but the skin was not pierced, and no bone was broken. His comrades gave him a brisk shampooing, and in a week he was as well as ever.

bent under him, it being considered a mark of disrespect to present his feet toward her. If he wishes to leave the village, he must not take his children with him; they belong to his wife, or,

payment of a certain number of cattle, "buy up" his wife and children. When a man is desired to perform any service he always asks his wife's consent; if she refuses, no amount of bribery or coaxing will induce him to disobey her.

On the evening of March 2, Livingstone, tired and hungry, came within eight miles of the Portuguese settlement of Tete. He sent forward the letters of recommendation which he had received from the Portuguese on the other side of the continent. Before daylight the following morning he was aroused by two officers and a company of soldiers, who brought the materials for a civilized breakfast-the first of which he had partaken since he left Loanda, eighteen months before. "It was," he says, "the most refreshing breakfast of which I ever partook."

The border country passed, the natives grew more friendly, and gladly supplied all the wants | rather, to her family. He can, however, by the of the travelers. About the middle of December, when their journey was half over, they came upon the first traces of Europeans-a deserted town, a ruined church, and a broken bell inscribed with a cross and the letters I. H. S., but bearing no date. A few days after they met a man wearing a hat and jacket. He had come from the Portuguese settlement of Tete, far down the river. From him they learned that a war was going on below, between the Portuguese and the natives. A chief, named Mpende, showed signs of hostility. Livingstone's men, who had become worn and ragged by their long journey, rejoiced at the prospect of a fight. "Now," said they, "we shall get corn and clothes in plenty. You have seen us with elephants, but you don't know what we can do with men." After a while two old men made their appearance, to find out who the strangers were. "I am a Lekoa (English- Tete stands on the Zambesi, three hundred man)," said Livingstone. "We don't know miles from its mouth. The commandant rethat tribe," they replied; we suppose you are ceived Livingstone kindly, supplied his men a Mozunga (Portuguese)." Upon Livingstone's with provisions for immediate use, gave them showing them his long hair and the white skin land upon which to raise future supplies, and of his bosom they exclaimed, "We never saw granted them permission to hunt elephants in so white a skin as that. You must be one of the neighborhood on their own account. Bethat tribe that loves the black men." Living-fore long they had established a brisk trade in stone eagerly assured him that such was the fire-wood, as their countrymen had done at LoSekwebu, the leader of his men, put in anda. They certainly manifested none of the a word: "Ah, if you only knew him as well laziness which has been said to be characteristic as we do, who have lived with him, you would of the African races. Thirty elephant tusks reknow how highly he values your friendship; mained of those forwarded by Sekeletu. Ten and as he is a stranger he trusts in you to di- of these were sold for cotton cloth for the men. rect him." The chief, convinced that he was The others were deposited with the authorities, an Englishman, received the party hospitably with directions that in case Livingstone should and forwarded them on their way. never return they should be sold, and the proceeds given to the men. He told them that death alone should prevent him from coming back. "Nay, father," said the men, "you will not die; you will return, and take us back to Sekeletu."

case.

66

The frequent appearance of English goods showed that they were approaching the coast, and not long afterward Livingstone met a couple of native traders, from whom, for two small tusks, he bought a quantity of American cotton marked "Lawrence Mills, Lowell," which he distributed among his men.

He remained at Tete a month, waiting for the close of the sickly season in the low delta For another month they traveled slowly on at the mouths of the river, and then descended through a fertile country, abounding in animal to the Portuguese town of Kilimane. Here he life, bagging an elephant or a buffalo when short remained six weeks, when an English vessel of meat. Lions are numerous, but the natives, arrived with supplies and money for him. Two believing that the souls of their dead chiefs en- of his attendants only had come down the river. ter the bodies of these animals, into which they They begged hard to be allowed to accompany also have the power, when living, of transform-him to England. In vain Livingstone told ing themselves at will, never kill them. When them that they would die if they went to so they meet a lion they salute him by clapping their hands—a courtesy which his Highness frequently returns by making a meal of them.

cold a country. "That is nothing," said one; "let me die at your feet." He at last decided to take with him Sekwebu, the leader of the In this region the women are decidedly in party, to whose good sense, bravery, and tact the ascendant. The bridegroom is obliged to he owed much of his success. The sea-waves come to the village of the bride to live. Here rose high, as the boat conveyed them to the he must perform certain services for his moth-ship. Sekwebu, who had never seen a larger er-in-law, such as keeping her always supplied body of water than the shallow Lake Ngami, with fire-wood. Above all things, he must al- was terrified. ways, when in her presence, sit with his legs

"Is this the way you go?" he inquired.

