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tions have been crowned with unex- | Suffield, and Sandon; the Rt. Hon. ampled success. The anniversary of the Chancellor of the Exchequer; Rt. this society was held in City Road Hon. C. Grant; Sir T. D. Ackland, Chapel, on the last Monday in April; Sir R. H. Inglis, Sir C. S. Hunter, Joseph Butterworth, Esq. M. P. in Sir Mont. Chomley, Barts. ; S. Wortthe chair. The auxiliary meeting for ley, W. Whitmore, and William the London district was held in Great Wilberforce, Esqrs. M. P. The meetQueen-street Chapel, on the evening ing was also honoured with the preof the Wednesday preceding. The sence of the Rev. Mr. Monod, Secreannual meeting at City Road was most tary of the Paris Protestant Bible numerously attended; and the great- Association, and that of the Rev. est order prevailed. About thirty Theodore Blumhardt, Professor of the ministers were present on the occa- University of Basle. Of these gentlesion; and the animating speeches men, the greater number addressed which were delivered gave high grati- the meeting in a manner that did hofication to the silent and listening aunour both to their heads and their ditory. Lord Gambier honoured the hearts; but it will be impossible for meeting with his presence. In all the us to follow them through their eloMethodist chapels on the preceding quent speeches. It appeared from Sunday, collections were made in fa- | the_report, that the receipts of the vour of this institution, and in Queen- society during the year had amounted street and City-road on two former to upwards of £103,000, and that the days. The sums collected in all the expenditure exceeded £90,000, in adchapels, including some liberal do- dition to which, the society, relying nations, exceeded twelve hundred on a benevolent public, had laid itself pounds. under engagements amounting to £50,000.

Church Missionary Society.

The anniversary of this society was held on the last day of April, at the great hall, Freemason's Tavern. The chair was taken by the Rt. Hon. President, Admiral Lord Gambier. The company was large and highly respectable; probably not less than 3000 persons were present; the ladies formed a large proportion, but many of them could not be accommodated with seats. The accounts detailed in the report were highly gratifying. From these it appeared, that in every direction the gospel was gaining converts, and its truths taking daily a more extensive spread. The funds also were in a flourishing condition. The receipts of the late year, amounting to £32,976, proved decisively that the stock of public benevolence was not exhausted.

British and Foreign Bible Society.

The picture which this report exhibited, as to the progress of the society, and its vast utility, was also of the most pleasing description. The Bible Society seems to be the grand instrument, through which all the inhabitants of the world will be made acquainted with the word of God.

London Hibernian Society.

The anniversary of this society was held at Freemason's Hall, on Saturday the 4th of May, H. R. H. the Duke of Gloucester in the chair. The object of this institution is, to communicate instruction to poor children in Ireland. The report stated, that there are now under its patronage, 575 schools, containing, in the aggregate, 53,233 children. This association had received from the Bible Society, 1000 Bibles, and 10,000 Testaments, during the last year, and had distributed 80,000 copies. Of the above 575 schools, extending over 23 counties, out of 32, which Ireland includes, 35 only are under the superintendence of Catholic priests. The receipts during the year amounted to £5562, and the expenditure to £6863, leaving a large deficiency for benevolence to supply.

On Wednesday, May the 1st, the anniversary of this grand national institution took place at Freemason's Tavern, Lord Teignmouth in the chair. Among the distinguished individuals who honoured this meeting with their presence were, His R. H. the Duke of Gloucester; the Bishops of Salisbury, St. David's, and Norwich; the Earls** An Account of the Benevolent Inof Harrowby, Gosford, and Rocksa- stitutions will be resumed, and we hope vage; Lords Calthorpe, Gambier, concluded, in our next.

RELIEF OF IRELAND.

IRELAND has, during many months, exhibited a scene of wretchedness, which no language can adequately describe. Domestic cruelty, fraud, and imposition, have long brandished a whip of scorpions over the suffering inhabitants. This has been followed by retaliation; and fire, robbery, and murder, marching in dreadful phalanx in the van, have extended in the rear the empire of desolation.

To suppress the spirit of insurrection, law and justice have marched among them, and multitudes have paid for their aggressions with the forfeiture of their lives. To complete the dreadful picture, famine has lately paid a visit to their ill-fated shores; and many in the disturbed districts, who had escaped the torch of the incendiary, and the halter of the executioner, have been doomed to perish by hunger; while multitudes who still survive, have felt nearly all the pangs of actual starvation.

