avoided and that full advantage be taken of the work and recommendations of scientific and technical organizations, such, for example, as the U. R. S. I.

Annex 1

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following references are considered to be a partial bibliography of each subject and in many cases give data supplementing the foregoing discussion. The subjects covered are:

A. Frequency maintenance:

a. Frequency-standards and general.

b. Station-frequency measurement and adjustment.

c. Frequency monitoring.

d. Synchronization of broadcasting stations.

B. Communication band-widths.

C. Selectivity of radio-receivers.

D. High-frequency transmission distance ranges.

E. Transmitter-power rating.

A. Frequency Maintenance

a. Frequency-standards and general

1. Mesure en valeur absolue des periodes des oscillations electriques de haute frequence; H. Abraham and E. Bloch; Ann de Phys., 11, p. 237; 1919.

2. The valve-maintained tuning-fork as a precision time-standard; D. W. Dye; Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 103, p. 241; 1923.

3. Frequency measurement in electrical communication; J. W. Horton, N. H. Ricker, and W. A. Marrison; Trans. A. I. E. E., 42, p. 730; 1923.

4. A self-contained standard harmonic wavemeter; D. W. Dye; Phil. Trans. 224, p. 259; 1924.

5. Primary radio-frequency standardization by use of the cathode-ray oscillograph; Grace Hazen and Frieda Kenyon; Bureau of Standards Sci. Paper No. 489 (vol. 19, p. 445); 1924.

6. The use of photoelectric cells in the observation and maintenance of astronomical pendulums; G. Ferrie and R. Jouaust; Comptes Rendus, 180, p. 1145; 1925.

7. Establishment of radio standards of frequency by the use of a harmonic amplifier; C. B. Jolliffe and Grace Hazen; Bureau of Standards Sci. Paper No. 530 (vol. 21, p. 179); 1926.

8. Frequency measurements with the cathode-ray oscillograph; F. J. Rasmussen; Jour. A. I. E. E., 46, p. 3; Jan. 1927.

9. E. Klein and G. F. Rouse; Journal Optical Soc. of America. 14, p. 2856; March 1927.

10. Standard frequency and frequency measurement; A. Scheibe; Zeits. für Hochfrequenztechnik, 29, p. 120, April, and p. 158, May; 1927.

11. Standard frequency dissemination; M. S. Strock; Proc. I. R. E., 15 p. 727; Aug. 1927.

12. Comparisons of frequency measurements by means of piezo-resonators; G. Vallauri; Elettrotecnica, 14; July-Sept. 1927.

13. International comparison of frequency-standards; J. H. Dellinger; Papers of General Assembly held in Washington, International Scientific Radio Union, Part 1, p. 18; Oct. 1927.

14. Precision determination of frequency; J. W. Horton and W. A. Marrison; Proc. I. R. E., 16, p. 137; Feb. 1928; Papers of General Assembly held in Washington, U. R. S. I., Part 1, p. 28; Oct. 1927.

15. The Navy's primary frequency-standard; R. H. Worrall and R. B. Owens; Proc. I. R. E., 16, p. 778; June 1928.

16. A new type of standard-frequency piezo-electric oscillator; L. P. Wheeler and W. E. Bower; Proc. I. R. E., 16, p. 1035; Aug. 1928.

17. Standardization of frequency; S. Jimbo; Researches of the Electrotechnical Laboratory, No. 236; Ministry of Communications, Tokyo, Sept. 1928. 18. Magnetostriction oscillators; G. W. Pierce; Proc. I. R. E., 17, p. 42; Jan. 1929.

19. A convenient method for referring secondary frequency-standards to a standard time-interval; L. M. Hull and J. K. Clapp; Proc. I. R. E., 17, p. 252; Feb. 1929.

