Fishing Battery Lighthouse (flashing white), 350 yards eastward of the dredged channel near the lower end, is a light on a skeleton tower near a white dwelling, with another building and a few trees near it and a large area of marsh grass around it. A shallow dredged basin leads in toward the light from the west side.

Havre de Grace, on the western side, at the entrance to Susequehanna River, is on the main line of the Pennsylvania and Baltimore & Ohio Railroads and is connected with Betterton and Baltimore by steamer. There are depths of 6 to 10 feet (1.8 to 3 m.) at the wharves. Gasoline, Diesel oil, provisions, water, and coal in limited quantities are obtainable. There is a small marine railway for repairing motor boats at Havre de Grace.

A rock with a depth of 52 feet (1.6 m.) over it, and marked by a red and black horizontal striped buoy at its southern end, lies 1% mile off the wharves at Havre de Grace and about 1/4 mile below the lower bridge. The generally used channel for vessels bound through the bridges leads about 100 yards eastward of the buoy. There are said to be several rocks between this rock and the wharves westward, which require local knowledge to avoid.

Bridges. Three bridges cross Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Havre de Grace. The lower one, a highway bridge 34 mile northward of Havre de Grace Lighthouse, has a center pier draw across the channel on the western side of Garrett Island, each opening 98 feet wide, with a headroom of 23 feet at high water when closed. The bridge is fixed on the eastern side of Garrett Island and has a headroom of 23 feet at high water.

The Pennsylvania Railroad bridge, 150 feet above the highway bridge, has a center pier draw across the channel on the western side of Garrett Island, each opening 100 feet wide with a headroom of 52.4 feet at high water when closed. The bridge is fixed on the eastern side of Garrett Island and has a headroom of 52.4 feet at high water. The east opening in both draws is generally used by vessels bound north and the west opening by vessels bound south. A towboat is stationed at Havre de Grace by the railroad company to assist sailing vessels through the bridges.

The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad bridge, 34 mile above the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge, is fixed on both sides of Garrett Island and has a headroom of 87 feet at high water. The main channel leads through the second opening from the western side of Garrett Island.

Perryville is a town on the eastern side of Susquehanna River, opposite Havre de Grace. A draft of about 10 feet (3 m.) at low water can be carried from the main channel off Havre de Grace, across the middle ground anywhere from 200 yards to 1/2 mile southward of the lower bridge, into the channel leading to Perryville, and this is the course usually followed by all vessels bound to Perryville that can pass under the lower bridges. Buildings of the United States Public Health Service Hospital, including the twin stacks of a power house, near the southern point of the town, are prominent. A short dredged channel leads to a Government landing 14 mile below the highway bridge, and there is a private wharf just south of the same bridge.

Garrett Island, just above Havre de Grace, is high and wooded, with no prominent marks.

Port Deposit is a town on the northeast side of Susquehanna River, 311⁄2 miles above Havre de Grace. It has railroad communication and is connected with Baltimore by steamer. There is a depth of 12 feet (3.6 m.) to abreast the town and 6 to 9 feet (1.8 to 2.7 m.) at the wharves. Gasoline and provisions are obtainable. The deepest draft of vessels going there are tugboats and barges up to 12 feet (3.6 m.) draft carrying stone from the quarries in this vicinity. Small boats can go a short distance above Port Deposit, but the channel is obstructed by rocks and should not be attempted by a stranger.

Directions, Susquehanna River. From a position 300 yards east of the perpendicularly striped buoy off Turkey Point, steer 321° true (NNW. 34 W. mag.) to a point 300 yards east of Locust Point gas buoy, passing eastward of buoy No. 1. Then steer 280° true (WNW. 3 W. mag.), passing 100 yards north of the gas buoy and heading for buoy No. 3, to a position 100 yards east of the latter buoy. Then steer 325° true (NNW. % W. mag.) to close eastward of buoy No. 5; 343° true (N. 34 W. mag.) to 50 yards eastward of buoy No. 7; and then 350° true (N. 1% W. mag.) to 100 yards eastward of buoy No. 9 (reflector). From buoy No. 9 steer 7° true (N. by E. 3% E. mag.) to abreast the wharves at Havre de Grace, passing close eastward of buoys Nos. 13 and 15, and 300 yards eastward of the light (fixed red) on Concord Point.

Swan Creek, on the western side of Chesapeake Bay, 311⁄2 miles below Havre de Grace, has a depth of about 5 feet (1.5 m.) in a narrow, unmarked channel to near the head, and is little used.

Spesutie Narrows, between Spesutie Island and the mainland westward, has a least depth of 212 feet (0.7 m.) and is considerably used by small local craft. The best water leads eastward of an islet near the northern end, and southward of it the mid-channel is clear.

