DIVISION (B).—Class 4.

RULES for FOREIGN-GOING STEAMSHIPS not certified to carry PASSENGERS, (a) Ships of this Class shall carry, on each side, at least so many and such boats of wood or metal placed under davits, of which one on one side shall De a boat of Section (A) or Section (B), and on the other side shall be a boat of Section (A), or Section (B), or Section (C), that the boats on each side of the ship shall be sufficient to accommodate all persons on board. They shall have proper appliances for getting the boats into the water.

(b) They shall carry approved life-belts as required for ships of Division (B), Class 1.

(c) They shall carry not less than six approved life-buoys.

DIVISION (C).-CLASS 1.

RULES for STEAMSHIPS not certified to carry PASSENGERS plying anywhere within the Home Trade Limits.

(a) Ships of this Class shall carry, on each side, at least so many and such boats of wood or metal placed under davits, of which one on each side shall be a boat of Section (A), or of Section (B), or of Section (C), that the boats on each side of the ship shall be sufficient to accommodate all persons on board. They shall have proper appliances for getting the boats into the water.

(b) They shall also carry approved life-belts, so that there may be at least one for each person carried on board the ship.

(c) They shall also carry not less than four approved life-buoys.

DIVISION (C).—CLASS 2.

RULES for SAILING SHIPS in the same TRADES not carrying PASSENGERS.

(a) Ships of this class shall carry a boat or boats of wood or metal, at least sufficient for all persons on board, and in such a position as to be readily got into the water. Each boat shall be provided with one gallon of vegetable or animal oil and a vessel of an approved pattern for distributing it in the water in rough weather.

(b) Ships of this Class shall also carry an approved life-belt for each person on board.

(c) They shall also carry at least two approved life-buoys.

DIVISION (D).—CLASS 1.

RULES for STEAMSHIPS having PASSENGER CERTIFICATES authorising them to carry PASSENGERS within certain specified Limits of the HOME TRADE: that is to say, on short specified Passages along the COASTS of the UNITED KINGDOM, or between GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND, or between GREAT BRITAIN or IRELAND and the ISLE OF MAN.

(a) Ships of this Class shall, according to their tonnage, carry boats placed under davits, as required by the Table for ships in Division (A), Class 1, but all such boats as are not required to be of Sections (A) or (B), must be of Section (C).

(b) If the boats placed under davits in accordance with the above require

ments do not furnish sufficient accommodation for all persons on board, then additional wood, metal, collapsible, or other boats of approved description (whether placed under davits or otherwise), or approved life-rafts, shall be carried of at least such cubical capacity that they and the boats required to be placed under davits by Table (c) provide together in the aggregate onehalf more than the minimum cubic contents provided by column 3 of that Table. For this purpose 3 cubic feet of air case in the life-raft is to be estimated as 10 cubic feet of internal capacity; provided always that the rafts will accommodate the persons for which they are certified under the rules.

(c) Provided that if (having regard to the avoidance of undue incumbrance of the ship's deck, and to the safety of the ship for her voyage) it is not practicable for any ship of this Class to carry all the additional approved boats or approved life-rafts required by the preceding sub-section (b), the deficiency so caused may be made up by the supply of an equivalent number of approved buoyant deck seats or other approved buoyant deck fittings.

(d) Ships of this class shall also carry approved life-belts or other similar approved articles of equal buoyancy suitable for being worn on the person, so that there may be at least one for each person on board the ship.

(e) At least one approved life-buoy shall also be provided for each boat of wood or metal carried by the ship, but in no case shall less than six approved life-buoys be provided.

(f) Provided nevertheless that no ship of this Class shall be required to carry more boats, rafts, and other buoyant deck fittings than will furnish sufficient accommodation for all persons on board.

DIVISION (D).—CLASS 2.

RULES for STEAMSHIPS carrying PASSENGERS on short EXCURSIONS or PLEASURE TRIPS to SEA, or in ESTUARIES or MOUTHS of RIVERS during DAYLIGHT.

(a) Ships of this Class shall carry at least two boats of Section (A), or Section (B), or Section (C), placed under davits, and with proper appliances for getting them into the water.

(b) They shall also carry other boats, approved buoyant apparatus and (or) approved life-belts sufficient, with the boats required by paragraph (a), to keep afloat all the persons on board the ship.

(c) At least four approved life-buoys shall be carried.

DIVISION (D).-CLASS 3.

RULES for STEAMSHIPS carrying PASSENGERS on RIVERS and (or) LAKES, but not going to SEA or into ROUGH WATERS.

