is of the first order of excellence. The whole covers an area of ten thousand square feet, and represents the city of Jerusalem, with its thousand objects of sacred interest, and the adjoining country on every hand, all round to the horizon. The coloring is rich but natural. The panorama of Niagara is perhaps as good a representation of the mighty cataract as a painting can convey. But the sound, the motion, the awful volume of water-these, of necessity, are wanting.

WEINEDEL'S GALLERY.- Many of the pictures in the gallery of this gentleman, at No. 200 Broadway, are of very superior merit. The head of CHRIST, in the 'Tribute Money,' after Titian, satisfies the imagination of the personal presence of our SAVIOur. How calm, spiritual, and God-like! The Daughter of Herodias,' after Carlo Dolci, is a gem of art. Although bold, the coloring has all the softness and delicacy of the finest miniature. The face is of perfect beauty. 'Potiphar's Wife,' after Cignani, a celebrated painter of the Lombardic school, is a rich, voluptuous effort, and belongs, like 'Adam and Eve,' to the class of 'great moral pictures!' There are some thirty other paintings, of various merit, which we lack space to particularize.

LITERARY RECORD.

NEW-YORK REVIEW.-Judging from such articles as we have found leisure to peruse, the number of the 'New-York Review' for the July quar er is even an improvement upon its predecessors, spirited as they have been. The review of Gardiner's 'Music of Nature,' and the article on Steam Navigation, are replete with various interesting matters, connected with their general themes, and the notice taken of Miss MARTINEAU is capital. Some of the opinions of the reviewer are identical with those expressed in these pages, in a review of her 'Retrospect of Western Travel.' The system of reputationmaking, by small literary cliques, is well and fearlessly exposed; although some American writers are mentioned, who would scorn, as we think, to acquire fame, or confer it, by any other than the legitimate means. High praise is awarded to the 'Life of Brant,' in an able and elaborate review of that excellent work, and some one who loves learning for learning's sake, and the good it achieves, has furnished an admirable paper upon education, embracing, collaterally, a spirited defence - unhappily needed in this cui bono age of the study of the ancient languages. Several other reviews, with numerous briefer but well-digested literary notices, make up the number, which we have rather mentioned than 'noticed.' But time and space are imperative.

NEW BOOKS, ETC. — We notice the publication, and acknowledge the receipt, of the following works. A hasty and inadequate perusal, at a late period, entitles us only to this brief record of their names and character: 'Memoirs of Sir William Knighton, Bart., keeper of the privy purse, during the reign of His Majesty, George the Fourth, including his correspondence with many distinguished personages. By Lady Knighton.' Philadelphia: Carey, LEA AND BLANCHARD; 'The Athenian Captive, a Tragedy, in five Acts. By Talfourd, author of 'Ion.' New-York: J. AND H. G. LANGLEY; 'The Squire, a Novel, by the author of 'The Heiress,' 'Agnes Searle,' etc. Philadelphia: E. L. CAREY AND A. HART; 'The credit system in France, Great Britain, and the United States. By H. C. CAREY, author of 'Principles of Political Economy,' etc. Philadelphia: Carey, Lea and BLANCHARD; Turner's Sacred History of the World, third volume, and eighty-fourth of HARPERS' Family Library. A notice of an Address delivered before the 'St. Patrick's Benevolent Society' of South Carolina, by B. R. CARROLL, Esq., prepared for the present number, will appear in our next.

'ST. JONATHAN, THE LAY OF A SCALD.'-Canto II. of this poem has appeared. It exhibits the same fluency of versification, the same bizarre conceits of rhythm, the same forcing of words and names into most grotesque positions, which were remarkable in the first canto. Yet is there decided talent in the poem, and great cleverness in the general management of so great a variety of interpolated themes, in the way of interlude or episode. Let our young author persevere. The true spirit is in him; and he needs but time, to make him all he may desire for himself, or his friends expect of him. Let him emulate, to some extent, the Italian poet, who had a desk with forty divisions, through which his verses were made to pass in succession, before they were given to the world. If he would wake the strings of his lyre to higher utterance, let him avoid hasty publication. It may be irksome to hammer, and file, and polish, but inasmuch as ripe fruit is better than green, he will find abundant reward in the final result of his labors.