Amidst this complication of calamity and crime, we rejoice to find that Great Britain, ever ready to sympathize with the distressed, and to extend the hand of benevolence to suffering humanity, has nobly come forward to their relief. In the metropolis, and a few other places, £56,542 have been subscribed, and the spirit of liberality seems still undiminished. We record this act of munificence with pleasure, being fully persuaded, that Europe at present can hardly present to the eye of compassion, a case of more unexampled misery.

In several cities and large towns, the same sympathising spirit is manifesting itself; and we doubt not that subscriptions will become general throughout the kingdom. The distresses of Ireland have excited the attention of the British Govern

ment.

GLEANINGS FROM LITERATURE, SCIENCE, &e.

Worm-proof Timber. This discovery was accidentally made by Captain Thomas Shields, who found that a particular stake, used for fastening a boat, had remained perfectly good and stanch for a year; whereas others had to be replaced every two or three months, being destroyed by the worm. On examination this stake proved to be of Sweet Gum, a tim

...

ber usually considered of no value. Capt. S. deciding to make a full and fair experiment, it down until it squared nine inches, and then procured a small tree of the Sweet Gum, hewed had it staked in three feet water, affording every opportunity to the worm. It remained thus exposed for four years; when on examination it was found perfectly free from moss, hewing it down again an inch or more, no barnacle, and all other excrescence; and on traces of the worm were to be seen, except three or four small punctures of inconsiderable depth.

The Sweet Gum (Liquidambar styraciflua of Linneus) is in great abundance on the Alabama, and the lakes and bays between Pensacola and New Orleans; it is of prodigious girth and towering tallness; frequently exhibiting a smooth stem of 50 or 60 feet, and remarkably straight. It can be sawed into planks of almost any size, but it will not split. The flexibility of this timber is such, that a thin plank may be bent and shaped almost as one pleases.

Apple Trees. A gentleman at Littleburg in Essex, having in his orchard many old supposed worn-out apple-trees, which produced fruit scarcely larger than a walnut, last winter took fresh-made lime from the kiln, slacked it with water, and (without allowing time for its caustic quality being injured by imbibing fixed air) well dressed the trees, applying the lime that the insects with a brush. The result was, and moss were completely destroyed, the outer rind fell off, and a new smooth, clear one, formed; and the trees, although some twenty years old, have now a moist healthy appearance. The same treatment may be extended to other fruit-bearing trees, and probably with a similar beneficial result.

Engraving.-A patent has been obtained by Mr. J. L. Bradbury, of Manchester, for an invention of a new mode of engraving and etching metal rollers, used for printing upon woollen, cotton, linen, paper, cloth, silk, &c.-smooth polished surfaces, similar to the surCopper cylinders are to be provided, with faces of ordinary copper-plates intended to be engraven with devices for printing from. The process of etching or engraving is conducted as follows:-the rollers are to be heated by a charcoal fire, over which they may be suspended and turned round upon temporary wooden pins, fixed into their ends; or they may be heated by immersion in hot water, or by steam in a closed vessel. Several thicknesses of cloth are proposed to be wrapped bruises or scratches, to which it might otherround each roller, to guard its surfaces from wise be subject in heating; and, in order to prevent the hot water from drying up in stains, the rollers are to be rubbed perfectly dry. When thus heated, they are conveyed to a hot room, free from dust, and there varnished with the ordinary etching ground, in the manner usually adopted by engravers.

Prussic Acid,-A powerful poison, has lately become an efficient ally of the healing art. Its chief efficacy is found to consist in allaying the general irritability of the system, and in the harassing cough of phthisis pulmonalis. It has also been found very efficacious when applied to the nerves of an aching tooth. We advise care in the use of this medicine, as,

in the bands of the ignorant, it may be productive of the most injurious consequences.

Croton Oil.-This oil is obtained from the seeds of the Croton tiglium, a native tree of Malabar; and is a scarce and dear article: but it has been lately used with great success as an active purgative. Its great advantage, among others, is the smallness of its dose, one or two drops being sufficient. It may be given made into a pill with crumb of bread. It sometimes produces nausea and griping; but it is in general as manageable and mild in its operation, when duly administered, as castor oil, to which, from the bulk of the latter necessary for a dose, it is greatly superior. It usually operates in the course of half an hour after it has been taken.