"Yes; don't you see it is?" replied Living- and for three and a half, except for a short time stone, encouragingly. at Loanda, not at all.

When they reached Mauritius, he became in- all along his route from Loanda to Kilimane ; sane, and tried to jump overboard. Living- the sugar-cane flourishes spontaneously in the stone's wife had, during her visit to their coun-valley of "The River;" coffee abounds on the try, become a great favorite with the Makololo, who called her Ma Robert-"Robert's Mother" -in honor of her young son.

"Come, Sekwebu," said Livingstone, "we are going to Ma Robert." This struck a chord in his bosom.

"Oh yes," said he; "where is she? Where is Robert?" And for the moment he seemed to recover.

But in the evening a fresh accession of insanity occurred. He attempted to spear one of the crew, and then leaped overboard, and, though he could swim well, pulled himself down, hand over hand, by the cable. His body was never recovered.

west coast; and indigo is a weed in the delta of the Zambesi. Barth also finds these products abundant on the banks of the Benuwe and Shari, and around Lake Tsad. The prevalent idea of the inherent laziness of the Africans must be abandoned, for, scattered through the narratives of both these intrepid explorers are abundant testimonies of the industrious disposition of the natives.

Livingstone, as befits his profession, regards his discoveries from a religious stand-point. "The end of the geographical feat," he says, "is the beginning of the missionary enterprise." But he is a philosopher as well as a preacher, recognizing as true missionaries the

From Mauritius Livingstone sailed for En-man of science who searches after hidden truths, gland, which he reached on the 12th of December, 1856-four and a half years after he had parted from his family at Cape Town.

the soldier who fights against tyranny, the sailor who puts down the slave-trade, and the merchant who teaches practically the mutual deHe was received with unwonted honors. The pendence of the nations of the earth. His idea President of the Royal Geographical Society, at of missionary labor looks to this world as well a special meeting held to welcome him, formal- as the next. Had the Bakwains possessed rifles ly invited him to give to the world a narrative as well as Bibles-had they raised cotton as well of his travels. Some knavish booksellers paid as attended prayer-meetings-it would have been him the less acceptable compliment of putting better for them. He is clearly of the opinion forth spurious accounts of his adventures, one that decent clothing is of more immediate use at least of which has been republished in this to the heathen than doctrinal sermons. "We country. Livingstone, so long accustomed to ought," he says, "to encourage the Africans to a life of action, found the preparation of his cultivate for our markets, as the most effectual book a harder task than he had imagined. "I means, next to the Gospel, of their elevation." think," he says, "that I would rather cross the His practical turn of mind suffers him to preAfrican continent again than undertake to write sent no fancy pictures of barbarous nations another book." We trust that he will yet do longing for the Gospel. His Makololo friends, both. He would indeed have set out on anoth- indeed, listened respectfully when he discoursed er African journey nearly a year ago to conduct of the Saviour, but were all earnestness when his faithful Makololo attendants back to their he spoke of cotton cloths and muskets. Sekeown country, had not the King of Portugal re-letu favored the missionary, not as the man who lieved him from all anxiety on their account, by could give him Bibles and tracts, but as the one sending out directions that they should be sup-by whose help he hoped to sell his ivory for a ported at Tete until his return. rifle, a sugar-mill, and brass wire.

