developed men and women-are more commonly probable that at this time Mr. Morrison in cool and temperate climates than in warm sells them to the amount of twenty thousand and luxurious ones. dollars a year. But let him and his customers beware lest they buy too much and produce too little, and so go down to destruction. "He who hastens to be rich shall not be innocent," said the prophet, and he was not a fool. The growth of these Western towns which now stand upon the river's bank is surprising, almost incredible. Our old friend, "P. W.," tells of a brief conversation he had with a young man who reported himself as coming to New York from Davenport, where a few years ago Antoine le Claire lived, but where a city had then neither local habitation nor name. He said he came to New York to buy goods. "What goods?" "Music and musical instruments." Throughout the prairie regions of the West the want of timber and lumber are severely felt, and railroad companies are being driven into the adoption of coal-burning engines to save the consumption of wood. Through Ohio and parts of Indiana stumps and girdled trees still stand in the midst of grain-fields, and wood "What! for Davenport, where the stumps is a drug; but in Illinois, Lower Wisconsin, and are hardly dug out?" Iowa hedges of Osage Orange are resorted to, "Yes, Sir; I sell music and musical instru- and the seeds of forest trees are being sown for ments." "Only ?" "Yes, I sell those two things to the amount of five thousand dollars a year." P. W. turned away and marveled at the words. It is high future crops. In Upper Wisconsin and Iowa and in Minnesota forests abound, and there we find majestic pines which the sharp axes of the lumber-men are turning into "saw-logs;" we find also pioneers and axe-men busy in girdling and clearing the ground for com- their pockets to his, A JAM OF LOGS. In all these growing places, besides the land, there is a large investment in machinery, tools, work-shops, and steam powers; and these cities are not merely places where men buy and sell and get gain, but are also great bee-hives, where are produced a thousand things which civilized people now demand. But let us refer to the open secret of the whole matter, and let no man forget it. Out of the bosom of the bountiful earth comes all the wealth, and he who digs it makes money, not he who sits in his banking-house and with greased measure measures gold and wheat. He may get money, but the other makes it, and ought to have it. This great Northwest is now flooded with paper projects for cities which will never be built. Our readers well know that cities do not make themselves, but are built up with hard, persist- Behind these cities spread away those broad ent, and determined effort, and that, besides acres of fertile land upon which grow majestic unwearied labor, something is owing to circum-pines which come floating down the St. Croix, stances which no man can foresee. Our readers will, therefore, use due caution that some plausible speculator does not transfer coin from and the Rum, and the Mississippi, and the Chippewa rivers; the waving fields of wheat and corn, which in millions of bushels are sent forth to feed the people of the Old World as well as the New; and the beef, and pork, and lead, and coal, without which bankers and merchants would perish and leave no sign. Honor and glory and praise and profit be to those stalwart souls and bodies who produce. FORT SNELLING. velopment of her material resources, we might expect all else to be forgotten in the West. We therefore ask attention to a little thing, which lies at the root of the tree of liberty, and is the secret of the success (or failure) of free institutions. The wisest pioneers that ever colonized a new country were the Puritan leaders of New England; they sought material good, but they fully and fairly recognized the fact that "man lives not by bread alone," and they provided at the outset for the wants of the soul and mind as well as of the body; they established and sustained in the centres of their towns schools and meeting-houses, which are at the base of modern civilization and democracy; and which will save this nation from falling into speedy despotism and corruption and decay. Their descendants have every where followed this example, and throughout Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota schools and churches are established, and universities liberally endowed; while history and science have their associations of devoted inquirers. The public school system of New England is extended over the entire West, and even in New Orleans is introduced with an indefatigable corps of teachers. The universities of Michigan, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota are richly endowed with grants of lands, and we may yet see a growth of mind in the far West analogous to that of crops. So far ideas are the product of older countries, and the West has received these from the East, which she has repaid in food for the body. These universities and schools will do