from them, either in the defence of their country, or through some of those common calamities incident to human life. From the printed account there appears to be at present 58 girls, and 66 boys, on the establishment. At the last clection, Jan. 17th, 1822, there were 91 candidates, but no more than 14 could be admitted. The managers intend to erect a commodious building for the extension of this charity, and therefore, in the name of the fatherless orphan, solicit contributions from the wealthy and humane, for this truly benevolent purpose. Subscriptions addressed to the Rev. C. W. Le Bas, A. M.; Rev. J. C. Abdy, A. M.; and the Rev. Andrew Reed, Secretaries, at the Orphan Office, No. 10, St. Mary Axc, will be thankfully received; and, on application, every information given. Subscriptions are also received at Pares, Heygate, & Co. Bankers; and Hatchard and Son, Booksellers, Piccadilly. Queries respecting Annuitant Societies, by a Commercial Clerk, MR. EDITOR. of your Magazine, to make the following inquiries, viz. 1st. Suppose a society, to consist of 500 members; each member admitted at from 21 to 40 years of age, and to be 5 years on probation before he becomes free; what is the probable maximum of free members, the number being kept up by the addition of new members as the old ones die away or withdraw? 2nd. Suppose that cach member has the privilege, in the event of the death of his wife, of marrying again ; what is the probable maximum of widows' annuities, the annuities being forfeited by their marrying again? 3rd. Suppose that each member, on attaining the age of 60 years, becomes an annuitant; what is the probable maximum of aged annuitants? and what proportion of such maximum will be annuitants above 70 years of age? Genuine Letter of Dr. Franklin, with a Fac-Simile of his Signature. "SIR,-I have talk'd with Pass about casting the Guns, and he tells me there is not a sufficient Quantity of Sca Coal to be had for Casting a Quantity, and that the Apparatus and Time of Pre SIR,-Such is the great utility of Friendly Societies, that the legisla-paring it, if but a few are to be cast, ture have given them every encouragement.-Great abuses have, however, crept into these institutions.-In many, if not in all cases, they have been founded on erroneous principles; so that, after a number of years' experience, their founders have been com pelled to alter their original plan, and disappoint the expectations of their members. Some sick-clubs have reduced their allowances to their sick and aged members, if not altogether withheld the allowance for a season.— Societies for providing annuities for widows have come to nought, and others have prolonged their existence by measures, both discouraging and oppressive to the members, when they found that they could not go on in the original way. As there are several of these latter societies in Lancashire and Yorkshire, I am desirous of knowing something of their respective prospects; and in order to excite the particular attention of their members to this subject, and to illicit information, allow me, through the medium He says, where they make a constant will occasion these few to be very dear. Business of casting Guns, they can well afford to furnish themselves with all things necessary, as they will be in constant Use; but that to provide conveniencies, not to be afterwards us'd, will be a great Charge and Loss; and he seems to think it would be New England, at the Price demanded; almost as cheap to purchase those in and better to do so, as they might be immediately had, &c.-I have great Hopes our Application to New York will succeed, and till that is known, suppose no further Resolution will be taken in the Affair. I 66 I am Sir "Your most huml. Servt. Branklin "Philad. March 7. 4718. To the Hon'ble James Logan Esq. Stenton." Literary Notices. Just published, The Temple of Romance, and other Poems, by Stannard Melmoth. Mr. Melmoth is preparing for publication the Beauties of Jeremy Taylor, with a memoir of his life, and observations on his genius and writings. The Triple Aim: or, the Improvement of Leisure, Friendship, and Intellect; attempted in Epistolary Correspondence. 8vo. p. 440. Beaufoy's Guide to True Pilgrims, Eleventh Edition. 1s. 3d. bound. Grounds of Hope for the Salvation of all Dying in Infancy; an Essay by the Rev. W. Harris, 8vo. 4s. 6d. Burder's Mental Discipline. 12mo. Second Edition. 3s. The Evangelical Rambler, No. I. &c. To be continued Monthly. An Investigation of the Doctrine of Water Farmer Watson and his Man Harry; or, Hints to Parents. 6d. An Epitome of Pharmaceutical Chemistry : whereby the art of Prescribing scientifically may be facilitated, and those Decompositions avoid-7s. ed, &c. arranged according to the London Pharmacopoeia. By Rees Price, M. D. Member of the Royal College of Surgeons in London; Honorary Member of the Medical and Physical Society of Guy's Hospital, &c. &c. Dr. Chalmers' Christian and Civic Economy of Large Towns, No. X. On the bearing which a right Christian Economy has on Pauperism. Price 1s. Published Quarterly. This Number is the commencement of a Series of Essays, by Dr. Chalmers, on the Causes and Cure of Pauperism, and is designed to expose the evils of Pauperism in England, and in those places in Scotland, where Assessments have been introduced, for the maintenance of the Poor. A Key to the Critical Reading of the four Gospels, consisting chiefly of Gleanings, for the use of Students in Divinity, 8vo. 4s. bds. A Guide to Christian Communicants, in the Exercise of Self-Examination. By the Rev. William Trail; with a Life, by the Rev. Robert Burns, Paisley. 