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COL. STONE'S LIFE OF BRANT. We were prepared to expect an elaborate and excellent work in the life of BRANT, by Col. STONE; but in truth, the two superb volumes before us have altogether exceeded our anticipations, not only in their copiousness and general literary execution, but in their numerous elegant embellishments, and the unusual beauty of their typography. We shall take an early occasion to present such a review of this work as its many merits demand. It is the fruit of great labor and untiring research, and beside the varied life of its subject proper, embodies a greater number of interesting facts in the history of the war of the revolution, than any half dozen similar works extant. We unhesitatingly commend it to our readers, as replete with rare information, entertaining narrative, and romantic incidents. Mr. GEORGE DEARBORN, Goldstreet, is the publisher, and he deserves high praise for the manner in which the volumes are given to the public.

'BURTON, OR THE SIEGES.'-This is an American romance, in two volumes, by the author of 'Lafitte,' and that very entertaining and popular work, 'The South-West, by a Yankee.' Doubtless it would have received adequate notice at our hands, had it been a more indifferent production, for then it had not been purloined from our table by some tasteful novel-reading friend, who has robbed us of its perusal. There is a goodly number, however, who are more fortunate; for the first edition was gone, as we learn, in a week, and a second large one hurried to press, before the author had an opportunity to correct a few errors. In discussing the merits of the work, whatever they may be, the public seem to be employing the argumentum ad crumenam, a species of reasoning so gratifying to publishers in general, and authors in particular.

CONSTANCE LATIMER. - A very beautiful and affecting story is 'Constance Latimer, or the Blind Girl,' from the pen of a valued correspondent, Mrs. EMMA C. EMBURY, re.cently published by the HARPERS. We have but space to say thus much, at the late hour of the receipt of the volume, and to add, that it is published for the benefit of the 'New-York Institution for the Blind,' and that there are beside, in the little book, two other tales, seasoned, like the first, with kindly mixtures of matter calculated to feed and fertilize the mind. The cause of a noble charity, and purposes of private intellectual gratification, will be equally served, in the purchase of Constance Latimer, and other Tales.' It is proper to add, that this brief notice was in type for our last number.

'LIGHTS AND SHADOWS OF IRISH LIFE,' is the title of two thin volumes, from the press of Messrs. CAREY, LEA AND BLANCHARD. They contain sixteen tales of the poor, warm-hearted, blundering peasantry of Ireland, which are remarkable for their natural and graphic pictures. They proceed from the well known pen of Mrs. S. C. HALL, and several of them have already appeared in an English periodical, conducted by the writer's husband

'ATHENIA OF DAMASCUS' is the title of a new tragedy, in five acts, from the pen of RUFUS DAWES, Esq., a gentleman whose repute as a scholar, poet, and felicitous prose writer, is richly deserved. The tragedy is pronounced, on good literary authority, to be constructed after the most rigid rules of the drama, without losing sight of due stage effect. The play is one of thrilling interest, the situations striking and dramatic, the characters well marked and contrasted, and the language condensed and beautiful.' We may here, for good reasons, express the hope, that Mr. DAWES will forbid all inflated theatrical humbug, in the production of his tragedy upon the stage. It will require, we are confident, no such charlatanry as is sometimes employed to foist indifferent literary efforts and small actors into spurious and temporary notoriety.