20. A system for frequency measurements based on a single frequency; E. L. Hall; Proc. I. R. E., 17, p. 272; Feb. 1929.

21. The testing of piezo-oscillators for broadcasting stations; E. L. Hall; I. R. E. preprint of April 3, 1929.

22. Internationale Vergleichung von frequenznormalen für elektrische Schwengungen (International comparison of frequency-standards for radio); E. Giebe and A. Scheibe; Zeits. f. Hochfrequenztechnik, 33, p. 176; May 1929. b. Station-frequency measurement and adjustment

23. Piezo-electric crystal resonators and crystal oscillators applied to the precision calibration of wavemeters; G. W. Pierce; Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci., 59, p. 81; 1923.

24. Bibliography on piezo-electricity; W. G. Cady; Proc. I. R. E., 16, p. 521; April 1928.

25. The status of frequency standardization; J. H. Dellinger; Proc. I. R. E., 16, p. 579; May 1928.

c. Frequency monitoring

26. Methods and apparatus for measurement of the frequencies of distant radio-transmitting stations; Bureau of Standards Letter Circular 171; 1928. 27. Measurement of the frequencies of distant radio-transmitting stations; G. Pession & T. Gorio; Proc. I. R. E., 17, p. 734; April 1929.

28. The routine measurement of the operating frequencies of broadcast stations; H. L. Bogardus & C. T. Manning; I. R. E., preprint of April 3, 1929.

d. Synchronization of broadcasting stations

29. Some possibilities and limitations in common frequency broadcasting; D. K. Martin, G. D. Gillett, I. S. Bemis; Proc. I. R. E., 15, p. 213; March 1927. 30. The operation of several broadcasting stations on the same wave-length; P. P. Eckersley & A. B. Howe; J. I. E. E. (London), 67, p. 772; June 1929; Experimental Wireless, 6, p. 196; April 1929.

B. Communication Band-widths

1. Notes on the theory of modulation; John R. Carson; Proc. I. R. E., 10, p. 57; Feb. 1922.

2. Submarine cable telegraphy; J. W. Milnor; Trans. A. I. E. E., 41; 1922.

3. Relations of carrier and side bands in radio-transmission; R. V. L. Hartley; Proc. I. R. E., 11, p. 34; 1923.

4. Certain factors affecting telegraph speed; H. Nyquist; Jnl. A. I. E. E., 43, p. 124; Feb. 1924.

5. Selecting the carrier frequency for the voice-frequency telegraph system; M. Luschen and K. Kupfmuller; Elektrische Nachrichten Technik, 41, no. 4; April 1929.

6. Certain topics in telegraph transmission theory; H. Nyquist; Transactions A. I. E. E., 47, p. 617; April 1928.

7. Carrier systems on long-distance telephone lines; H. A. Affel, C. S. Demarest and C. W. Green; Bell System Technical Journal, 7, p. 564; July 1928. 8. Die Ausmutzungsmöglichkeiten einer Fernkadelader für Telegraphie; H. Stahl; Telegraphen und Fernsprech Technik; April 1929.

C. Selectivity of Radio-receivers

1. The Avalon-Los Angeles radio toll circuit; L. M. Clement, F. M. Ryan and D. K. Martin; Proc. I. R. E., 9, p. 469; Dec. 1921.

2. Notes on the measurement of radio signals; C. R. Englund; Proc. I. R. E., 11, p. 26; Feb. 1923.

3. Voice-frequency carrier telegraph system for cables; B. P. Hamilton, H. Nyquist, M. B. Long and W. A. Phelps; Jour. A. I. E. E., 44, p. 327; March 1925. 4. Production of single sideband for transatlantic telephony; R. A. Heising; Proc. I. R. E., 13, p. 291; June 1925.

5. Discussion on the shielded neutrodyne receiver; L. A. Hazeltine; Proc. I. R. E., 14, p. 395; June 1926.

6. Selectivity of tuned radio-receiving sets; K. W. Jarvis; Proc. I. R. E., 15, p. 401; May 1927.

7. Distortionless reception of a modulated wave and its relation to selectivity; F. K. Vreeland; Proc. I. R. E., 16, p. 255; March 1928.

