Am. Labor Legis. Rev., Mar., 1920. Pp. 9. Compares private companies, competitive state funds, state funds and self insurance.

JENKINS, F. W. Industrial pensions: a selected bibliography. Bull. Russell Sage Foundation No. 38, Dec., 1919. Pp. 3.

KASKEL, W. Die Entwickelung der Sozialversicherung Zeit der Revolution, Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Versicherungwis., Jan., 1920. Pp. 13. Aside from the increase in maternity benefits, the year's developments in sickness, accident, and invalidity insurance have been of minor importance.

KAVANAGH, J. E. The probable trend of life insurance production in the future. Econ. World, Jan. 31, 1920. Pp. 3. Group life, group health, old age pensions, etc., offer fields for expansion.

KNOWLES, C. M. State control of industrial accident insurance. Journ. Comp. Legis., Jan., 1920. Pp. 21. Methods used in leading countries having compulsory systems; full account of state funds.

KRONER, K. Die Lebensprognose der Kriegsteilnehmer. Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Versicherungwis., Jan., 1920. Pp. 11. Those who returned uninjured from service are to be considered good risks; in general, no depreciation in national physique is to be expected.

LAPP, J. A. The findings of official health insurance commissions. Am. Labor Legis. Rev., Mar., 1920. Pp. 14. Summary and critique of the reports of the state commissions.

Lock, F. A review of fire insurance in the United States in 1919. Econ. World, Jan. 24, 1920. Pp. 3. Business the best of five good years; losses lower than previous year; rates slightly higher; expenses much higher; automobile business enormously increased. New lines are strike, riot, aviation, foreign business.

PHILLIPS, J. S. Matters of importance in connection with workmen's compensation insurance in 1919. Econ. World, Mar. 13, 1920. Pp. 2. The year 1918 was a profitable one for the carriers and a revision of rates has been undertaken. The State Insurance Fund should not be given a monopoly. RANSOM, J. E. Sickness facts indicate urgent need of compulsory health insurance. Am. Labor Legis. Rev., Mar., 1920. Pp. 5. Member of Illinois health insurance commission finds that data show necessity of such insur

ance.

SIMPSON, J. D. Wordings and warranties in fire insurance policies. Econ. World, Feb. 28, 1920. Pp. 2. The business of the insured, the rights of mortgage owners, blanket wordings and proportion of co-insurance should be carefully defined.

VALGREN, V. N. Suggestions for a state law providing for the organization of farmers' mutual fire insurance companies. U. S. Dept. Agri. Circular No. 77, Jan., 1920. Pp. 4. Text of draft of act.

British marine insurance in 1919. Econ. World, Feb. 7, 1920. Pp. 3. Changes in terms of contract and increase of rates form important development of year.

Insurance laws of Greece. Comm. Repts., Mar. 16, 1920. Pp. 2. Terms permitting corporations to do fire or marine business.

Insurance results in 1919. Bank. Mag. (London), Feb., 1920. Pp. 12. British life, fire, accident, marine, and miscellaneous business.

Italy: the national institute for insurance against the accidents of labour. Intern. Rev. Agr. Econ., June-July, 1919. Pp. 12. Reorganization under the new laws will increase its scope and decentralize its management. Life insurance in Great Britain in 1919. Econ. World, Jan. 17, 1920. Pp. 3. Large increase in business in 1918 and preliminary reports indicate that 1919 will be even more prosperous.

Memorandum on industrial insurance. Charity Organ. Rev. (London), Feb., 1920. Pp. 9. Nationalisation would be a step backward by making rigid a system which now has elasticity.

The Merchants' Association of New York adopts report opposing compulsory Industrial health insurance. Econ. World, Mar. 20, 1920. Pp. 3. Such insurance is paternalistic and socialistic; does not include the very poor, nor those with long illnesses; great majority of wage earners already receive the medical service needed.

Pauperism, Charities, and Relief Measures

(Abstracts by George B. Mangold)

KLINE, G. M. Social service in the state hospital. Bull. Mass. Comm, on Mental Diseases, Jan., 1919. Pp. 12. Gives a brief statement of medical social service. Also outlines the work now done in this institution and presents a number of case histories illustrative of the services carried on. RYAN, J. A. The state and social distress. Catholic Charities Rev., Jan., 1920. Takes a middle ground between individualistic and socialistic theories. Recognizes the importance of the state in dealing with the individual's environment and suggests that the state deal with such factors as standards of labor, ignorance, housing, bad sanitary conditions, and causes of immorality. Public relief is primarily that furnished through institutions but under certain conditions outdoor relief is also desirable.