Carbonate of Iron,-Has been given with great success in the distressing complaint of the face, called tic doloureux. It must be given in large doses of not less than two scruples, or even a drachm, or four scruples, at a time, and be repeated two or three times a day. It must be also taken for some continu

ance.

Antidote for Vegetable Poisons.-It has been ascertained by numerous experiments, that the fruit of Feuillea cardifolia is a powerful antidote against vegetable poisons. Dogs have been poisoned by the Rhus Toxicodendron (Swamp Sumac,) Hemlock, and Nux vomica; and all those that were left to the poison died; while those to which the Feuillea was administered, recovered completely after a short illness.

Arrow Root.--Indian Arrow Root grows wild in every part of the Island of St. Michael. At present, it is almost entirely neglected by the natives, but some of the foreign families prepare small quantities of it for their private use. The root in its natural state is extremely acid to the taste, and if chewed, causes a profuse salivation; when applied to the skin for some time, it produces heat, redness, and pain. The preparation consists in separating the fecula by careful and repeated washings after the root has been grated; but the effects produced by handling the root are so unpleasant, that persons can with difficulty be hired to conduct the necessary operations.

Literary Notices.

Just Published, in 1 vol. 18mo. The Clas sical Collector's Vade Mecum; containing accurate Lists of the Polyglott, Hebrew, Greek, and Latin Bibles, Greek Testaments, as also of the Greek and Roman Authors, known as Editiones Principes, Aldine, Stephens's, Delphin, Variorum, Bipont, Elzevir, with many others; exhibiting a collection far more numerous and complete than has yet been published.

The first number of a Magazine in French under the title of "Le Musee des Varietes Litteraires," to be continued monthly.

Mr. John Killey, of Liverpool, has lately published a New System of Cutting Clothes, &c. accompanied with Engravings; to which is added a Sketch of the Stature Measurement of the Human Figure, whereby a person may be enabled to cut Clothes for customers abroad.

The History of Stamford, in the county of Lincoln; with St. Martin's, Stamford Baron, and Great and Little Wothorpe, in the county of Northampton; embellished with 10 fine engravings, in demy 8vo.; and, with proof impressions of the plates, in demy 4to."

Mr. B. Prescott, astronomer, of Liverpool, has lately published a work entitled The Inverted Scheme of Copernicus;" in which he attempts to refute the Newtonian System, and prove, by Astronomical Observations and Tables, the Divine System to be true.

Mr. L. Towne, author of the "Farmer's Directory," will shortly publish a small Treatise on the Rot in Sheep.

Preparing for the press. Sequel to an unfinished manuscript of Henry Kirke White's, designed to illustrate, by various examples, the contrast afforded by Christians and infidels at the close of life.

Speedily will be published, "Uriel; a Poetical Address to the Right Hon. Lord Byron," written on the Continent with Notes, containing Strictures on the Spirit of Infidelity maintained in his works. With several other Poems.

Just arrived from America, A Journal of Travels into the Arkansa Territory, during the year 1819; with occasional Observations on the Manners of the Aborigines; by Mr. Thos. Nuttall, F.L.S.

Price of Stocks, London, May 25. 3 per Cent. Red. 7834 | Long An. 193 13-16 3 perCent.Cons. 79134 India Stock, 3 per Cent. 8911 4 per Cent. 9478 4 per Cent. (New) 95 5 per Cent. shut Bank Stock, 240

Do. Bonds, 55 54
Excheq. Bills, £1000,
3 pm par
Cons. for Acc. 803 797
80 79%

Prices of Foreign Stock in London, May 25.

French 5 Prussian 5

per

Cents. 88 50
per Cent. Bonds, 86
Columbian Old Bonds, 100%
Ditto 6 per Cent. Bonds, 843
Ditto, Scrip, 853

Spanish 5 per Cent. Bonds, 623
Ditto new ditto, 63
Danish 5 per Cent. Bonds, 817
Neapolitan ditto, 70

Price of Irish Stocks, May 21.
Gov. Stock, 3 per Cent. 90 89
Gov. Deb. 5 per Cent. 27
Do. Stock, 5 per Cent. 27

Average Price of Grain per Quarter, for the 12
Districts, from the Gazette.