8. Carrier telephone system for short toll circuits; Black Almquist and Elgenfritz; Trans. A. I. E. E., 48, p. 117; Jan. 1929.

9. Receiving sets for aircraft beacon and telephony; H. Pratt and H. Diamond; Bureau of Standards Research Paper No. 19, October 1928; Proc. I. R. E. 17, p. 283; Feb. 1929.

10. An aircraft radio-receiver for use with rigid antenna; F. H. Drake; Proc. I. R. E., 17, p. 306; Feb. 1929.

11. Recent developments in superheterodyne receivers; G. L. Beers and W. L. Carlson; Proc. I. R. E., 17, p. 501; March 1929.

D. High-frequency Transmission Distance Ranges

1. An investigation of transmission on the higher radio-frequencies; A. H. Taylor; Proc. I. R. E., 13, p. 683; 1925.

2. On the diurnal variation of ultra-short wave wireless transmission; E. V. Appleton; Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc., 23, part 2, p. 155; 1926.

3. An investigation of wireless waves arriving from the upper atmosphere; R. L. Smith-Rose and R. H. Barfield; Proc. Royal Soc., 110, p. 580; 1926.

4. The propagation of radio waves over the earth; A. H. Taylor and E. O. Hulburt; Physical Review, 27, p. 189; 1926.

5. Transmission en ondes courtes; H. Chireix; L'Onde Electrique, 5 p. 237: 1926.

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6. Some measurements of short wave transmission; R. A. Heising, J. C. Schelleng, G. C. Southworth; Proc. I. R. E., 14, 613; 1926.

7. Relation between the height of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer and highfrequency radio-transmission phenomena; A. H. Taylor; Proc. I. R. E., 14 521; 1926.

8. The propagation of radio waves along the surface of the earth and in the atmosphere; P. Pederson; book; Denmark; 1927.

9. Experiments and observations concerning the ionized regions of the atmosphere; R. A. Heising; Proc. I. R. E., 16, 75; 1928.

10. Technical considerations involved in the allocation of short waves; frequencies between 1.5 and 30 megacycles; Lloyd Espenschied; Proc. I. R. E., 16, 773; 1928.

11. Effective heights of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer in December 1927 and January 1928; G. Breit, M. A. Tuve and O. Dahl; Proc. I. R. E., 16, p. 1236; 1928.

E. Transmitter-power Rating

1. Some quantitative experiments in long-distance radiotelegraphy; L. W. Austin; reprint 159 from Bulletin of Bureau of Standards, 7, no. 2, pp. 315363; Feb. 1911.

(Long-distance measurements of field-intensity from low-frequency stations are plotted against distance and are compared with theoretical transmission curves and an empirical correction for absorption is derived. An empirical transmission formula is then derived.)

2. Quantitative experiments in radiotelegraphic transmission; L. W. Austin; reprint 226 from Bulletin of Bureau of Standards, 11, pp. 69-86; 1914.

(Short and long-distance low-frequency field-intensity measurements found more closely in agreement with Austin empirical formula than with Somerfeld's theoretical transmission formula.)

3. Radio-transmission measurements; R. Bown, C. R. Englund, H. T. Friis; Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs., 11, pp. 115–152; April 1923; Electrician (London), 90, pp. 645-48; June 15, 1923.

(Describes two types of apparatus developed by American Telephone & Telegraph Co. and Western Electric Co. for measurement of low and broadcast frequencies, respectively. Includes circuit diagrams and results of measurements of signals and atmospheric disturbances including polar diagrams of fieldintensity produced by three stations.)

4. Distribution of radio waves from broadcasting stations over city districts; R. Brown and G. D. Gillett; Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs., 12, pp. 395-410; Aug. 1924. (Results of extensive field-intensity surveys around New York City and Washington, D. C., broadcast stations, including radio field-intensity contour maps for these stations.)

