than 4 statute miles per hour, and the propelling machinery of vessels passing any such plant shall be stopped at a distance of 300 feet from said plant and not started in motion until said vessel shall have passed abreast of such plant, except where it may become necessary to avoid an accident, or in the case of a vessel with heavy tow. When it becomes necessary for a vessel to pass between any such plant and any buoys indicating the position of the mooring anchors of such plant, such vessel shall give the following warning signal to said plant to lower the mooring lines: Four short blasts of a whistle or horn in quick succession, said warning signal to be given when said vessel is about 1/2 mile away from the plant.

Paragraphs 3 to 9 of the regulations for Delaware River, given on page 272, apply to Christiana River.

Supplies. Water, provisions, ship chandlery, Diesel oil, and coal in any amount can be obtained at Wilmington.

Repairs. There are good facilities for construction and repair of hulls and machinery. There is a dry dock and several marine railways the capacities of which are given in the table on page 4.

Tides. The mean range of tides is 5.6 feet at Wilmington, 5.6 feet at Newport, and 3.5 feet at Christiana. High and low water at Newport occur 1 hour 10 minutes and 1 hour 40 minutes, respectively, later than at Wilmington, and at Christiana 2 hours 30 minutes and 3 hours, respectively, later than at Wilmington.

Directions, Christiana River. The following directions are available for vessels of 10 feet (3 m.) draft or less; vessels of deeper draft should take a pilot. Enter the river on course 291° true (NW. by W. % W. mag.), passing midway between the north and south jetty lights until abeam of Lobdell Canal, then favor the west bank to the first bridge. From here to the docks at Wilmington the mid-channel is clear. Above the docks a mid-channel course should be followed to Newport.

DELAWARE RIVER, CHRISTIANA RIVER TO PHILADELPHIA

[Chart 295]

There is a powder factory on Carney Point, on the south side of Helms Cove, eastward of the entrance to Christiana River. A tank and several chimneys are prominent.

Pennsgrove is a town on the east side of Delaware River, 2 miles northeastward of the entrance to Christiana River. It is a railroad terminus, and has communication by ferry with Wilmington. There is a depth of 7 feet (2.1 m.) at the steamboat wharf.

Edgemoor is a village on the west side of Delaware River, 2 miles northward of the entrance to Christiana River. A rolling mill and a buoy depot of the Lighthouse Service are located here.

A jetty extends from Edgemoor for 21⁄2 mile south-southwestward parallel with Cherry Island Channel. Bellevue front range light (flashing white) is located at the lower end of it.

A dike, marked at its end by a red buoy, extends 580 yards off Oldmans Point, on the east bank, between Marcus Hook Bar and Cherry Island Flats. The outer end is submerged. Southward of the dike there is a pier.

Oldmans Creek, on the east side of Delaware River, 4 miles above Christiana River, is the approach to the villages of Pedricktown and Auburn, 42 and 912 miles, respectively, above the mouth. Considerable produce is shipped from the creek, the deepest draft of vessels being 8 feet (2.4 m.). A channel 6 feet (1.8 m.) deep and 100 feet wide has been dredged across the bar at the mouth, 6 feet (1.8 m.) deep and 75 feet wide to Pedricktown, and 5 feet (1.5 m.) deep and 40 feet wide to Auburn, and nine cut-offs have been made between the mouth and Auburn. In 1928 there was a depth of 4.1 feet (1.2 m.) from Delaware River to the mouth of the creek, thence 5.1 feet (1.5 m.) to Pedricktown, thence 1.7 feet (0.5 m.) to Auburn.

To enter Oldmans Creek, steer 73° true (E. 34 N. mag.), with Cherry Island range rear light (black daymark on white tower) astern, to just south of buoy No. 1, thence be guided by the buoys to the river, and in the river steer a mid-channel course.

Three drawbridges cross Oldmans Creek below Auburn. The highway bridge 212 miles above the entrance has a draw opening 45 feet wide, the railroad bridge 34 mile above has a draw opening 36 feet wide, and the highway bridge at Pedricktown has a draw opening 36 feet wide. There is a fixed bridge at Auburn under which

small boats can pass.

Tides. The mean range of tides is 6 feet at the entrance, 2.5 feet at Pedricktown, and 1 foot at Auburn. At Pedricktown high and low water occur 35 minutes and 25 minutes, respectively, after high and low water at the entrance, and at Auburn high and low water occur 2 hours and 45 minutes after high and low water at the entrance.

Marcus Hook, on the west side of Delaware River, 2 miles below Chester, has oil refineries and is an important oil-shipping point. There is a depth of 25 feet (7.6 m.) at the public wharf and 20 to 30 feet (6.1 to 9.1 m.) at the oil wharves.

A rocky patch with a depth of about 25 feet (7.6 m.) has been found 50 yards out from the chemical company's dock.

A Federal quarantine station operated by officers of the United States Public Health Service is maintained here. Also a signal station and a day and night reporting station of the Philadelphia Maritime Exchange.