Romney Creek, on the west side of Chesapeake Bay, 6 miles northeastward of Pooles Island, has a depth of 6 feet (1.8 m.) in a narrow unmarked channel for 3 miles above the mouth and 2 feet (0.6 m.) for a farther distance of 111⁄2 miles. It is used only by small boats. A clump of trees on Taylor Island and a house and barn on the western side of Little Romney Creek are the only prominent marks. There is an unmarked rocky patch, with a least depth of 1/2 foot (0.1 m.) 3/4 mile south-southeastward of the entrance, and the best water in approaching the entrance leads westward of it. A 7° true (N. by E. % E. mag.) course from Worton Point Shoal gas buoy will lead clear of all dangers to the entrance.

Bush River, on the western side of Chesapeake Bay, 3 miles northnortheastward of Pooles Island, has a depth of 6 feet (1.8 m.) to a railroad drawbridge 7 miles above the entrance and is frequented only by small produce and pleasure boats. The principal shoals inside the entrance are marked by buoys, and above these the midchannel is clear and easy of navigation to the bridge. The bridge has a draw opening 35 feet wide and a headroom of 12 feet at high water. The river is shoal and little used above. Bush River is a railroad station at the bridge. The mean range of tides is 1.5 feet. Pooles Island, on the western side of Chesapeake Bay, 10 miles above the mouth of Patapsco River, is low and covered with trees. Pooles Island range (skeleton towers, white daymarks, black round

center in front mark), on the southeast end of Pooles Island, is a guide for crossing the middle ground eastward of the island and is used by all vessels bound northward from Baltimore.

The channel westward of Pooles Island is marked by buoys and has a least depth of 72 feet (2.2 m.) although there is an unmarked 6-foot (1.8 m.) spot 600 yards northwestward of Pooles Island Lighthouse (flashing white). It is used only by small craft from the tributaries on the western side or boats seeking shelter from westerly winds. Gunpowder River, Middle River, and Back River have a common entrance westward of Pooles Island, leading between Spry Island on the north and Miller Island on the south. They are frequénted mostly by small produce and pleasure boats and an occasional small tugboat, the deepest draft being 7 feet (2.1 m.) and usual draft 2 to 4 feet (0.6 to 1.2 m.). The mean range of tides is 1.2 feet.

Gunpowder River has a depth of 11 feet (3.3 m.) for 2 miles above Spry Island in the mouth, 6 feet (1.8 m.) to within 1 mile of a railroad bridge 62 miles above Spry Island, and 4 feet (1.2 m.) to the bridge. The bridge has a draw opening, but the river is shoal and there is no navigation above. Spry Island is a bare marsh marked by two shanties. The main entrance leads southward and westward of the island, and is narrow as far as Carroll Point, 1 mile above, with shoals of 3 to 6 feet (0.9 to 1.8 m.) depth close to the channel.

Buoys mark the points of shoals from eastward of Miller Island to Carroll Point. Navigation to this point is difficult without local knowledge for anything except small craft. Above this point the mid-channel is clear to the bridge if the points be given a good berth. A draft of 2 feet (0.6 m.) at low water can be carried into the river from northward, close around the end of Ricketts Point.

Harewood Park is a railroad station at the western end of the bridge across Gunpowder River. Magnolia is a post village and railroad station 1 mile eastward of the bridge.

Aberdeen Proving Ground-Navigation prohibited. For the protection of life and property during target practice in the waters adjacent to Aberdeen Proving Ground, near the head of Chesapeake Bay, navigation is prohibited in the following areas:

Northeastward of a line extending northwestward from the southwest point of Pooles Island and touching the southwest point of Spry Island, and Lower Island and Brier Points at the entrance to Hawthorn Cove.

Northwestward of a line touching the southeast tangent of Pooles Island and extending 39° true to Black Island Point near the south entrance to Spesutie Narrows; thence in mid-channel through Spesutie Narrows. This includes Romney Creek, Bush River up to a line extending from Fairview Point to Chelsea, and Gunpowder. River up to a line extending from Olivers Point to Reardons Inlet. Seneca Creek, 211⁄2 miles northward of Miller Island, has a depth of 8 feet (2.4 m.) in the entrance and 5 feet (1.5 m.) in mid-channel to near the head. It is frequented only by small craft.

Middle River, 214 miles 297° true (NW. by W. mag.) from the black buoy east-northeastward of Miller Island, has a depth of 8 feet (2.4 m.) for 3 miles above the entrance and 212 feet (0.7 m.) for a farther distance of 1⁄2 mile to the head of navigation. Unmarked

shoals extend off both points at the entrance and from many of the points above the entrance, but the mid-channel is clear if the points be given a good berth. Middleriver is a village and summer resort at the head of navigation; it is on the railroad and is the terminus of an electric road to Baltimore. The river has many tributaries, the most important being Frog Mortar Creek, which has a depth of 6 feet (1.8 m.) to near the head.

Hawk Cove, northwestward of Miller and Hart Islands, is the main aproach to Back River and affords secure anchorage in depths of 8 to 10 feet (2.4 to 3 m.). A shoal extends half way across the entrance from the northwest side.

