Price of Stocks, London, April 26. Bank Stock, 240 39 401 3 per Cent. Red. 774 71 3 per Cent. Cons. 78 7 8 1층 2층 5 3 5 pm. 3 per Cent. 877 8 50c.; Exch. 25f. 20c. to 25c. Neapolitan ditto, with div. fr. Jan. 1, 68. Spanish 5 per Cent. with div. from Oct. 30, 651 COMMERCIAL REPORT, LIVERPOOL, 24th APRIL, 1822. THE occurrences in trade during the last month have not been marked by any thing interesting, nor are there as yet any symptoms of a general improvement. The transactions have been exclusively confined to the supply of the consumers: and the record of last week's transactions will be the criterion to shew the present actual state of commerce in this port. British Plantation Sugar.-Six hundred hogsheads of Sugar have been sold by auction at former rates. Demarara Molasses have fetched 24s. per cwt.-Some considerable sales of Coffee have taken place; fine ordinary quality of Dutch sold at 112s. middling 118s. to 120s. and good middling 125s. per cwt.-The sales of Rum have chiefly been confined to Leewards, at 1s. 10d. per gallon for 19 O. P.; and 2s. 4d. to 2s. 6d. per gallon, for 30 to 36 O. P. Cottons. We have had a fair inquiry during the week from the trade, but the business done is limited, the expected heavy arrivals having had the effect of deterring buyers from supplying themselves as freely as they otherwise would have done; and as some of the holders have been anxious sellers, a reduction of 3th per lb. has been submitted to in boweds, in order to effect sales. Brazils are still very dull, and the prices of last week are with difficulty supported; other sorts remain without alteration. The total sales of the week amount to 5523 packages, and consist of 2690 Boweds, at 84d. to 101d.; 238 Tennesses at 8d. to 8; 375 Orleans, at 10 d. to 12 d.; 299 Sea-Islands, at 13 d. to 18d.; 187 Pernams, at 10 d. to 11 d.; 560 Maranhams, at 10 d. to 10 d.; 425 Bahias, at 10d. to 101d.; 10 Paras, at 10d.; 230 Mina Novas, at 10d.; 110 Mina Geras, at 94d. to 94d.; 229 Demeraras, at 10d. to 10ğd.; 45 Smyrnas, at 7ąd.; 50 Surats, at 74d, to 8d.; 75 Bengals, at 6fd, to 64d. Tobacco-Virginia and Kentucky stemmed have been in good request by the trade. The public sale of 106 chests of Madras Indigo, on the 19th instant, went off rather heavily; good and fine tender purple and blue at 7s. to 8s. per lb.; middling to good, at 6s. to 6s. 9d. per lb.; middling, 5s. to 5s. 9d. per lb, in bond; being a reduction of 6d. to 9d. per lb. in the fine, and 9d. to Is. on the middling qualities, from the Company's last sale. Ashes. The stock of Ashes being small, the sales are necessarily trivial, consisting of Montreal pots, from 36s. to 37s.; Boston pearls, at 47s.-Nothing has been done in Tar.Turpentine of fair quality has been sold at 13s. 6d. per ewt.-There has been some inquiry for Quercitron Bark, and middling to good Philadelphia has been disposed of at 13s. 6d. to 16s. 9d. and fine at 17s. per cwt.-190 tons of Dutch Oak Bark for tanner's use, have been disposed of at £8. 5s. per ton.-110 tons of good solid Nicaragua wood have changed hands at £3. per ton.-Logwood, Jamaica, £10. 10s. per ton.-Mediterranean produce is without alteration.-Tallows continue very dull. The Hide sales have gone off at a small advance, consisting of 4700 Buenos Ayres Cow and Ox, at 10 d. to 11 d. per lb. ; 300 North American, salted, at 5d. per lb.; and 1100 Horse, at 78. 2d. per hide. Grain. At yesterday's Coin Market there was a tolerable attendance of buyers from the country; the holders of Wheat demanded an advance of 3d. per 70lb. which, in some instances, was realized; upon the best qualities of Irish and fine English may be rated 3d. to 6d. per 70lb. higher than in the preceding week's market. The holders of Oats are rather sanguine in their expectations as to higher prices, and therefore are not anxious to effect sales. Sweet American Flour, in bond, readily obtains 32s. to 33s. per barrel. The sales of Rice are, 770 barrels of inferior old Carolina, at 10s. 3d. to 12s. 3d.; and 100 good new, 15s. to 15s. 3d. per cwt. 800 hhds. New York Flax Seed have been sold, at 47s. to 52s. per hhd: 350 Wilmington, at 38s. to 41s.; and 20 casks of Dutch, at 56s. per hhd. LONDON: PRINTED AT THE CAXTON PRESS, BY H. FISHER. THE Emperial Magazine ; OR, COMPENDIUM OF RELIGIOUS, MORAL, & PHILOSOPHICAL KNOWLedge. JUNE.] "SOCIAL REFINEMENT HAS NO EXISTENCE WHERE LITERATURE IS UNKNOWN." [1822. THE PHYSICAL AND MORAL WORLD. verse; but under every sun there may be a particular genus of organization, No. 6.