The Law of Nations: Or, Principles of the Law of Nature Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Soverigns, With Additional Notes and References

T. & J.W. Johnson, 1852 - 656페이지

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Or, Principles of the Law of Nature Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Soverigns, With Additional Notes and References Emer de Vattel, Edward Duncan Ingraham Joseph Chitty. Many years have elapsed since the original work ...

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Or, Principles of the Law of Nature Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Soverigns, With Additional Notes and References Emer de Vattel, Edward Duncan Ingraham Joseph Chitty. of the good , and repressing the wicked : and the ...

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... principles of the law of nature which I intend to apply to nations . But I have not always thought it necessary to trace them to their primary foundations for the purpose of demonstra- tion , but have sometimes contented myself with ...

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Or, Principles of the Law of Nature Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Soverigns, With Additional ... principle . 83 Connection of the domain of the nation with the sovereignty 84 Jurisdiction 85 Effects of the ...

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Or, Principles of the Law of Nature Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Soverigns, With Additional Notes and References Emer de Vattel, Edward Duncan Ingraham Joseph Chitty. Sect . 252 A subject cannot refuse to be a ...

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Right of refusing to submit to injustice	65

Decorum and moderation to be observed in the manifestoes 319	66

This right is a perfect one 161	67

General Principles of the Duties of a Nation towards herself	68

A nation ought to act agreeably to her nature 4	69

Right of all nations against one that openly despises justice ib CHAP VI	70

The sovereign is bound to avenge the wrongs of the state and to pro	71

he is bound to procure plenty 33	72

or allow him the domain and reserve to herself the use of them ib 240 Taxes 111	239

It produces the right of resistance ib 51 and that of obtaining reparation 155	240

The nation may reserve to herself the right of imposing them	241

Sovereign possessing that power	242

Stipulation of a penalty against the infractor	243

Duties of the prince with respect to taxes 112	244

Dominion over public property 113	246

Alienation of the property of a corporation	247

to take care that there be a sufficient number of workmen	73

to prevent the emigration of those that are useful	74

Neutral things found with an enemy	75

Emissaries who entice them away 34	76

Things due to the enemy by a third party	77

CHAP IV	78

He is solely established for the safety and advantage of society 13	80

Cultivation of the soil a natural obligation	81

Sect Page 85 Alliances made with a nation actually engaged in war 325	86

His duty with respect to the preservation and perfection of the nation ib 43 His rights in that respect ib 44 He ought to know the nation 15	88

It never takes place in an unjust war	89

Ministers 23	90

and in a treaty of a guaranty	91

Whether elective kings be real sovereigns 24	92

The order of succession ought commonly to be observed 26	94

How the foreign minister is to behave 472	95

The enemys associates 328	96

Indivisibility of sovereignties ib 66 Who are to decide disputes respecting the succession to a sovereignty ib 67 The right of succession not to depend...	97

Every true sovereignty is unalienable 31	98

Another case ib 99 How a defensive alliance associates with the enemy	99

CHAP VI	100

Sect Page 211 What is our country	101

Citizens and natives ib 213 Inhabitants	102

Public granaries 36	104

CHAP VIII	105

Utility of domestic trade ib 85 Utility of foreign trade ib 86 Obligation to cultivate domestic trade ib 87 Obligation to carry on foreign trade 38	106

right of purchasing ib 89 Right of selling ib 90 Prohibition of foreign merchandises 39	107

Their rights in that respect 46	109

Sect Page 252 Preservation and repairs of common possessions	115

CHAP XI	119

A nation is bound to labour after her own happiness 47	120

Arts and sciences ib 114 Freedom of philosophical discussion 49	121

Love of virtue and abhorrence of vice to be excited 51	124

CHAP XII	127

It ought to be attended with knowledge ib 127 Religion internal and external 56	128

rights and duties of the nation	129

What is included in the grant of passage	130

when there is as yet no established religion 57	131

Sect Page 133 Securities may be required 184	134

Residence in the country	135

General principle of the rights against an enemy in a just	136

How we are to act towards foreigners who desire a perpetual residence 185	137

A right granted as a favour 186	139

Definition of usucaption and prescription 187	141

Reprisals	142

Sect	143

Sect Page 24 Right of trading belonging to nations	144

Each nation is sole judge of the propriety of commerce on her own part ib 26 Necessity of commercial treaties	145

General rule concerning those treaties ib 28 Duty of nations in making such treaties ib 29 Perpetual or temporary treaties or treaties revocable at pleas...	146

A nation may restrict her commerce in favour of another nation ib 33 A nation may appropriate to herself a particular branch of trade	147

More difficult between nations to found them on a presumptive desertion	148

Riches	149

Their equality ib 37 Precedency ib 38 The form of government is foreign to this question	150

Treaties and established customs are to be observed in that respect ib 41 Name and honours given by the nation to her conductor	151

Whether a sovereign may assume what title and honours he pleases	152

Right of other nations in that respect ib 44 Their duty ib 45 How titles and honours may be secured	153