A small harbor protected by ice breakers is located here.

Raccoon Creek, on the southeast side of Delaware River, 1 mile southward of the lower end of Chester, is the approach to the towns of Bridgeport and Swedesboro, 12 and 8 miles, respectively, above the entrance. Vessels of 612 feet (1.9 m.) draft are taken to Swedesboro at high water. A channel has been dredged, and in 1928 had a controlling depth of 6 feet (1.8 m.) from Delaware River to the mouth, thence 6.1 feet (1.8 m.) to Bridgeport, thence 4.7 feet (1.4 m.) to Springers Wharf, thence 1.3 feet (0.4 m.) to Swedesboro.

There is a bar off the entrance with a least depth of 1/2 foot (0.1 m.) on it, and a channel eastward of it to the mouth of the creek, with a least depth of 6 feet (1.8 m.) from southward. A jetty has been built out from the south point; there is a flashing red light on the outer end. Enter about 1 mile below the mouth of the creek, pass close southward of spar buoy No. 1, and follow along the

buoyed channel. An unmarked channel of lesser depth enters from the northward, following close to the shore north of the mouth of the creek.

Two bridges, having draw openings 47 and 38 feet wide, and clearances of 5 feet at high water, cross Raccoon Creek at Bridgeport. Three bridges cross the creek at Swedesboro. The lower bridge has an opening 60 feet wide; the second is fixed and has a headroom of 21 feet at high water; the third, at the head of the dredged channel, is fixed and has a headroom of 7 feet at high water. The section of channel on Marcus Rock and Chester ranges, which was formerly obstructed by ledge rock, has been blasted and dredged, but sweep examinations show that it has not yet been cleared to grade. The minimum depth near the range is 34.4 feet (10.4 m.) on broken rock, located 400 feet above the intersection of Chester and Marcus Hook ranges and 100 feet west of the center line. From 1,700 feet to 3,600 feet above the intersection of Marcus Hook and Bellevue Ranges, both east and west of the center line, there are scattered bowlders and rocks on which the minimum depth is 33 feet (10 m.) at mean low water.

Tides. The mean range of tides is 6 feet at the entrance and 5 feet at Swedesboro. At Swedesboro high and low water occur 1 hour and 30 minutes after high and lower water at the entrance.

Chester is an important manufacturing city 7311⁄2 miles above the entrance to Delaware Bay and 141⁄2 miles below Philadelphia. It has considerable trade by vessels. Most of the docks open to the public do not have deep water alongside. The principal wharves of the industrial plants have from 8 to 25 feet (2.4 to 7.5 m.) alongside.

Water and limited quantities of coal can be obtained at Chester. There are several machine shops and shipbuilding plants at Chester and marine railways at Essington, 3 miles eastward.

Chester Island, in mid river off the upper wharves at Chester, is marshy and has no prominent mark. A dike visible at high water extends from the eastern bank of the river nearly to the northeast end of the island. The channel from the dike to the southwest end of the island has been used as a dumping ground and shoaled to a depth of 4 feet (1.2 m.).

Chester Creek had a depth in 1928 of 5.9 feet (1.8 m.) from Delaware Bay to the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad bridge, then 9.2 feet (2.8 m.) to Second Street Bridge, and about 3 feet (0.9 m.) to the village of Upland. There is a railroad bridge just inside the mouth, with a single draw opening 59 feet wide and a headroom of 12 feet at high water, and there are numerous fixed bridges between this point and Upland, having a least headroom of 6 feet at high water. Most of the business in the creek is in barges of about 6-foot (1.8 m.) draft, carrying coal to the industrial plants. The mean range of the tides is 5.5 feet at the entrance and about 5 feet at Upland.

Ridley Creek has a depth of about 5 feet (1.5 m.) at high water to a dam 2 miles above the mouth. The shoalest places are at the mouth and at the head of navigation. The creek is crossed by numerous fixed bridges having a least headroom of 9.5 feet at high water. There is little business by water.

89926-30-6

Eddystone, a town just above Chester, has a large factory and other industrial works. The Baldwin Locomotive Works ships locomotives from its piers direct to foreign countries.

Crum Creek, just westward of Chester range rear light, is bare in places at low water, and has a depth of 5 feet (1.5 m.) at high water to the fixed railroad bridge, about 1 mile above the entrance. It is crossed by several bridges having but little headroom at high

water.

Darby Creek, % mile eastward of Chester range rear light, has a depth of about 7 feet (2.1 m.) for 4 miles above the mouth and 3 feet (0.9 m.) for a further distance of about 2 miles to the fork, 1⁄2 mile from the town of Darby. It is used only by small pleasure boats. Five bridges cross the river below the fork. Three of them have draw-openings and the others are fixed. The mean rise and fall of tides is about 6 feet at the mouth, 5 feet at the fork, and nothing at Darby.