-Extension of the Analogy to the which implies a corresponding accom visible Universe. OUR author having assumed the incorruptibility of the other worlds, as was observed in the last number, proceeds to reason the subject out in the following manner. Art. 116. "But as, in our own world, we see the phenomena of the central, or vegetable, kingdom of nature dependent on the sun, analogy leads us to conclude, that in each of the sister worlds, a state of organization not altogether unlike our own may be maintained, by the instrumentality of the same glorious luminary. The central state being thus determined, will require a corresponding_che- | mical and animal nature; and thus we may regard the solar system as a genus of organization, branching into seven principal species, whereof ours is the third in order, counted from the sun. "I speak not of the satellites and comets, nor of the newly discovered diminutive planets; whose phenomena differ so widely from those of the seven worlds, that they seem to form a kind of system by themselves. "Pursuing those general views, I regaid the solar system as a genus, comprehending seven principal species, whereof the human is one. The human species exhibits the microcosm of this world; and six other rational species may exhibit the microcosm of the other worlds respectively, which belong to the solar genus of organization. Thus may be completed the economy of the first heaven, or solar system, to which our world and species belong. "Thus the same analogy which leads us to reason out the phenomena of the first heavens,' leads us also to those of the second or visible uni verse. "An immense system of nature, comprehending the three central steps of the scale, may thus extend through the whole visible or conceivable uniNo. 41-VOL. IV. modation of the chemical and animal states. The generic character of each may thus appear in the central step of the scale, agreeably to the great analogy typified in this world; for, as I have said, the whole is a scheme of intervolution, where every part is typical of the whole." In this way I conclude, that our solar system, or genus of organization, containing seven principal rational species, is but one of millions of other genera which exist in the universe, cach of them under a Sun, or what we call a fixed star. Nay, it is highly probable, that all the fixed stars themselves which we see, together with our own sun, belong to one great cluster or congregation, and that the nebula, which are dimly seen in the nocturnal sky, are other clusters or congregations ; but at such vast distances, that none of the particular suns composing them can be discerned-nothing but a dim light resulting from each congregation, as it were en masse.* Thus, it is probable there are species, genera, orders, classes; or worlds, systems, congregations; all in rapid motion; orbs within orbs, wheels within wheels, in perfect systematic order. "Human imagination cannot conceive the immensity of the grandeur, the interminable variety, where the stupendous power of the Eternal has operated. We are expressly told, that the works which He hath made, far exceed the flight of human genius, in its most transcendent efforts. Let us imagine what we will, to the utmost rack and stretch of the mind immortal, still we are within, greatly within, the vast circle of the universe of God! ay, within even the second circle. For after all our imaginations are exhausted by the realities that may occur in the boundless variety which is there, the third heaven,' or unimaginable 21 *Such is the opinion of Herschel. state of eternity, succeeds and extends beyond all." Thus are all the works and ways of God comprehended in three great circles, like all the rays of the sun in a threefold radiance. There is first the circle of the planets in our system, (and every other system will have its circle in like manner,) extending from the sun as the centre, to the most distant planet that moves round him. There is next the circle of the visible universe, the habitation of the fixed stars, which are innumerable, diffused throughout the whole canopy of the heavens, not only in the line of one circumference, or in the circumference of a zone of immense width, but in the line of circumferences in all directions in the concave arch of heaven, not only in the heaven which is above, but in that also which is below, and all round us. Nor are they to be conceived as stationed on a plane surface at the extremity of the vast expanse; but the circle, immense as its radius is, must have a centre, from which to its circumference in all directions and at all proper distances, are placed worlds, systems, congregations. But beyond all this, there is in the third place, the heaven of eternity, the house of God, and the proper residence of the angelic host, the sons of God, who existed not from, but in eternity with respect to us, that is to say, ere any part of this universe was created; and who, when the millions of "morning stars sang together," these truly heaven-born sons of God shouted for joy.* This pathless heaven of eternity has no bounds of circumference like the other two. Its extremity, which we conceive, is in fact no extremity: it never comes to a termination: it is absolutely boundless, both as to time and space. Yet, in relation to the visible universe, there are two opposite points in the circle of eternity, place them in what direction you choose, perpendicular or horizontal, or in whatever angle you will,--if the line uniting them only pass through the centre, it will divide eternity, in relation to this universe, into two parts,—namely, eternity ab ante, and eternity to come. And in the interval between these two points, will be comprised all the events which belong to *Job xxxviii. 