Wheat. Barley. Oats. Rye. Beans. Peas. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Apr.20.44 2 18 10 16 119 8 21 11 21 9

27.44 7 17 11 16 318 7 24 121 11 May 4. 45 7 17 7 16 519 5 21 4 22 8 11.46 8 17 5 17 420 8 22 4 22 11

Number of Bankrupts. Average Prices of Sugar April 27, 30, Apr.24, 33s. 6d. cwt. May 4, 7, May 1, 32 108

8

8, 34 15, 32 103

Total

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21,

25

16

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13

14

100

COMMERCIAL REPORT, LIVERPOOL, 25th MAY, 1822.

THERE exists considerable dulness in our market; and the variations since our last have been of little moment. In time of peace, the fluctuations of commerce are few-still the demand for the consumption of the country continues; and notwithstanding the importations of many articles have been heavy, the present moderate stocks evince the extent of the wants of this empire. Speculative operations are very unfrequent, as capitalists shew little inclination to invest their money, in consequence of the many disappointments they have experienced. Still there are other circumstances which may have tended to increase the dulness pervading most of the lines of commerce. The bills now before the legislature relative to a free trade, and the uncertainty of war in the eastern part of Europe, naturally keep men aloof from enterprises. It is, perhaps, not too sanguine to say, that the prospect appears to brighten, and we anticipate an improved state of commerce, which the intended removal of restrictions will render more enlarged, and secure.

The sales of Cotton Wool, since our last, have been 29,323 packages-large supplies are just now arriving at Market; when these are brought forward, it is probable that buyers will come forward more freely, the more so, as the demand for some weeks past has been languid, and our prices have gradually given way. The sales of the present week are 5023 packages, as follows:

2960 Bags of Upland,

245

60

274

376

263

254

d.

d.

d.

d.

[blocks in formation]

Orleans,

91 to 11

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[blocks in formation]

101 to 10%
10% to 10%

210

Surat,
Bengal

to 71

6 to 6

The result of this week's operations, is a further reduction in the prices of Upland and Orleans, and a heavy sale: Sea Islands move off slowly and at lower rates. Brazils are in very limited demand, and continue rather to give way in price. During the present week little confidence has been shewn either by buyers or sellers.

The late brisk inquiry for Tobacco has in a great measure subsided, and the demand is at present limited to supplying the wants of consumers, for there is not, at present, any sale of moment for shipment.

Sugars. The stock of B. P. Sugars with the importers is very low, so that the parcels arriving find a ready sale. This week about 460 hogsheads of Demarara and St. Vincent's, have been taken by the grocers, at an advance of 1s. per cwt. The quotations are, browns 53s. to 58. middling 60s. to 68s.: good 69s. 71s. 1600 bags of low white Bengal Sugar, at auction, brought 71s. 3d. to 71s. 6d. per cwt. 90 puncheons of good St. Vincent Molasses brought 28s. per cwt.

Coffee. There have been no publie sales this week: the business done by private treaty consists of a few casks of Jamaica to the grocers, at 117s. to 130s. per cwt. for middling to good middling qualities.

Rum. The sales this week have been limited to 60 puncheons of strong Demeraras, at 2s. 3d. to 2s. 6d. per gallon, for 28 to 36 O. P. and 20 puncheons of common Leewards, at 1s. 3d. per gallon.

:

There continues a steady sale for Rice, and the price improves: this week about 350 casks of good Carolina sold for export at 14s. 6d. to 15s. 6d. per cwt. with 50 tierces of old at 12s. The market for Hides is still flat, in consequence of the uncertainty there remains respecting the duty being reduced. Several cargoes of Dutch Oak Bark have been sold at £8. per ton.

Dry Salteries, &c.-Montreal Pot-Ashes have sold at 36s. 6d. to 37s.: Pearls 45s.: NewYork Pearls 48s. Dye-Woods are in fair demand. Honduras and Campeachy Logwood £10. 10s. to £11. Nicaragua Wood £28. Cuba Fustic £12. to £13. per ton. 40 tons of Brimstone have been sold at £22. per ton.

Fish Oils decline in price: 20 tuns of Cod Oil have been disposed of at £20. per tun: and 20 tuns of Whale Oil at £21. per tun. Seed Oils move off slowly. Palm Oil is difficult of sale at £27. per tun.