'DOCTRINE OF ENDLESS PUNISHMENT.' - Mr. P. PRICE, Fulton-street, has published a second edition of A Discussion on the conjoint questions, Is the doctrine of Endless Punishment taught in the Bible?- or does the Bible teach the doctrine of the final holiness and happiness of all mankind?' — in a series of Letters between EZRA STYLES ELY, D. D., and ABEL C. THOMAS, Pastor of the first Universalist Church, Philadelphia.' We have before referred to this volume, and to the gentlemanly and Christian spirit in which the controversy was begun and continued, by the opposing advocates of their religious creeds. It should be added, that there are seven concluding epistles in the present edition, which have never before appeared in print.

LUXURY IN STore. -The Brothers HARPER have in press two volumes, by the author of 'Incidents of Travel in Arabia Petræa and the Holy Land,' entitled 'Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia, and Poland.' We have been kindly permitted to examine a portion of the sheets, as they are passing through the press; and have little hesitation in predicting, that the work will be found fully equal to the one which has made the author so widely and favorably known, both in Europe and America, and which, in the short space of one year, has reached six large editions! This is strong 'circumstantial evidence' of our author's popularity.

'PROBUS: OR ROME IN THE THIRD CENTURY.'- A work thus entitled, by the author of the 'Letters from Palmyra,' and from Rome, so favorably known to the reading public on both sides of the Atlantic, and especially to the readers of this Magazine, has just been published by Mr. C. S. FRANCIS, Broadway. Absence from the city must constitute our apology for postponing an adequate review of this admirable production, until our next number. The same publisher has issued a new and beautiful edition of the Palmyra Letters, under the title of Zenobia, or the Fall of Palmyra.'

SKETCHES OF PARIS.-We have omitted to mention, until it is doubtless something too late to do so for any good purpose, a work of some three hundred pages, from the press of Messrs. CAREY AND HART, entitled 'Sketches of Paris, in Familiar Letters to his Friend, by an American Gentleman.' These sketches are comprehensive, sometimes philosophical, and always exceedingly graphic; and a vein of sly humor, that is quite irresistible, runs through the volume. 'We regret to add,' as the journalists have it, that it is sometimes tinctured with grossness.

'DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA.'-MR. GEORGE DEARBORN has issued DE TOCQUEVILLE'S 'Democracy in America,' in a large and handsome volume, of nearly five hundred pages. This work is one of the most complete and philosophical which has ever been written in relation to this country; and we propose, at some future and not distant day, to lay its merits and claims more largely before our readers. In the mean time, we commend the volume earnestly to the public, as every way worthy of extension and perusal. A few such books, well pondered abroad, should cause certain traducers of this country to go into a state of literary 'retiracy,' to blush out the remainder of their days.

WRITINGS OF 'Boz.'- Messrs. CAREY, LEA AND BLANCHARD are publishing, in monthly numbers, with two plates in each, 'Nicholas Nickleby,' by the celebrated 'Pickwick' biographer, the inimitable DICKENS. The whole will be completed in twenty numbers. The same publishers are issuing, also with plates, and in ten monthly numbers, 'Sketches,' by Boz, together with 'Oliver Twist.' All these works are well printed, upon good paper, and the plates are excellent.

'RELIGION AT HOME.' -This 'story, founded on facts,' and written by Mrs. WILLIAMS, of Rhode-Island, has reached a third edition, which has been carefully revised. The work has acquired much repute for the excellence of its lessons, not less than the felicitous manner in which they are made to reach the heart of the reader. We commend the volume, with all cheerfulness, to the public acceptance, as one capable of being made eminently fruitful of good.

MRS. SHERWOOD'S WORKS. The volume before us contains Henry Milner, Part IV., and is the fifteenth and last of the first and only uniform edition of Mrs. SHERWOOD's works ever published in the United States. Those readers who may desire to possess themselves of one or more volumes, containing some favorite story or stories, may obtain them separately, as well as in complete sets, of the booksellers generally. Each volume is embellished with handsome plates.