7. this world, and to all other worlds, whether they regard systems or individuals, classes, orders, genera, or species. All, all must be included, from the immense whole to the minutest part. And as it is evident, that no part of this whole could give existence to itself, so in like manner, the great whole could not exist by itself. This, therefore, brings us necessarily to place at the point ab ante, in the circle of eternity, efficient causation, which gave birth to all being in the universe. And as there is evidently the strongest marks of wisdom and design manifest throughout the whole-some great and important end to be answered by such a wonderful evolution as the universe unfolds,this, on the other hand, leads us to place at the point eternity to come, in the circle of eternity, final causation, which relates to the grand end or design for which all being in the universe was made. And we are to conceive God as the ALL IN ALL throughout the whole, The ALPHA and OMEGA, The BEGINNING and the END.— And as the circumference of the earth's orbit is considered only as a point in comparison of the distance of the fixed stars, even so the circumference of the whole created universe, is to be considered but as a point in comparison of Him, who filleth all in all; and whose being, and works, and ways, are unsearchable, and past finding out. The reader having pursued these reflections, may now be prepared to take a cursory view of the three circles, exhibited in the frontispiece of our author's theory; where he has the whole symbolically represented, through the medium of his bodily organs, to those of his mind. Be To comprehend this sensible representation, we must imagine three circles, as in col. 303; in the innermost of which, the author places "the solar system, or first heaven :" this he calls "the sphere of animal sense." yond this is the second circle, within the confines of which stand "the visible universe, or the heaven of heavens, the sphere of intelligence or abstraction, transcending animal sense." The third and last he calls, "the invisible state of eternity, or the third heaven, transcending animal sense and unaided reason." Through the centres of these circles he draws a they will ascend a lofty tree in a few minutes. "Both men and women rub their bodies all over with oil; this they say is a preventive against the bites of the mosquitoe and the fly; but this produces such unpleasantness as to prevent their near approach. It is not an uncommon thing to see entrails of fish frying upon their heads by the heat of the sun, till the oil runs down their faces and bodies: this is considered to be of so much importance that their children are taught the lesson before they are three years old. The natives frequently ornament their bodies and line, as in the second figure, col. 304, at one extremity of which he places "First beginning; eternity ab ante; efficient cause:" and at the other, "Last end; eternity to come; final cause." And as beyond the second circle of the visible universe, excepting from the light of revelation, all is dark and inscrutable to the human intellect, so it is presumed to be marked with shades in the sensible representation. But since it is known from revelation, that an effulgence of light and glory fills the throne of the Eternal, although we know not specifically in what this light and glory consist; so these shades are covered over with a sacred radi-necks with fish bones, birds' feathers, ance. The different subjects which slips of wood, and the teeth of the fill up the respective steps of the Kangaroo. scale, the reader may find in cols. 303 to 306, published in our number for April. (To be continued.) NATIVES OF NEW SOUTH WALES. THE following particulars are extracted from letters written in that colony, and dated October, 1822. "The natives of New South Wales are far from being a stout race of people, they are very slender, and of the middle stature; their limbs are very small, and their arms and legs are remarkably slender. The cause of this deficiency in muscular strength is the great want of food. It is true that those who live on the coast by fishing, are much better, in their appearance, than the natives who live in the interior by hunting. The food of the former is more to be depended upon than the latter, which is always casual and uncertain. "An observer, however, will soon perceive, that the arms and legs of the men, though slender, are very long; this arises from their custom of climbing trees, in pursuit of the flying squirrel and opossum, and likewise to gather wild honey. They ascend the loftiest trees and branches with the greatest speed and ease. They cut with their stone hatchets notches in the bark of the tree, large and deep enough to receive their great toe. The toe is placed in the first notch, and the tree embraced by the left arm, then a second notch is cut, at a proper distance from the other, on which is placed the right toe. In this manner "At the time of battle, they mark their bodies with white and red clay, drawing a line round each eye, down each rib, and in different parts of the body; but the greatest ornament they have, is the scars upon their breasts, arms, and legs. They produce these scars by cutting the flesh with sharp shells; and by keeping the incision open, the flesh grows up on each side, and after some time, skins over and becomes a large seam, which seam is considered as a badge of honour. "The women undergo, when children, the operation of losing two joints of the