whatever can be done to check the madness of speculation and lust for wealth which now overruns the West. One of the peculiar features in the system of rivers which forms the Mississippi is the FLAT-BOAT (built of gunwales and plank), some one hundred feet long and thirty broad, square at the ends-familiarly known as "broad-horns." Some are roofed over, others are open, and they carry the loads of giants. On every tributary these arks are constructed through the summer and fall, ready to do their work when the hour shall come. And when the time does come, and the myriads of corn-fields, large and small, pour their crops together, these "broad-horns" receive them into their capacious chambers, and are swept down In the haste for money making, and in the de- ward by the stream. THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI. ceipts of the Winslow House were above six thousand dollars per month, while more than a dozen hotels besides were doing a thriving business. Steamers were coming and going When one sees the hosts of people collected | count of their lands, and to keep them quiet. in a large city the wonder is how they are to The enterprising traveler bent upon sight-seebe fed; but when ranks of barrels of flour and ing will, of course, visit this spot, as well as the meat, and piles of corn and bacon, disgorged new towns of Minneapolis and St. Anthony. from these broad-horns upon the spacious levee Ten short years have worked a marvelous at New Orleans are before you, one then won- change. Look for a moment at St. Paul, the leading But nothing is so ders who is to eat it all. strange to the man who has a decent regard for town of the upper river. In 1846 it contained his body as the infinite quantities of whisky ten inhabitants; in 1856 it contained ten thouand tobacco, produced in the West and South-sand; in June and July of that year, the rewest, which it is pretty well known can not be used safely, which, nevertheless, somebody does pour down their throats and chew in their mouths until the devil snatches them away. How some of the whisky is used it is worth while for ento terprising money-getters know. Thus, you buy it at say twenty-six cents a gallon, you add a little Danish.cherry brandy to give it a rich Otard flavor, and a little burnt sugar to give it a ruby tint, and a little Prussic acid to give it the genuine "tang," and then by afternoon you sell it for pure French brandy at This two dollars a gallon. is a nice little trick, which enables you to put money into your purse and destruction into your neighbor's home. A little above the falls is Fort Snelling, with its barracks and broad acres, which have recently been sold. The fort was established to keep Indians in check, and to protect early settlers. It has of late years been used as where certain payments were made to the old possess ors, on ac ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA. ST. ANTHONY. drays and teams and loads of emigrants were driving hither and thither and away. Carpenters and masons were hard at work, regretting that each of them was not a Briareus with a hundred hands, each to earn three dollars a day. Shops and dwellings were starting out of the ground as if magicians were busy, and all was life, and energy, and hope. The Court-house, Presbyterian Church, Baldwin School-house, State House, hotels, the new Cathedral, Masonic Hall, theatres, and Odd Fellows' Hall, adorn the city, and tell the story of wealth and work. Occasionally an Indian or a wild duck revisits his old haunts, and quickly disappears; the former turns his face westward to die-the latter wings its flight to Hudson's Bay, to seek a quiet nest to brood its young. Let us then pass on southward with the flowing water, which in this region runs clear. Here the river flows through a picturesque and varied country; high banks and rock-capped wooded bluffs are succeeded by open prairies and broken valleys. At the foot of Lake Pepin the new town of Wabasha is beginning to grow, where, a few days ago, was only prairie and grass. The river, for a distance of some twenty-five miles, spreads out into a broad sheet, varying from three to five miles in width; is bounded by woody hills and rocky shores, and is called, by courtesy, "Lake Pepin." On its eastern shore rises the "Maiden's Rock," four hundred feet high, around which still lingers a tale of love and deaththe story of a young Indian girl, Winona; how she loved a gay white trader, and would love no other, though her friends urged upon her a brave young chief of her own tribe; how her prayers and tears availed nothing; and then how she went on to the high rock, sang in low tones her death-song, and threw herself headlong, choosing rather thus to die than to live without love. Such realists are found among women, whether in the halls of kings or the wilderness of the West. This red girl had an earnest, loving soul. God protect her! These, however, are not the only things which interest the traveler; cities are to be built, or, at least, projected and mapped out, and |