Our abstract does, at best, but scanty justice Livingstone's missionary scheme is accomto the most interesting, as well as most valu-modated to the actual state of things. It rests able, of modern works of travel. It has revo- quite as much upon traders as preachers. He lutionized our ideas of African character as well would open a communication by the Zambesi to as of African geography. It shows that Cen- the heart of the continent. Upon the healthy, tral Africa is peopled by tribes barbarous, in- elevated region overlooking the low, fertile badeed, but far from manifesting those savage and sin he would establish trading posts, supplied degrading traits which we are wont to associate with European wares. We can not wonder that with the negro race. In all his long pilgrim- the directors of the Missionary Society looked age Livingstone saw scarcely a trace of the coldly upon this scheme, and wrote to him that brutal rites and bloody superstitions of Da- they were "restricted in their power of aiding homey and Ashanti. The natives every where plans connected only remotely with the spread long for intercourse with the whites, and eager- of the Gospel ;" nor can we regret that Livingly seek the products of civilized labor. In re-stone, feeling his old love of independence regions where no white men had ever been seen vive, withdrew from his connection with the the cottons of Lowell and Manchester, passed Society, for the purpose of carrying out his own from tribe to tribe, are even now the standard plans. With all respect for the worthy persons currency. Civilized nations have an equal in- who manage missionary societies, we can not terest in opening intercourse with these coun- but believe that the man who led so large a tries, for they are capable of supplying those party across the African continent will accomgreat tropical staples which the industrious plish more for the good cause when working temperate zones must have, but can not pro-out his own plans than he would do by followduce. Livingstone found cotton growing wilding out their ideas.

EV

ness of his Own aphorism, that great deeds must be performed either before or after the enjoyment of an excellent meal; in other and more homely words, "it is impossible to fight upon an empty stomach."

་ On the 2d of Feb

ruary, 1855, Soyer, while supping in a London restaurant, conceived the idea of offering his services to the British Government as superintendent of the kitchen in the Barrack Hospital of Scutari, then overcrowded with wounded and cholera-stricken soldiers from the Crimea. Being a practical man, he at once wrote to the Times on the subject, proposed to undertake the task gratuitously, and to travel to the East at his own expense, if the Government would honor him with their confidence, and grant him full power of acting according to his knowledge and experience in such matters. This communication was sent late at night to Printing House Square, and even Soyer was surprised, the next morning, when a friend popped into his dressing-room and exclaimed,

"Halloa! so you are off to the seat of war ?" "The seat of war! Who told you so ?" "Why, the Times, to be sure. I have just read your letter, which, at all events, is very likely to carry you as far as Constantinople." "You don't say so! What! is my letter in the Times to-day?"

VERY one has heard of Alexis Soyer, the celebrated chef de cuisine, and of his mission to the Crimea to improve the diet of the British soldier. A litterateur, as well as the greatest living master of the mageric art, M. Soyer has not concealed the light of his genius under a bushel, but has given to the world a detailed history of his culinary campaign. A gourmet will fall into raptures over this production, and even the ordinary, unimpassioned reader will rise from its perusal fully persuaded that the fall of Sebastopol was accomplished by the persevering efforts of Alexis Soyer. Pelissier and Simpson, Bosquet and Wyndham, were but tools in his hands, for the chef had it in his power to settle their hash by a subtle ragout, or, by spoiling their indigestion, to invalidate their plans. Luckily for the fame of the Anglo-French alliance, Soyer's genius was only second to his pa- Soyer went out to the country that day, and triotism; and he fairly demonstrated the sound-on his return to town he discovered a letter from

"Of course it is."

66

"I sent it so late last night I did not suppose it could appear till to-morrow, if at all." "They would not have inserted it," continued the friend, had they not thought it of great importance, and that you were likely to improve the hospital diets. No doubt you will soon set them to rights."

HARPER'S NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

the Duchess of Sutherland on his desk, express-consequence of stormy weather the vessel was
ing a desire to meet him at Stafford House.
The chef hurried thither immediately, and found
the Duchess in the company of a large number
of her relatives.