5. Report on measurements made on signal strength at great distances during 1922 and 1923 by an expedition sent to Australia; H. J. Round, T. L. Eckersley, K. Tremellen and F. C. Lunnon; Jnl. Institution of Elec. Engrs. (London), 63, pp. 933-1001; October 1925; discussion on paper, pp. 1001-1011.

(A new type of field-intensity measuring apparatus is described. Diurnal and seasonal variations of field-intensity of various long-wave transmissions are charted, also variations of field-intensity with distance. Field-intensities at short distances found to show fair agreement with Watson's diffraction formula, and for long distance with his reflection formula. Land absorption, surface dielectric loss, night attenuation bi-directional transmission, attenuation are discussed.)

6. An investigation of transmission on the higher radio frequencies; A. H. Taylor; Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs., 13, pp. 677-83; Dec. 1925.

(Gives preliminary range chart for frequencies ranging from 100 to 20,000 kc. Data derived from Naval Research Laboratory experiments, from amateurs and others. Regions of uncertain reception and some of no reception are described.)

7. Preliminary note on proposed changes in the constants of the Austin-Cohen transmission formula; L. W. Austin; Jnl. Washington Academy of Sciences, 16, pp. 228-231; April 19, 1926; Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs., 14, pp. 377-380; June 1926.

(Austin-Cohen formula absorption factor is revised to fit more recent data.) 8. General report on progress of radio measurements; J. H. Dellinger; U. R. S. I., American Section, mimeographed report of April 24, 1926.

(Pages 8 to 11 discuss the various methods of station-power rating and suggest practical method utilizing field-intensity measurements. Pages 17 to 19 give comprehensive set of formulas relating field-intensities and receivingantenna current with transmitting-antenna data.)

9. The propagation of radio waves; J. Hollingworth; Jnl. Institution Elec. Engr. (London), 64, pp. 579-595; May 1926.

(Low-frequency intensity measurements are made simultaneously at 4 points at short distances. Data show lack of consistency, not agreeing with AustinCohen formula. Interference and multiple reflection effects are noted.)

10. On the attenuation of wireless signals in short distance overland transmission; J. A. Ratcliffe and M. A. F. Barnett; Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc., 23, pp. 288-303; May 1926.

(Measuring apparatus is described. Measurements below 1,000 kc give information on resistivity of ground, and measurements on frequencies above 2,000 kc give dielectric constant of the ground. Attenuation measurements on 187.5 kc (1,600 m) and 830 kc (360 m) correlate closely with values calculated from Somerfeld's theory for distances greater than 10 wave-lengths, but deviate for shorter distances. Distance-attenuation curves are given.)

11. Some measurements of short-wave transmission; R. A. Heising, J. C. Schelleng and G. C. Southworth; Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs., 14, pp. 613-647; Oct. 1926.

(Quantitative data on field-intensity and telephonic intelligibility are given for frequencies of 2,700 to 18,000 ke and for distances up to 1,000 miles, with some data at 3,400 miles. Data presented as curves and surfaces. Comparisons made over land and water, between night and day, between vertical and horizontal antenna transmissions. Fading, speech quality, and noise discussed.) 12. Reduction of interference in broadcast reception, A. N. Goldsmith, Proc. I. R. E., 14, pp. 575-603; Oct. 1926.

(Investigation of factors influencing broadcast reception, includes fieldintensity survey around WJZ, Bound Brook, N. J.)

13. Some experimental radio field-intensity measurements and observations; Radio Service Bulletin No. 120, pp. 10-19; March 31, 1927.

14. The attenuation of wireless waves over land; R. H. Barfield; Experimental Wireless & W. Engr. (London), 4, pp. 25-30; Jan. 1928; Wireless Wld. & Radio Rev., 22, pp. 2-6; Jan. 4, 1928.

(Field-intensity measurements with portable apparatus on transmissions of 2 LO (London). Includes map showing distribution of field-intensities around