18mo. 9d. A Narrative of the Rise and Progress of Emigration, from the Counties of Lanark and Renfrew, to the New Settlements in Upper Canada, with a Map of the Townships, Designs for Cottages, and interesting Letters from the Settlements. By Robert Lamond, Secretary and Agent. Svo. 3s. 6d. Cathedral Antiquities. By J. Britton, Esq. I. The History and Antiquities of the Metropolitical Church of York; II. Of the Cathedral Church of Salisbury; III. Of the Cathedral Church of Norwich; IV. Of the Cathedral Church of Winchester; V. Of the See and Cathedral Church of Lichfield; VI. Of the Cathedral of Oxford; VII. In the progress of publication, the History and Antiquities of the Metropolitical Church of Canterbury; VIII. The Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain; IX. The Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain.-Vol.V. No. I. to VII.; X. Redcliff Church, Bristol; XI. Just published, in medium 4to. Specimens of Gothic Architecture, selected from various ancient edifices in England; XII. Unique copy of the History, &c. of York Cathedral; XIII. A Corresponding Volume of Winchester Cathedral. The above works are enriched with elegant Engravings of Views, Elevations, Sections, &c. of the various Classes of Buildings, and styles of Architecture, connected with the venerable edifices described. No Fiction, 2 vols. crown Svo. Sixth Edition, 12s. Howe's Works, vol. 8. Royal, 16s. Demy, 12s. The Widow's Narrative, comprising Remarks on the Conduct of Humble Life. Crown 8vo. 4s. 6d. Barnabas Hill; or, the Cottage on the Shore; by the Author of the Little Manufac turer. In the Press. The Power of Religion Exemplified, in the Experience and Happy Death of Miss Mary Fruer. Average Price of Grain per Quarter, for the 12 Wheat. Barley. Oats. Ryc. Beans. Peas. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Dec 22.46 8 20 10 17 721 3 23 5 26 10 29.46 2 19 7 16 821 11 22 8 26 8 520 5 22 8 21 10 Jan. 5.45 11 19 216 Average Prices of Sugar Jan. 9, 31 10 16, 31 10 Price of Stocks, 3 per Cent. Red.76% 4 per Cent. 963 3 Long An. 1937-16ths London, Jan. 26. India Stock, 238) 46 pm. do. Course of Exchange, 88 per Cent. Prussian 5 per Cent. with div. fr. Oct. 1, 861 Spanish 5 per Cent. with div. fr. Oct. 30, 56% 7. Austrian Metallic 5 per Cent. with div. from QUERIES TO CORRESPONDENTS. 1. On Shortsightedness. C. G. wishes to be informed, whether a short sight is to be considered a disease, or a defect of the eye? and why, if it proceeds from the formation, it is not discernible in general till the age of 13 or 14? 2. On finding the Moon's Place in the Ecliptic. T. D. of Low Moor Iron Works, would be obliged to any correspondent who would inform him of the plainest and shortest method of calculating the Moon's place in the Ecliptic? 3. On Animal Increase,-by Sior, of Holywell. A Farmer, on the point of giving his daughter in marriage to a young man, offered him with her a portion of £1000; but the young man refused money in toto, requesting only to have a heifer calf, which calf was to produce a calf when 2 years old, and one yearly afterwards, for the term of 20 years from their wedding day. Now all the produce are supposed to be heifer calves, and to produce when 2 years old, and yearly afterwards for the above named time. Query the number produced in the 20 years? Several Queries and Literary Notices have been omitted for want of room. COMMERCIAL REPORT, LIVERPOOL, 26th JANUARY, 1822. SINCE the commencement of the year, there has been an improving demand for several articles, and some descriptions of produce have advanced in price; and this has resulted more generally from the operations of consumers than from any speculative transactions. Speaking generally, the manufacturing districts are in a thriving condition, the beneficial effects of which have been very sensibly felt here-and it is pleasing to observe, that many articles have received a favourable impulse which has long been neglected. A glance at the operations of the past week will exemplify more fully the truth of the foregoing remarks. Cottons. Some large public sales yesterday attracted considerable attention, and brought together a numerous attendance of the trade; the sales went off with spirit, and the following are the particulars— 772 Boweds, 413 New Orleans, 558 Alabamas, d. d. d. d. 13 to 17 8 to 12 9 to 121 The following are the week's transactions by private treaty,-2085 Boweds, at 81d. to 104d.; 99 Tennessees, 8d. to 9d.; 229 New Orleans, 94d. to 11d.; 210 Sea Islands, 13 d. to 23d. ; 485 Pernams, 11 d. to 121d.; 384 Maranhams, 10d. to 114d.; 583 Bahias, 103d. to 114d.; 181 Paras, at 10d.; 120 Demararas, 11d.; 50 Barbadoes, 93d.; 397 Bengals, 64d. to 7d.; making a total, including those by public sale, of 7294 packages. Sugars, this week, consisting of Antigua and Demararas, to the extent of 550 hhds. went off heavily, and brown qualities at rather lower rates, whilst good middling, and good Sugars, fully supported former prices: the quotations were, dry brown, 50s. to 56s.; middling, 58s. to 67s. 6d.; and good, 68s. to 70s. per cwt. Coffee.