Statistics

(Abstracts by Horace Secrist)

ADAMS, N. C. British railway wages. Mo. Labor Rev., Mar., 1920. Pp. 10. ALLEN, J. E. Some changes in the distribution of the national income during the war. Journ. Royal Stat. Soc., Jan., 1920. Pp. 20. The conclusions of the study, the author summarizes as follows, after a careful analysis of the evidences of income upon which statistical data are available: "the principal changes of the last five years appear to be (1) a serious diminution in the real income from pre-war wealth, (2) a rise in the money value of small salaries which has hardly kept pace with the depreciation of the currency, and a diminishing rise in the higher grades of salaries, (3) a large increase in wages, which, in the lower grades, more than keeps pace

with the depreciation of the currency. Taxation, too, has made for a greater equality of income. On the whole, therefore, it appears that the wage-earning classes receive a larger share of the national income than they did before the war."

AMOROSO, L.

Contributo all teoria matematica della interpolazione. Giorn. d. Econ., Dec., 1919. Pp. 6.

BOWLEY, A. L. Report on the census. Journ. Royal State. Soc., Jan., 1920. Pp. 5. Report on the census (English) of 1921, by a committee appointed by the council of the Royal Statistical Society to consider proposals for improvements in the census of 1921.

CARR, E. N. Production, cold-storage holdings, and wholesale and retail prices of butter and cheese. Mo. Labor Rev., Jan., 1920. Pp. 14. "In this article an attempt is made to show the relation between the amount of butter and cheese in cold storage, the amount produced, and the trend in wholesale and retail prices."

CARVER, H. C. On the graduation of frequency distributions. Proc. Casualty Actuarial & Stat. Soc. Am., Nov. 21, 1919. Pp. 21.

COWDERY, K. M. A statistical study of intelligence as a factor in vocational progress. Journ. Delinquency, Nov., 1919. "The present investigation is a statistical study of the relation of measurable general intelligence to the ability to progress under vocational instruction in various trades and occupations. The subjects are delinquent boys mostly between the ages of 14 and 18 years, who have been committed to the Whittier State School." DAVENPORT, C. B. and Love, A. G. Defects found in drafted men. Sci. Mo., Feb., 1920. Pp. 17. Second article. Includes defects of eyes, ears, and respiratory organs. The data are shown graphically by geographical areas. Concludes, in terms of military fitness, that "the Northwest contains the best men of the country."

DAVIS, J. S. World currency expansion during the war and in 1919. Rev. Econ. Stat., Jan., 1920. Pp. 12. An extensive study of the currency expansion for all of the leading countries of the world, particular attention being given to 1918 and 1919, and to present tendencies.

DAY, E. E. Standardization of the construction of statistical tables. Quart. Pubs. Am. Stat. Assoc., Mar., 1920. Pp. 8. A study of the implications and desirability of standardization of the construction of statistical tables. DUBLIN, L. I. and BAKER, G. W. The mortality of race stocks in Pennsylvania and New York. Quart. Pubs. Amer. Stat. Assoc., Mar., 1920. Pp. 32. A study of the comparative mortality of the principal European race stocks in Pennsylvania and New York. Supports the contention of an earlier article, restricted to race stocks in New York, which appeared in the AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, September, 1916.

EMMET, B. Duration of wage earners' disabilities. Mo. Labor Rev., Mar., 1920. Pp. 11. A study undertaken for the purpose of revealing the duration of disability as influenced by age and occupation.

ESTES, L. V. Visualizing facts for control. Indust. Manag., Jan., 1920. Pp. 6. A plea for the use of graphics in industrial management. Charts of various types for securing control are shown.

A

GODFREY, E. H. Fifty years of Canadian progress as illustrated by official statistics, 1867-1917. Journ. Royal Stat. Soc., Jan., 1920. Pp. 77. comprehensive comparative description of Canadian progress as indicated by "the acquisition of territory and growth of population, the utilization of natural resources in respect of agriculture, livestock, dairying, forestry, fisheries, minerals and manufactures, the trade movements as represented by exports and imports, the development of facilities of transportation and communications, finance, and the records of public education, temperance and criminality."

HARPER, R. M. A graphic method of measuring civilization and some of its applications. Sci. Mo., Mar., 1920. Pp. 14. A discussion of a device for measuring the degree of civilization of groups, as indicated by occupation and education, when decimal weights are assigned to each of these factors and the results are graphically presented.