Essington is a town on the north side of Delaware River northward of Tinicum Island. There is a depth of 14 feet (4.2 m.) at the shipyard wharf and 3 to 7 feet (0.9 to 2.1 m.) at the clubhouse wharves. Vessels bound to the town, unless of light draft, must pass around the western end of Tinicum Island. The largest marine railway has a capacity of 125 tons, and can take out vessels 120 feet long and 12 feet (3.6 m.) draft.

Tinicum Island, 11 miles below Philadelphia, is a long, marshy island with bushes on its western end. An oil-pipe line is laid between Bramell Point and the east end of Tinicum Island.

There are several large factory buildings between Thomson and Crab Points, and two wharves, the upper one having a depth of 23 feet (7 m.) at the end and the lower one 11 feet (3.3 m.). A large oil depot is located east of Bramell Point, and 33 feet (10 m.) can be carried alongside.

Billingsport is a village on the southeast side of Delaware River, 1 mile above the upper end of Tinicum Island. It has communication by steamer with Philadelphia and other points on the Delaware River.

Mantua Creek, on the southeast side of Delaware River, 1⁄2 mile above Billingsport, is the approach to the villages of Paulsboro, Mount Royal, and Mantua, 12, 4, and 711⁄2 miles, respectively, above the entrance. A channel has been dredged 12 feet (3.6 m.) deep and 100 feet wide from the Delaware River to the fertilizer factory 700 yards above the entrance, 8 feet (2.4 m.) deep and 80 feet wide to Paulsboro, and 7 feet (2.1 m.) deep and 60 feet wide to the wharf near Mount Royal. There is a depth of about 1 foot (0.3 m.) to the head of navigation at Mantua. There are jetties on both sides at the entrance, and the channel is buoyed to the fertilizer factory. The controlling depth in 1927 was 11.9 feet (3.6 m.) from Delaware River to the fertilizer plant, 7 feet (2.1 m.) to the highway bridge at Paulsboro, 4.8 feet (1.5 m.) to Parkers Landing, and 3 feet (0.9 m.) to the end of the dredging project.

A railroad and a highway drawbridge, having clear openings 35 feet and 41 feet wide, respectively, cross the creek at Paulsboro, There are two fixed bridges about 3/4 mile above the wharf at Mount Royal. The clear width and height above high water of the lower

bridge are 42 feet and 13 feet, and of the upper bridge 60 feet and 12 feet. There are two fixed bridges close together at Mantua, with a least headroom of 13 feet at high water, but boats seldom go above them.

Tides. The mean range of tides is 5.6 feet at the entrance, 4.5 feet at Paulsboro, 4 feet at Mount Royal, and 2.5 feet at Mantua. High and low water occur later than at the entrance, as follows: Paulsboro, 20 minutes; Mount Royal, 50 minutes; Mantua, 2 hours and 5 minutes.

Woodbury Creek, on the southeast side of Delaware River, 1 mile southward of the entrance to Schuylkill River, has been improved by dredging a channel 6 feet (1.8 m.) deep and 60 feet wide from Delaware River to a highway bridge 1 mile above the entrance, and 6 feet (1.8 m.) deep and 40 feet wide to the town of Woodbury, 312 miles above the mouth, with two cut-offs near the mouth and one near the head. The controlling depth in 1928 was 3.9 feet (1.2 m.) at the mouth, thence 6.2 feet (1.9 m.) to the first bridge, thence 3.9 feet (1.2 m,) to the second bridge, thence 3.8 feet (1.1 m.) to the highway bridge at Woodbury.

Two drawbridges cross the creek below the head. The lower bridge is a center pier draw with one clear opening 40 feet wide and a headroom of 6 feet at high water when closed; the south opening is the better. The second bridge, 34 mile above the lower one, is a center pier draw with one clear opening 45 feet wide and a headroom of 4 feet at high water when closed. There is a fixed highway bridge at Woodbury with a headroom of 10 feet at high water. The dredged channel stops at this bridge and there is little navigation above. The mean rise and fall of tides is 5.5 feet at the entrance and 4 feet at Woodbury. High and low water at Woodbury occur 40 minutes and 50 minutes, respectively, later than at the mouth.

There is a middle ground in Delaware River northwestward of the entrance to Woodbury Creek, which is marked on the southwest end by Block Island Light (flashing white). Vessels bound into Woodbury Creek can pass on either side of the middle ground. The channel at the entrance is buoyed, but some local knowledge is necessary to enter with the best water.

Vessels approaching Woodbury Creek from southwestward should pass 400 yards southwestward and southward of Block Island. Approaching from northward, eastward of the middle ground, pass 100 to 200 yards off the wharf at Philadelphia Sanitarium, 250 yards offshore abreast the white monument at Red Bank, and 600 yards off the mouth of the creek. The course in the channel into the entrance passing on the north side of the buoys is 125° true (SE. % E. mag.) to the entrance. At low water the channel in the creek is well defined.

PORT OF PHILADELPHIA

[Chart 280]

The port of Philadelphia officially includes the Delaware River from Marcus Hook to Trenton.

The harbor of Philadelphia embraces the Delaware River from the mouth of the Schuylkill River to the Pennsylvania Railroad