-Small lots, suitable for grocers, have gone off at better rates: triage, 70s. to 90s; middling, 111s. to 114s. 6d. Rum.-There is no alteration in this article, about 70 puncheons of strong Demararas have been sold at 2s. 1d. to 2s. 2d.; strong Jamaicas, of old imports, at the rate of Is. 9d. per gallon. Tobacco, is tolerably steady, for since the beginning of the present month, more than 400 hlids. have been sold; no variation of price, however, can be named. Rice, of good quality, sells readily at 16s. to 18s. per cwt. for Carolina. Naval Stores, keep up their price. Turpentine 13s. to 15s. Stockholm Tar, at 20s. Archangel, 19s. per barrel. Rosin, 7s. 6d. per cwt. Hemp. £58 per ton, with very little stock. Ashes fully support former quotations. Logwood continues in good demand. Fine Jamaica has fetched £10; and Campeachy £11 per ton. Prime Cuba Fustic £11. 11s. The last sale of Nicaragua Wood was at £50 per ton, but the arrival of 250 tons is likely to effect the future currency of this article. Camwood has advanced to £20 per ton. Barwood is also in more demand. It cannot fail to impress the most superficial observer, that the great advance in the dry saltery articles must arise solely from the improved state of our manufactories. American Flax Seed, is held at 65s. to 68s. per hhd. French Clover Seed at 57s. per cwt. Oils.-Olive Oil unvaried. Rape Oil is in better demand, at 3s. 9d. per gallon. Linseed at 2s. 8d. In Fish Oils little is doing. Turpentine Oil brings 66s. per cwt. and more is inquired for. Grain Market.-The Corn Trade has reverted to its former languid state, in consequence of the neighbouring markets being abundantly supplied from the interior of the country. Bonded American Flour is selling at 25s. to 28s. per barrel, but bonded grain continues without inquiry. LONDON PRINTED AT THE CAXTON PRESS, BY H. FISHER. THE Imperial Magazine; OR, COMPENDIUM OF RELIGIOUS, MORAL, & PHILOSOPHICAL KNOWLEDGE. MARCH.]"SOCIAL REFINEMENT HAS NO EXISTENCE WHERE LITERATURE IS UNKNOWN." [1822. THE PHYSICAL AND MORAL WORLD. wind returneth again according to its circuits. All the rivers run into the No. 3.-The Connection between Natural sea, yet the sea is not full; unto the and Revealed Truths further insist-place whence the rivers come, thither they return again." ed on. (Continued from col. 115.) As the system proposed by Mr. Macnab is somewhat new, and founded upon principles very different from such as in the present day carry popularity in their favour; it may not be improper to suggest a caution against premature judgment, merely from its first appearance. But what need we say? Has there ever appeared in this fastidious world, any general improvement, which has not met the most formidable opposition? How mightily, for instance, was the Herverian doctrine of the circulation of the blood at first opposed? His demonstrations, however, being founded on facts, after a few struggles, at length gained a victory so complete, that no one now ever calls the subject in question. In like manner, What opposition had the present received theory of the planetary system to encounter, ere it was fairly established, that the planets and the earth move round the sun, instead of the sun, planets, stars, and the whole heavens, moving round the earth? And what is proposed here, pray, but just an extension of the same principle? For in truth, What is the circulation of the blood, but a constant going to and fro from the heart, or centre, to the extremities, and from the extremities to the heart, or centre, again? Or, What is the motion of the planets of our system, and by analogy of all other systems, but a demonstration of the same thing? -See how beautifully the wise and philosophical King of Jerusalem describes these circumvolutions of nature in the language of common life, he says, Eccl. i. 5-7. "The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose. The wind goeth toward the north; it whirleth about continually; and the No. 38.-VOL. IV. so that Thus, according to the method of nature in all her works, there are intervolutions, circles within circles, and wheels within wheels; each object depends, not merely upon those which precede or follow it, but also upon those which surround it, and the great whole of which it forms a part. And what is more astonishing, all is so arranged, that every part is, as it were, a miniature of the whole. The little circle is a miniature of the great circle; and all the intermediate circles are so intervolved and blended with each other, in such an endless variety of ways, as to connect the whole in a manner into one. Matter may thus represent mind,* either by analogy or antithesis, likeness or unlikeness. This world, in like manner, may represent the other worlds of the system; and the planetary system, as a whole, may represent