We must conform to general custom ib 47 Mutual respect due by sovereigns to each other ib 48 How a sovereign ought to maintain his dignity	154

171	155

Whether a state under protection may make treaties 193	156

Validity of treaties 194	158

Duty of nations in that respect	159

Nullity of treaties which are pernicious to the state	160

Functions and duties of the prince in that respect	161

He must not suffer his subjects to offend other nations or their citizens	162

The acts of individuals not imputable to the nation ib 74 unless she approve or ratify them ib 75 Conduct to be pursued by the offended party ib 76 ...	163

If he refuses justice he becomes a party in the fault and offence ib 78 Another case in which the nation is guilty of the crimes of the citizens	164

The violation of a treaty is an act of injustice 196	165

Waste and destruction	166

How treaties may be concluded with several nations with the same view 197	167

distribution of employments and rewards	168

General division of treatiesthose that relate to things already due by the law of nature	169

General idea of the conduct a state ought to observe towards foreigners	171

equal treaties	172

Internal police	174

Sect Page 173 Obligation to preserve equality in treaties 199	175

An alliance with diminution of sovereignty may annul preceding	176

Public revenues and taxes	183

Example of the Swiss	189

Duty and right of the sovereign in that respect ib 254 Private property ib 255 The sovereign may subject it to regulations of police ib 256 Inheritance...	192

CHAP XXI	193

Sect Page 193 War a mode of acquisition 384	194

Right of the citizens when the nation submits to a foreign power	195

Rules of the voluntary law of nations 385	196

Acquisition of immovables or conquest 386	199

Difference between the present case and those in the preceding chapter 96	201

treaties	202

We ought as much as possible to avoid making unequal alliances	203

How inequality of treaties and alliances may be conformable to the law of nature	204

Inequality imposed by way of punishment	205

Other kinds of which we have spoken elsewhere ib 183 Personal and real treaties ib 184 Naming the contracting parties in the treaty does not render i...	206

How a nation acquires the property of a desert country	207

The obligations and rights resulting from a real treaty pass to the successors	208

Treaties accomplished once for all and perfected ib 193 Treaties already accomplished on the one part	209

BOOK II	210

The personal alliance expires if one of the parties ceases to reign	211

Treaties in their own nature personal ib 196 Alliance concluded for the defence of the king and royal family ib 197 Obligation of a real alliance whe...	212

Whether that right extends to their property alienated by the enemy 395	213

Naturalization	214

Citizens children born in a foreign country	215

Children born at sea	216

Children born in the armies of the state or in the house of its minister at a foreign court 103	217

Settlement	218

Vagrants	219

Whether a person may quit his country	220

He who violates his treaties violates the law of nations	221

How a person may absent himself for a time 105	222

Cases in which a citizen has a right to quit his country	223

Subjects cannot commit hostilities without the sovereigns order 399	224

Emigrants 106	225

This abuse authorized by princes	226

If the sovereign infringes their right he injures them 107	227

Exile and banishment	228

It cannot give force to a treaty that is invalid	229

Duty of nations towards them ib 230 Nature of that right	230

Precaution to be taken in wording treaties	231

A nation cannot punish them for faults committed out of her territories 109	233

Faith tacitly pledged	234

What the Romans called res communes 109	235

Two modes of acquiring public property 110	237

The nation may grant him the use and property of her common pos posal	238

CHAP VII	248

General effects of the domain 164	249

A consequence of that principle ib 83 Connection of the domain of the nation with the sovereignty ib 84 Jurisdiction 166	251

Rank of the hostages	253

They ought not to make their escape	254

Whether a hostage who dies is to be replaced	256

Effects of the Jurisdiction in foreign countries ib 86 Desert and uncultivated places 167	257

The nation may alienate her public property 116	258

The violation of the treaty is an injury done to the hostages	259

Duties of the prince 117	260

The nation may give him a right to do it	261

Rules on that subject with respect to treaties between nation and nation	262

Necessity of establishing rules of interpretation 244	263

Alienation of a part of the state 118	264

Third general maximneither of the contracting parties has a right to interpret the treaty according to his own fancy	265

Their duties	266

114	267

Fifth general maximthe interpretation ought to be made according to certain rules 246	268

Whether alluvion produces any change in the right to a river	269

The faith of treaties imposes an obligation to follow those rules 247	270

Consequence of a river changing its bed 122	271

or generally prejudicial to the rights of others	272

Rules relative to interfering rights	273

Quibbles on words 249	274

Lakes 123	275

Interpretation of technical terms	276

Land formed on the banks of a lake 125	277

Jurisdiction over lakes and rivers ib CHAP XXIII	278

Equivocal expressions	279

The sea and its use 125	280

Nobody has a right to appropriate to himself the use of the open sea	281

We ought to reject every interpretation which leads to an absurdity	282

A nation attempting to exclude another does her an injury 126	283

She may acquire an exclusive right by treaties	284

Interpretation founded on the connection of the discourse	285

but not by prescription and long use 127	286

The sea near the coasts may become property	287

Sect Page 10 Whether there be any exemptions from carrying arms	294

Soldiers pay and quarters	296

Hospitals for invalids ib 13 Mercenary soldiers	297

Rule to be observed in their enlistment	298

Enlisting in foreign countries ib 16 Obligation of soldiers	299

Military laws ib 18 Military discipline ib 19 Subordinate powers in war ib 20 How their promises bind the sovereign	300