(a) Ships of this Class shall carry one boat in such a position that she can readily be got into the water. They shall also carry approved buoyant apparatus or approved life-belts and approved life-buoys at least sufficient, together with the boat, to keep afloat all persons carried on board. (b) At least four approved life-buoys shall be carried.

NOTE. A discretion may be exercised by the Board of Trade to relieve steam launches, steamers plying in narrow waters, and ferry boats from the operation of the whole or part of Rule (a) of this Class.

GENERAL RULES.

(1) BOATS.-All boats shall be constructed and properly equipped as provided by these Rules, and all boats and other life-saving appliances are to be kept ready for use to the satisfaction of the Board of Trade. Internal buoyancy apparatus may be constructed of wood, or of copper or yellow metal of not less than 18 oz. to the superficial foot, or of other durable material.

Section (A).-A boat of this section shall be a life-boat, of whale-boat form,
properly constructed of wood or metal, having for every 10 cubic feet of
her capacity, computed as in Rule (2), at least 1 cubic foot of strong and
serviceable enclosed air-tight compartments, so constructed that water
cannot find its way into them.

Section (B).-A boat of this section shall be a life-boat, of whale-boat form,
properly constructed of wood or metal, having inside and outside buoy-
ancy apparatus together equal in efficiency to the buoyancy apparatus
provided for a boat of Section (A). At least one-half of the buoyancy
apparatus must be attached to the outside of the boat.
Section (C).-A boat of this section shall be a life-boat properly con-
structed of wood or metal, having some buoyancy apparatus attached to
the inside and (or) outside of the boat equal in efficiency to one-half of
the buoyancy apparatus provided for a boat of Section (A) or Section (B).
At least one-half of the buoyancy apparatus must be attached to the
outside of the boat.

Section (D).—A boat of this section shall be a properly constructed boat of wood or metal.

Section (E).—A boat of this section shall be a boat of approved construction, form, and material, and may be collapsible.

(2) CUBIC CAPACITY.-The cubic capacity of a boat shall be deemed to be her cubic capacity, ascertained (as in measuring ships for tonnage capacity) by Stirling's rule; but as the application of that rule entails much labour, the following simple plan, which is approximately accurate, may be adopted for general purposes, and when no question requiring absolute correct adjustment is raised:

Measure the length and breadth outside and the depth inside. Multiply them together and by 6; the product is the capacity of the boat in cubic feet. Thus a boat 28 ft. long, 8 ft. 6 in. broad, and 3 ft. 6 in. deep will be regarded as having a capacity of 28 × 85 × 35 × 6 = 499·8, or 500 cubic feet. If the oars are pulled in rowlocks, the bottom of the rowlock is to be considered the gunwale of the boat for ascertaining her depth.

(3) NUMBER OF PERSONS FOR BOATS.-The number of persons a boat of Section (A) shall be deemed fit to carry shall be the number of cubic feet ascertained as in Rule (2), divided by 10.

The number of persons a boat of Section (B), (C), (D), or (E), shall be deemed fit to carry shall be the number of cubic feet ascertained as in Rule (2), divided by 8. The space in the boat shall be sufficient for the seating of the persons carried in it, and for the proper use of the oars.

(4) APPLIANCES FOR LOWERING BOATS.-Appliances for getting a boat into the water must fulfil the following conditions: Means are to be provided for speedily, but not necessarily simultaneously or automatically, detaching the boats from the lower blocks of the davit tackles; the boats placed under davits are to be attached to the davit tackles and kept ready for service; the davits are to be strong enough and so spaced that the boats can be swung out with facility; the points of attachment of the boats to the davits are to

be sufficiently away from the ends of the boats to ensure their being easily swung clear of the davits; the boats' chocks are to be such as can be expeditiously removed; the davits, falls, blocks, eye-bolts, rings, and the whole of the tackling are to be of sufficient strength; the boat's falls are to be long enough to lower the boat into the water with safety when the vessel is light. The life-lines shall be fitted to the davits and be long enough to reach the water when the vessel is light; and hooks are not to be attached to the lower tackle blocks.

(5) EQUIPMENTS FOR COLLAPSIBLE OR OTHER BOATS AND FOR LIFERAFTS.-In order to be properly equipped each boat shall be provided as follows:

(a) With the full single-banked complement of oars, and two spare oars. (b) With two plugs for each plug-hole, attached with lanyards or chains, and one set and a half of thole pins or crutches, attached to the boat by sound lanyards.