the various other systems of the universe. Yea, man himself may be considered as a microcosm, a world in miniature, involving in his constitution all the constituent principles which compose the universe. The whole universe, it is evident, is under two different kinds of laws, the one physical, and the other moral and man, from the nature of his constitution, as a compound being, made up of body and mind, is alike allied to both. : We may therefore conclude, a priori, that, as the whole universe, both of matter and mind, had its origin from one common source, namely, the Divine Being, the laws of the physical part will correspond with those of the moral; and that whatever can be proved as evidently proceeding from this one source,-whether it regard the subject of Creation, that is, the * See Introduction to Butler's Analogy, where the same thing is hinted. physical laws under which creatures are placed,—Or of Providence, that is, the laws by which they are governed,—Or of Redemption, that is, the principle upon which they are restored from their lapsed state; must harmonize, not only with the nature of God their author, but with the nature of man for whom they are designed, and the whole system of both the worlds of matter and mind, to which he stands related. "When therefore, we compare the known constitution and course of things, or what is said to be the moral system of nature, namely, the acknowledged dispensations of Providence, or that government under which we find ourselves placed, with what the scripture teaches us to believe and expect, in order to see whether they are analogous and of a piece; "it will be found, I think," says the celebrated Bishop Butler, "upon such a comparison, that they are very much so; that both may be traced up to the same general laws, and resolved into the same principles of divine conduct." Taking it for granted, then, that the proofs of Creation, and Providence, and Redemption, as the peculiar works of God, are familiar to the mind of every one; it will be the object of these papers to trace their connection and correspondence, and to adduce them as the most convincing and satisfactory answers to objections brought against the evidence of Revelation. Supposing the above observations to be so many undeniable facts, it will yet require considerable judgment properly to apply and illustrate them. The utmost caution will be necessary not to run the comparisons too far, or to make them speak things they were never designed. In the analogical and inductive method of reasoning, it must be regarded as a sine qua non, that the principles assumed as the foundation of our reasoning must not be doubtful or far-fetched. They ought to be self-evident truths, or, at least, truths proved and established as matters of fact; and all our reasonings from things known, to things unknown, should be unforced, and flow naturally and spontaneously as a stream from a fountain. 'Forming our notions of the constitution and government of the world upon reasoning, without foundation for the principles which we assume, whether from the attributes of God or any thing else, is building a world upon hypothesis, like Des Cartes. Forming our notions upon reasoning from principles which are certain, but applied to cases to which we have no ground to apply them, (like those who explain the structure of the human body, and the nature of diseases, and medicines, from mere mathematics, without sufficient data) is an error much akin to the former; since what is assumed, in order to make the reasoning applicable, is hypothesis."* For example, we have said, that man is a microcosm, or world in miniature, involving in his constitution all the constituent principles which compose the universe. But this, certainly, does not mean that the globe of this earth, is to be compared with the corporeal parts of a human being, with heart and lungs, thoracic and abdominal viscera, with internal linings, surrounded by ribs, muscles, and external integuments. To such an unbounded length, however, do some run the comparison. But such a comparison is entirely chimerical; and should it still be insisted on, that man is a microcosm, or world in miniature, it must be taken only in a general sense, and not run up in the manner some have done, without sufficient data. If the universe be taken in a general acceptation, as composed of matter and mind, it is true in this sense that man is a microcosm; for the two principles which compose both are the same. And in this respect man stands distinguished from every other creature that we know: he is not a mere spirit, for he has a body; nor is he a mere living animal, for he has a rational mind; and therefore, the laws which govern man, must be those which relate not to one branch of the subject only, but to the whole universe both of matter and mind. Upon this ground, it is reasonable to suppose, that the Author of our being would afford us not only a system of nature, such as that of which our experience and reason inform us, which is suited to our condition principally as we stand related to the material world; but that he would also afford us a moral system, such as that *Butler's Analogy. |