Miller Island is a bare marsh without prominent marks. A shoal extending northeastward is marked off its end by a black buoy.

Hart Island is marshy and marked by a thick clump of trees in the center and scattered trees near the northeast end.

The thoroughfare between the southwest end of Hart Island and the mainland has a depth of 112 feet (0.4 m.) at low water and 21⁄2 to 3 feet (0.7 to 0.9 m.) at high water and is considerably used. Craighill Channel range rear light (skeleton tower) is on the east side.

Back River has a depth of 6 feet (1.8 m.) for a distance of 512 miles above the entrance and 5 feet (1.5 m.) for a farther distance of 1 mile to an electric-railway bridge. The bridge has a draw opening 25 feet wide, and small boats can go about 1 mile above in either branch at high water, but boats seldom go above the bridge. The river is unmarked, but above the entrance the mid-channel is clear for vessels of 4 feet (1.2 m.) draft to the bridge. The best water leads westward of an unmarked middle ground 3 miles above the entrance. A row of piles extends 3% mile eastward from the mouth of Bread and Cheese Creek, 34 mile below the bridge. The main approach to the river is through Hawk Cove, but small craft from southward usually enter through the thoroughfare westward of Hart Island.

INSIDE ROUTE, NEW YORK TO NORFOLK

From New York Upper Bay the generally used passage is through Kill van Kull and Arthur Kill and thence around Great Beds Lighthouse to the entrance of Raritan River; but strangers frequently take the more open passage through New York Lower Bay and Raritan Bay to Raritan River. Thence the passage leads up Raritan River to New Brunswick, and thence through the Delaware & Raritan Canal to Bordentown. Thence down Delaware River to the entrance to the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal at Reedy Point, and thence through this canal to Chesapeake City. Thence down Back Creek and Elk River to the head of Chesapeake Bay at Turkey Point and thence down Chesapeake Bay and through Hampton Roads and Elizabeth River to Norfolk.

A draft of 7 feet (2.1 m.) can be taken through the passage from New York Bay to Delaware Bay, and 12 feet (3.7 m.), by taking advantage of the tide, from Delaware Bay to Chesapeake Bay, and these are the limiting drafts. The controlling width of 2313 feet is found at the locks in the Delaware & Raritan Canal. The speed of vessels passing through the Delaware & Raritan Canal is limited. to 6 statute miles per hour. A vessel with a speed of 10 miles, run

ning in daytime only, can make the passage in three and one-half to four days under favorable conditions. It is advisable to inquire beforehand whether the Delaware & Raritan Canal is open for navigation. It is always closed on Sundays and at night. (See page 246.) Supplies.-Coal in limited quantities can be obtained at numerous places, but the best and most convenient coaling places are Perth Amboy, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Norfolk. Gasoline, provisions, and water can be obtained at most of the towns or cities along the route, also at a number of the locks in the Delaware & Raritan Canal.

Pilots can be obtained at Perth Amboy, New Brunswick, Bordentown, Delaware City, Chesapeake City, and Baltimore for either the whole or parts of the passage. A fisherman or pilot may sometimes be obtained at the mouth of Back Creek competent to pilot a vessel to Chesapeake City. The fees are not prescribed by law.

Ice sufficient to interfere with the navigation of small craft may be expected at any time between December and April and is most severe during January and February. The canals are kept open as long as navigation is possible and are opened as soon as navigation is possible in the spring. During mild winters local vessels use them throughout most of the winter, but strangers should make inquiries about their condition before attempting the passage.

KILL VAN KULL AND ARTHUR KILL

[Chart 369]

These passages have a combined length of 17 miles from Robbins Reef Lighthouse to Ward Point, the southern end of Staten Island, and a width varying from 600 yards to less than 200 yards. There is considerable shipping, especially through Kill van Kull. Strangers should have no difficulty in making the passage with a draft of 10 feet (3 m.) with the aid of the chart and the directions. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad crosses Arthur Kill about 11⁄2 mile southward of Elizabethport. There is a clear width of 202 feet on each side of the center pier of the draw; the eastern channel has the deeper water and is generally used. There is a high-water clearance when the draw is closed of 31 feet. Two fixed bridges with high-water clearances of 135 feet and span widths of 664 and 675 feet cross Arthur Kill below the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad bridge.

Anchorage is not permitted in the channel of Kill van Kull and Arthur Kill, anchorage limits being prescribed by regulation. The anchorage on the western side of Arthur Kill off Perth Amboy is good and convenient; its eastern limit is a line running northward from the horizontally striped buoy to the Lehigh Valley coal docks. Tides. The mean range of the tides at Shooters Island is 4.6 feet; tides (high and low) occur 1/4 hour later than at Governors Island. At South Amboy the mean range is 5.3 feet, and tides occur 1/4 hour later than at Sandy Hook.

RARITAN RIVER

[Chart 375]

has a length of 101⁄2 miles from South Amboy to New Brunswick, a width varying from 1⁄2 mile to 125 yards, and is crooked in places.