HILL, J. A. The essentials of a good census. Quart. Pubs. Am. Stat. Assoc., Mar., 1920. Pp. 13. A discussion of the standards by which a census is called "good," and the application of such standards to past censuses. HUNTINGTON, E. V. Mathematics and statistics, with an elementary account of the correlation coefficient and the correlation ratio. Am. Math. Mo., Dec., 1919. A concise and simple mathematical statement. A bibliography of the more common books and articles dealing with the development and use of the Pearsonian correlation coefficient is appended.

KNIBBS, G. H. Statistics and national destiny. United Empire, Jan., 1920. A plea for the use of statistics in the settlement of post-war problems of the British Empire, and of a closer coördination of the statistical records and activities of its various parts.

LENOIR, M. M. Etudes spéciales. Le mouvement des cours des valeurs mobilières françaises depuis 1856. Bull. de la Stat. Gen. de la France, Oct., 1919. Pp. 18. A comprehensive study of price movements in France since 1856. Comparison for the different commodities and groups are shown graphically and the indexes fully reported.

LENS. The coming census. New Statesman, Jan. 31, 1920. A clear statement of the problems connected with the taking of the coming British census, and of the benefits to be expected from it. Two desiderata of a national census are named: "promptitude in publication" and the employment, in connection with the work, of a "competent student who can both interpret figures and write English to prepare a statement of the findings in such a form that people will read it and understand its real meaning."

...

MOORE, H. L. The flexibility of prices. Pol. Sci. Quart., Dec., 1919. Pp. 21. An interesting mathematical analysis of the relation between the supply and price of cotton, and the profits from cotton production, based on data for the period, 1889-1913.

PERSONS, W. M. A non-technical explanation of the index of general business conditions. Rev. Econ. Stat., Feb., 1920. Pp. 10. Simplified, nonmathematical, and descriptive statement of the method of computing the barometric business index currently issued by the Harvard Committee on Economic Research.

PERSONS, W. M. The basis of credit expansion under the Federal Reserve system. Rev. Econ. Stat., Jan., 1920. Pp. 7. A comparative statement of credit expansion under the old banking system, and under the federal reserve system, together with a basis for estimating the credit expansion possible under present banking organization.

REDFIELD, A. H. New Dutch trade statistics for 1917. Comm. Repts., Dec. 26, 1919. Pp. 3. A critical statement of the manner in which Dutch statistics of imports and exports were prepared prior to January 1, 1917, and are now prepared.

SCHNEEBELI, H. Das schweizerische Bankwesen im Jahre 1918. Zeitschr. f. schweiz. Stat. & Volkswirts., 55 Jahrgang, Heft 3, 1919. Pp. 73. An elaborate discussion of Swiss banking operations in 1918 and comparative statistical statements extending over a period of years.

SECRIST, H. Statistical standards in business research. Quart. Pubs. Am. Stat. Assoc., Mar., 1920. Pp. 14. A development of the statistical standards to which research in business must conform. Distinction is made between rules of statistical procedure and the standards, lying back of the rules, which give them pertinency.

SMITH, F. H. Significant trends in lumber production in the United States. Am. Forestry, Mar., 1920. Pp. 4. Statistical and graphic account of the lumber cut by groups of states, 1850-1918, and annual consumption of timber in the United States.

SPURR, J. E. Who owns the earth? Eng. & Mining Journ., Feb. 7, 1920. Pp. 3. A comparison of the mineral wealth of the nations.

TINGLEY, R. H. Price levels and market prospects. Am. Industries, Jan., 1920. Pp. 3. A tabulation of answers to a questionnaire on the factors that affect business policy submitted by representatives of 25 widely separated industries.

VINCI, F. L'esito dei conflitti di lavoro dal punto di vista statistico. Riv. d. Soc. Comm., Oct., 1919. Pp. 27.

WICKSELL, S. D. Vidare om äktenskapliga fruktsamhetens regionala fördeling samt om dess samband med andra statistiska data. Ek. Tids., Aug., 1920. Pp. 26. A detailed, technical study of Swedish birth statistics during the period 1901-1910.

ZINGALI, G. Della determinazione statistica degli estremi del rifornimento alimentare dell'Italia durante la guerra. Riv. d. Soc. Comm., Nov., 1919. Pp. 8.

Appendix of current statistics. Rev. Econ. Stat., Feb., 1920. Pp. 13. Current statistics on agriculture, mining, manufacturing, domestic trade, international trade, finance, prices, and labor are conveniently summarized.