In what cases their promises bind only themselves ib 22 Their assumption of an authority which they do not possess ib 23 How they bind their inferi...	301

Justificatory reasons and motives for making war ib 26 What is in general a just cause of war	302

Treaties relative to war 323 2222222	306

CHAP XIII	309

CHAP XIV	314

How nations may abandon their rights and just complaints	325

CHAP XVI	332

It gives the guarantee no right to interfere unasked in the execution of a treaty 236	342

but not in favour of foreigners	348

Faith to be sacred between enemies	371

CHAP XVIII	375

amicable accommodation 276	377

Compromise ib 328 Mediation ib 329 Arbitration 277	378

BOOK III	391

What war is unjust ib 28 The object of war ib 29 Both justificatory reasons and proper motives requisite in undertaking a war 303	405

Proper motivesvicious motives ib 31 War undertaken upon just grounds but from vicious motives ib 32 Pretexts 304	406

Foundation of the sovereigns rights against the rebels	421

Who are rebels	422

Popular commotion insurrection sedition ib 290 How the sovereign is to suppress them ib 291 He is bound to perform the promises he has made to t...	423

Defensive and offensive alliances	428

Difference between warlike alliances and defensive treaties 324	429

How the sovereign may in a treaty dispose of what concerns individuals	435

Subsidies	436

How levies may be allowed money lent and every kind of things sold without a breach of neutrality	440

Trade of neutral nations with those which are at war 335	441

Contraband goods 336	443

Whether such goods may be confiscated 337	445

Fugitives and deserters	459

Exchange and ransom of prisoners	465

Tenderness for the person of a king who is in arms against	471

What may be done to him according to the exigency of the case	478

Ambassador attempting against the sovereigns life	479

Two remarkable instances respecting the immunities of public ministers	480

Whether reprisals may be made on an ambassador	481

Agreement of nations concerning the privileges of ambassadors	482

Spies 375	486

Nations not rigidly to enforce the law of nature against each other 381	494

The state has no right over the person of a foreigner	538

Civil war 424	542

BOOK IV	546

Obligation of cultivating it 430	547

The sovereigns obligation in that respect ib 4 Extent of that duty ib 5 Disturbers of the public peace 431	548

Allies included in the treaty of peace	554

Amnesty	560

Of the several Orders of Public Ministersof the Representative Character	577

faction	584

Ministers	585

Free exercise of religion 483	604

109	608

CHAP VIII	610

minister may carry on 492	614

The exemption cannot extend to effects belonging to any trade the 115 nor to immovable property which he possesses in the country 493	616

Right of asylum 495	618

Exemption of an ambassadors carriages 496	620

Conferences and congresses 278	626

Nature of the right of purchasing ib 92 Each nation to determine for herself how she will carry on commerce ib 93 How a nation acquires a perfect ri...	627

Monopolies and trading companies with exclusive privileges 42	628

Colonies	629

When a nation is authorized to assist another 84 and to make alliances for	631

Who are the heirs of a foreigner	632

and to preserve her members ib 18 A nation has a right to every thing necessary for her preservation 6	633

It is immutable ib 9 Nations can make no change in it nor dispense with the obligations arising from it ib 10 Society established by nature between all...	635

Consuls agents deputies commissioners	636

A nation ought to know herself 8	637

Duty of a prince who is empowered to nominate his successor 32	638

Enemys property on board a neutral ship ib 116 Neutral property on board an enemys ship ib 117 Trade with a besieged town ib 118 Impartial offic...	640

What are the rights of which men cannot be deprived

Things not mentioned in the treaty

Utility of highways canals c 43

Duties and rights of the sovereign with respect to religion 58

Of the public authority 8

Expiration of alliances made for a limited time 213

themselves 255

Second rulenot to take advantage of the truce in doing what hos

Obligation of the citizens or subjects

Alone and of itself it cannot give a right to attack him 308

sovereigns will ib 229 Privateers ib 230 Volunteers 401

기타 출판본 - 모두 보기

The Law of Nations: Or, Principles of the Law of Nature Applied to the ...
Emer de Vattel
전체보기 - 1867

The Law of Nations: Or, Principles of the Law of Nature, Applied to the ...
Emer de Vattel
전체보기 - 1835

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도서 문헌정보

제목	The Law of Nations: Or, Principles of the Law of Nature Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Soverigns, With Additional Notes and References
저자	Emer de Vattel, Edward Duncan Ingraham
편집자	Joseph Chitty, Edward Duncan Ingraham
에디션	재판
발행인	T. & J.W. Johnson, 1852
길이	656페이지

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