little finger on the left hand. This is performed by tying a hair round the joint, which stops the circulation, when the part falls off in consequence of mortification; all those who do not suffer this loss, are treated with contempt. "The colour of the natives is quite black: when first born the skin is red, but in a few days' time it turns to the colour of the adults; but this may be the effect of oil and charcoal, with which the child is rubbed all over. The new-born infant is carried about for some days, by the mother, in a piece of bark; but as soon as it has acquired strength enough, it is set upon the shoulders of its mother, with its legs round her neck, and it lays hold of the hair of her head to keep itself up. The children are named after some bird, fish, or beast. At an early age they are taught the customs of their own tribe. "The native men have a custom among them of extracting the right front tooth. The person who performs this work comes from a distance. They approach the appointed place, being armed with shields, clubs, and throwing-sticks; and painted according to the custom of their own tribes. The spot of ground being fixed upon, and made known to all concerned, the performers having arrived, take their stand at one part of the cleared spot, and from twenty to thirty boys are placed on the opposite side. The ceremony then begins. The persons bearing arms approach with singing and beating their shields and spears, and with their feet kicking up the dust to such a degree, as to hide the boys completely from their sight. One of the armed men steps forward, takes one of the lads upon his back, and conveys him to the party, who hail him with a great shout. In this way the whole of the lads are taken, and placed on one side of the ring, which had been cleared for them; every one being placed upon the ground, with his legs crossed under him. "The natives well know that the operation of taking out the tooth will cause much pain: they therefore endeavour to impress upon the minds of the lads, who are to undergo the ceremony, the great honour which they will acquire, when they are admitted among themselves as equal in rank. to the depth required. At the end of the spear, they have from one to four barbed prongs, with a hook made of bone. In the summer time, a man will lie across his canoe, with his face near the water, with his spear in readiness to dart; and in this manner they watch for their prey, and seldom miss their object." As a natural concomitant of their condition, the natives are remarkably superstitious. But even their fallacious hopes and fears, furnish evidence that they believe in spiritual agency. They describe the approach and appearance of a spirit or apparition, as coming to them with a great noise, and say that it will seize hold of the first person it comes near by the throat. In its approach it comes slowly along, with the body bent, and the hands clenched together on a level with its face; in this manner it moves on till it secures the party or person which it has in view. The remedy against the power or influence of the object they dread, is, according to their relation, as follows: They believe that by sleeping at the grave of a deceased friend or person, they shall, from what takes place at that grave, be freed from all future apprehensions respecting spirits; for during the time of sleep, the soul of the deceased comes to them, takes hold of their throat, and opens the body, takes out their bowels, which are afterwards replaced, and the body closed up. "In the time of darkness, they are much afraid to move, and on this account few have courage enough to lie by the grave a whole night; but all who do go through the form, are placed among the brave and honourable. "After they have gone through various ceremonies, the first lad is placed upon a man's shoulder. The gum is lanced with a bone, made sharp at one end after the gum is cut, the bone is placed upon the proper tooth, and after three aims are taken, the blow is struck, and the tooth falls out perfect and clear. The lad is then removed by some of his tribe, who are appointed to dress him according to their custom; which dress sometimes consists in a girdle, a wooden sword, and a band round the head. The first day he is not suffered to speak to any person, or to eat the least piece of food, and his left hand must be kept upon his mouth until sun-rising; if the lad endures the operation without complaining, he is thought to be brave. An addition to the lad's name is given, which is the name of the person on whose shoulders They think it dangerous to dress he sat. fish, or any kind of food, after day"The men are very expert in fish-light has disappeared; they believe ing; they spear the fish with their fishgig, which is about twelve feet long, and is lengthened by joints, according "If a star shoots, something of great moment is expected to come to pass; they are much terrified by thunder and lightning, but they believe that by repeating some few words, and breathing with all their power, they can prevent it from doing them any damage, and that both the thunder and lightning will soon cease. 66 if they should broil fish in the dark, that the wind will blow a contrary way to what they desire, or what will |