(c) With a sea anchor, a baler, a rudder and tiller, or yoke and yoke lines, a painter of sufficient length, and a boat-hook. The rudder and baler to be attached to the boat by sufficiently long lanyards, and kept ready for use. In boats where there may be a difficulty in fitting a rudder a steering oar may be provided instead. (d) A vessel to be kept filled with fresh water shall be provided for each boat.

(e) Life-rafts shall be fully provided with a suitable approved equip

ment.

(6) ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENTS FOR BOATS OF SECTION (A) AND SECTION (B). In order to be properly equipped, each boat of Sections (A) and (B), in addition to being provided with all the requisites laid down in Rule (5), shall be equipped as follows, but not more than four boats in any one ship require to have this outfit:

(a) With two hatchets or tomahawks, one to be kept in each end of the boat, and to be attached to the boat by a lanyard.

(b) With a mast or masts, and with at least one good sail, and proper gear

for each.

(c) With a line becketed round the outside of the boat and securely made

fast.

(d) With an efficient compass.

(e) With one gallon of vegetable or animal oil, and a vessel of an approved pattern for distributing it in the water in rough weather. (f) With a lantern trimmed, with oil in its receiver sufficient to burn eight hours.

(7) NUMBER OF PERSONS FOR LIFE-RAFTS.-The number of persons that any approved life-raft for use at sea shall be deemed to be capable of carrying, shall be determined with reference to each separate pattern approved by the Board of Trade; provided always, that for every person so carried there shall be at least three cubic feet of strong and serviceable inclosed air-tight compartments, constructed so that water cannot find its way into them. Any approved life-raft of other construction may be used, provided that it has equivalent buoyancy to that hereinbefore described. Every such approved life-raft shall be marked in such a way as to plainly indicate the number of adult persons it can carry.

(8) BUOYANT APPARATUS.-Approved buoyant apparatus shall be deemed sufficient, so far as buoyancy is concerned, for a number of persons, to be ascertained by dividing the number of pounds of iron which it is capable of supporting in fresh water by 32. Such buoyant apparatus shall not be re

quired to be inflated before use, shall be of approved construction, and marked in such a way as to plainly indicate the number of persons for whom it is sufficient.

(9) LIFE-BELTS.-An approved life-belt shall mean a belt which does not require to be inflated before use, and which is capable at least of floating in the water for 24 hours with 15 lbs. of iron suspended from it. Life-belts are to be cut out 2 inches under the armpits and fitted so as to remain securely in their place when put on.

(10) LIFE-BUOYS.-An approved life-buoy shall mean either

(a) A life-buoy built of solid cork, capable of floating in the water for at least 24 hours with 32 lbs. of iron suspended from it; or

(b) A strong life-buoy of any other approved pattern and material, provided that it is capable of floating in the water for at least 24 hours with 32 lbs. of iron suspended from it, and provided also that it is not stuffed with rushes, cork shavings, or other shavings, or loose granulated cork, or other loose material, and does not require inflation before use.

All life-buoys shall be fitted with beckets securely seized, and not less than two of them shall be fitted with life-lines 15 fathoms in length.

(11) POSITION OF LIFE-BUOYS AND LIFE-BELTS. --All life-buoys and lifebelts shall be so placed as to be readily accessible to all persons on board, and so that their position may be known to those for whom they are intended. (12) WATER-TIght CompartmENTS.-When ships of any class are divided into efficient water-tight compartments to the satisfaction of the Board of Trade, they shall only be required to carry additional boats, rafts, and other life-saving appliances of one-half of the capacity required by these Rules.

REGULATIONS made by the BOARD OF TRADE under "THE MERCHAN
SHIPPING ACT, 1890" (53 Vict. c. 9).

REGULATIONS AS TO LOAD-LINE MARKS, CERTIFICATES, DRAUGHTS
OF WATER, AND FREEBOARD.

1. The Regulations made by the Board of Trade under the Merchant Shipping Act, 1890, dated the 23rd day of August, 1890, shall be and are hereby repealed, and in lieu thereof the following regulations shall have and take effect.

2. The lines to be used in order to indicate the maximum load-line under different circumstances and at different seasons shall be nine inches in length and one inch in thickness; and the maximum load-line shall be the upper edge of each of such lines.

3. The said lines shall be horizontal lines marked on both sides of the ship, extending from and at right angles to a vertical line marked 21 inches forward of the centre of the disc. The maximum load-line in fresh water shall be marked abaft such vertical line, and the maximum load-lines in salt water shall be marked forward of such vertical line, as shown in the following diagrams.