actual observation during a residence there of four years.

The third part of Green's Universal Herbal, arranged on the Linnean System, and adapted to scientific, as well as the most useful practical purposes, elucidated by numerous plates, accurately coloured to nature, will shortly be presented to the public. 2d edition.

A suitable companion to this work will be found in the Farmer's Directory, by Leonard Towne, which comprehends a complete system of Agricultural Economy, including the best experimental information on all subjects connected with Farming, Grazing, and Planting, and illustrated with many appropriate Engravings.

A seventh edition is printed of the Rev. James Wood's Dictionary of the Bible, newly revised by the author, and combining the most valuable information from Brown, Calmet, and other eminent writers.

Just Published, a superior edition, octavo, of Watts' Psalms and Hymns, printed in a bold and elegant type, with copious Indexes, &c. and many additional Hymns.

Among the various articles of this description, which we received for insertion in the 46th number of the Imperial Magazine, was the following, which, from a want of room, we were obliged to omit. We, however, noticed in col. 1064, the subject, which the publication here announced is intended to embrace.

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Preparing for publication, Truth against