"Monsieur Soyer," said her Grace, "we have read with deep interest your letter in the Times, and I can not but express my admiration of your noble devotion when any good can be effected, or the position of the suffering be relieved or ameliorated by your assistance. results of your interference would be very imThe portant-and especially at the present time-in our hospitals of Scutari, and in the Crimea, where, in consequence of such unexpected calamities, all is in the greatest confusion. I am aware that this offer is not your premier coup d'essai. But I should advise you to consider the matter well, in case the Government accept your services. Judging from the tenor of the letters I receive daily from Scutari, I can perceive great difficulties of which you are perhaps not aware."

obliged to seek shelter in the harbor of Ajaccio fourteen hours after its departure from Marseilles. This petit ville, as the reader knows, passengers were, of course, anxious to see the was the cradle of the first Napoleon, and all the house in which the great Emperor was born. While they rummaged here and there about the old building, the chef, true to his instincts, had a craving curiosity to visit the kitchen. Let him describe it himself:

ance," he says, in a letter written on the spot, 66 'By a great deal of courtesy and persevereighty-three years of age, who had been in the "I obtained from La Signora Grossetti (a lady late Emperor's family from infancy) the rusted key of the kitchen-door of that interesting and now deserted domicile. never before been made by the numerous travelers who daily visit the place. I am now Such a request had writing upon the stove in this celebrated kitchen. On my left hand is a well-constructed "Your Grace," replied Soyer, "is extreme-cooking-places, covered with glazed red tiles; charcoal stove, containing six nine-inch square ly kind to initiate me into the true position of the case; and, first of all, I beg to observe, that were there no great difficulties to surmount, I should not have offered my services. you permit me to set forth briefly the plan I proBut will pose adopting, if the Government should honor me with its confidence ?"

"Pray do," exclaimed several of the circle, especially the Duke of Argyle, a member of the Council of the Ministry.

"First of all, then," continued Soyer, "I should beg the entire confidence of the Government relative to my actions concerning the culinary department of the hospitals."

and an oval one, about eighteen inches long, by about six inches wide, on which the most delicious fish, game, meat, and poultry were no culinary art. At the spot upon which I am now doubt sul mitted to the highest perfection of the writing the roasting by wood-fire and the broilthe old jack, with the pulley that supported the ing by red ashes were carried on. There is also rope and weights. On my right is an old semiioned wrought-iron door, in which, no doubt, circular oven, partly in ruins, with an old-fashthe cakes and choice pastry were prepared to gratify the imperial infant's palate. Larders, ments of a kitchen, are not wanting; and confectionery, and all the requisite appointthough in a dilapidated state, an appearance of "My plan would also be, never to act with- family of distinction could afford - very differgrandeur is left to them such as none but a out the sanction of the doctor-in-chief respect-ent from what has been often reported and being the diets I mean to introduce. Upon ar- lieved by the vulgar; viz., that this great man riving at Scutari, I propose at once to take two had his origin in the bosom of an indigent famhundred patients, and diet them for a week, or ily." more, according to the doctor's approbation, and then gradually increase the number, till I have the whole under my direction."

"I have no doubt," answered her Grace, "that what you request will be granted without the least hesitation."

The Duchess thought M. Soyer's plan very practicable, and the Duke of Argyle promised to submit it to the Ministerial Council that aftcrnoon. Lord Panmure was charmed with the project. He sent for the chef, and having heard him detail his plans, he said,

"You must, after you leave Scutari, go to the Crimea, and cheer up these brave fellows in the camp. See what you can do. Your joyful countenance will do them good, Soyer; try and teach them to make the best of their rations."

And so the matter was settled. Alexis Soyer started on his mission to the East within three days after his conversation with the head of the War Department.

Soyer left Marseilles in the Simois, but in

Simois until their arrival at Messina. Thence This incident enlivened the passengers of the remained for four hours, giving M. Soyer an they sailed to Athens, at which port the vessel opportunity to visit the Acropolis. His letter to the Illustrated London News on this subject is immensely characteristic. time," writes the chef, "in the ancient Parthenon, I am cooking with my new camp-stove, petit déjeuner à la fourchette, with Greek and on a fallen capital of the stupendous ruins, a Sicilian wines, for my distinguished fellowtravelers."

"At the present

Within a brief space of time after leaving the ed, and the mouth of the Bosphorus reached. Piræus the straits of the Dardanelles were passThe great Oriental city, in all its splendor, is now spread before the eager gaze of the Simois' beauty of the prospect, Soyer is overpowered at passengers. While some are moved by the