'THE GOLDEN HORSE SHOE.'- A friend (and we should add disinterested) who has been permitted to peruse the мss. of a novel thus entitled, by the author of 'The Cavaliers of Virginia,' speaks to us in warm terms of its great interest, and superior literary merit. As trade has revived, we may soon expect to hear that it has been given to the public.

TO OUR READERS. In the outset of a new volume, it may not be amiss to refer to a few of the literary attractions which may be expected in our coming half-yearly budget. Of the promise afforded by the articles commenced or continued in the present number, the reader can form his own judgment. In addition to these, and others of scarcely less merit, which we lack space to specify, may be mentioned, ‘Brandrethiana,' after the manner of 'Warreniana' and the 'Rejected Addresses,' giving imitations, in prose and verse, of many prominent American writers, by the author of ' Ollapodiana,' which series will also be regularly continued; articles from the pen of the Rev. Mr. BASCOM, of Kentucky, including a description of Niagara Falls, written in pencil on Table-Rock; from Hon. WILLIAM H. SEWARD, J. FENIMORE COOPER, Esq., and from the author of 'Outer Mer;' unpublished poems and passages from the correspondence and private journal of the late young and gifted Mrs. SOPHIA M. PHILLIPS, of Rhode-Island, and later of West Point; poems by WORDSWORTH; sea sketches from our well known and popular correspondent, JACK GARNET,' author of 'The Mutiny,' and 'The Cruize of a Guineaman ;' with sketches from the pen of the author of 'Incidents of Travel in Arabia Petræa and the Holy Land,' as well as from Mr. CATHERWOOD, the eminent oriental traveller and lecturer, JAMES N. BARKER, Esq., Philadelphia, etc. In short, we believe we have the dispostition and the means amply to repay the partiality of the public, which has given to this Magazine a circulation altogether unequalled, and which has been increased, moreover, beyond all former precedent, during the last three months. We need not add, that we are grateful, and shall labor unremittingly to evince it.

DELINQUENT 'PATRONS' (save the mark!) are desired to peruse the third page of the cover of this Magazine.

THE KNICKERBOCKER.

VOL. XII.

AUGUST, 1838.

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

ITS MORAL AND SOCIAL INFLUENCE ON AMERICA, AND THE WORLD AT LARGE.

BY J. R. TYSON, ESQ.

No. 2.

THE colonists of North America brought with them from England the seeds of the revolution. They had felt the blessings which were conferred on Europe by the establishment of Free Towns. They had drunk in the doctrines of Milton and Bacon, and were prepared for the lessons of Sidney, Fairfax, and Hampden. They had imbibed the whole spirit of the reformation. Independent, for the most part, in their fortunes, they were alike removed from nobility and mean birth. They not only possessed much of the learning of the period, but in proportion to their number, a greater amount of intelligence than is to be found in any European nation of the present day.

It is not necessary to inquire how far the spirit of the men who were laying the foundations of empire in the new world contributed to the first revolution in England-to the royal tragedy of 1648 Cromwell, and Hampden, and Haselrig, themselves forcibly prevented by Charles, whom they brought to the block, from emigrating to America, were animated by the same puritanical fever which raged with greater heat in the American colonies. It is easy to perceive, in the events of the new world, the aid which was thence derived to the revolution of 1688. The elements were at work which were silently but effectually to demolish_the_time-honored structure of Rome; and, in its room, to lay the foundations of that edifice which was finally reared by the act of settlement.

But the doctrines which brought Charles to the scaffold, and placed William and Mary upon the English throne, did not originate in the new world. They were the effect of circumstances favorable to the development of a principle whose birth was coeval with the dawn of intellectual light in Europe. It sprang from the Pandects of Justinian; from the commerce introduced by the Crusades; and was nursed by the press, that mighty agent of modern civilization. Nothing was wanting but the free doctrines of the pilgrim fathers, and the more beautiful, because more consistent, institutions of William Penn, to give energy to a principle which was already perceptible in its influence upon mankind.