The prices of Tallow are in a great measure nominal, the inquiry just now being limited to the immediate wants of the consumers: however, 100 casks have been sold to arrive at 40s. per cwt. St. Petersburg clean Hemp is now offering at £43. per ton. For Pine Timber the demand is steady: the dealers have taken four or five cargoes of Miramichi at 21 d. per foot. Grain.-There is not any improvement in our Corn Market, and it continues much depressed. Irish Wheat, except for the finer qualities, is lower. Oats go off tolerably well. Barley is of heavy sale. For bonded Grain there is not any demand; several exports are now making on owners' account. 140 hhds of American Flax Seed have sold at ship, at 36s. per hhd.

ERRATA. Col. 339, note, for Coleridge's Sybilline leaves, read Coleridge's Poems, 2d Edition. Col. 341, last line, for least sorry writer, read best song writer. Col. 367, 4th line from the bottom, for Ripton read Skipton. Col. 292, line 13 from the bottom, for Mr. Brown read Mr. Bowden of the Royal Navy.

LONDON: PRINTED AT THE CAXTON PRESS, BY H. FISHER.

THE

Emperial Magazine ;

OR, COMPENDIUM OF

RELIGIOUS, MORAL, & PHILOSOPHICAL KNOWLEdge.

JULY.] “SOCIAL REFINEMENT HAS NO EXISTENCE WHERE LITERATURE IS UNKNOWN." [1822.

THE PHYSICAL AND MORAL WORLD.

No. 8.-Examination of the chief Phenomena of the right or spiritual side of the Scale, in relation to mere animated nature. And, 1, Of animated being in general, and the external

senses.

Having, in our preceding papers, traced the analogy between this world and the visible universe, particularly in the three central steps of the scale; and taken a glance of the inscrutable state of eternity which surrounds it on all sides, we return to the point whence we set out, in order to trace the analogy in another line.

threefold state. There is, first, the nutritive function of plants; which is the lowest of the order of functions, and it may be compared with the chemical solar radiance, because this function operates without exciting heat in plants, and these rays have no heat; and, moreover, it is from this kingdom principally, that plants derive their nourishment. There is, secondly, the nutritive function of animals; which stands higher in the order of functions, and may correspond with the central rays of light, in as much as this kind of function is more apparent than that of plants; the gross aliments being taken into the stomach, and there digested in a more conspi

The chief phenomena of the right or spiritual side of the scale, is, accord-cuous manner than can be traced in ingly, the subject we are now to treat. And it is only because the septenary arrangements of our author seem to throw some additional glimmerings on this abstruse subject, that we would think of touching it at all; so completely has it baffled the attempts, even of the most ingenious, to illustrate it thoroughly.

The Animal, Intellectual, and Moral are the three steps on the right or spiritual side of the scale; and with the first of these we shall begin.

1. The Animal.

In the animal kingdom, it is evident that there is a certain something, we know not what it is, nor can we know, for in the scale of its existence it is analogous to matter in its elementary state, which evolves the phenomena of life, by means of a double set of organs, the one performing functions of nutrition, the other those functions of sensation which are peculiar to animation.

The Stomach, and the Brain, with its elongation in the spinal marrow, are the principal organs concerned in these functions.

Like the threefold radiance of the
Sun, the nutritive and sensitive func-
tions seem to exist in nature in a
Left.
Animal Nutrition.
No.42-VOL. IV.

plants; and, moreover, in as much as it is stationed, by nature, in a middle state between two, viz. the nutritive function of plants and the sensitive function of animals, as the rays of light are in the sun-beam. There is, thirdly, the sensitive function of animals; which is the highest in the order of functions, and may correspond with the rays of heat, or caloric, because these stand highest in the solar radiance, and are the most powerful and penetrating of all the three; and the most nearly assimilated to the animal functions of sensation, which become perfectly benumbed, and even languish and die without heat.

Thus have we reasoned out by analogy, the nutritive and sensitive functions to be threefold, like the threefold radiance of the sun; and in this respect, in a general view, they may represent the material universe in the following manner.

The two functions of nutrition and sensation in animals, answer to the two first perceivable objects in the universe, namely, Matter and Mind ; and accordingly hold a similar place with them in the scale, animal nutrition on the left, and animal sensation on the right, thus, Right. Animal Sensation.

Central state.

2 P

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