On the Origin of Species, Or, The Causes of the Phenomena of Organic Nature: A Course of Six Lectures to Working MenD. Appleton, 1863 - 150페이지 |
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animalcules animals asexual Atavism beak birds body bones called carbonic acid causes character common conclusion condition of organic conditions of existence constantly course crustacean Darwin's hypothesis deposited developed diagram domesticated pigeons earth endeavour enormous evidence experiments extinct fact field mice fingers and five forms gun-cotton hard and green Hinny Horse infusion inorganic world kind Lake of Killarney larvæ layer lecture legs living male means modification muscles natural selection naturalists notice offspring organic matter organic nature Origin of Species particles peculiarities perfectly perhaps perpetuation phenomena of organic physiological pigeons plant Porpoise Pouter present primitive stock primitive type produce question races record reproduce result Rock Pigeon rocks seeds selective breeding sheep skeleton sort spontaneous structure substance suppose surface tendency tion toes variation varieties vary vegetable whole wild WORTHEN
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59 페이지 - That train of reasoning is what logicians call a syllogism and has all its various parts and terms — its major premise, its minor premise, and its conclusion. And by the help of further reasoning, which if drawn out would have to be exhibited in two or three other syllogisms, you arrive at your final determination, "I will not have that apple.
59 페이지 - ... same thing. It is also found to be the case in Normandy, and in North America. In short, I find it to be the universal experience of mankind wherever attention has been directed to the subject." Whereupon your friend, unless he is a very unreasonable man, agrees with you and is convinced that you are quite right in the conclusion you have drawn. He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believes it, that the more extensive verifications...
61 페이지 - ... and perhaps, in addition to that, you notice the impress of a hobnailed shoe on the gravel outside. All these phenomena have struck your attention instantly, and before two seconds have passed you say, "Oh, somebody has broken open the window, entered the room, and run off with the spoons and the teapot!
57 페이지 - And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be, by no means, compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special apprenticeship to the craft. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his...
64 페이지 - Well, we will suppose that your journey is successful, and that by good luck you meet with a policeman ; that eventually the burglar is found with your property on his person, and the marks correspond to his hand and to his boots. Probably any jury would consider those facts a very good experimental verification of your hypothesis, touching the cause of the abnormal phenomena observed in your parlor, and would act accordingly.
56 페이지 - The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind.
65 페이지 - J mode of reasoning was employed by Newton and Laplace in their endeavours to discover and define the causes of the movements of the heavenly bodies, as you, •with your own common sense, would employ to detect a burglar. The only difference is, that the nature of the inquiry being more abstruse, every step has to be most carefully watched, so that there may not be a single crack or flaw in your hypothesis. A flaw or crack in many of the hypotheses of daily life may...
65 페이지 - It is often urged, in respect to some scientific conclusion, that, after all, it is only an hypothesis. But what more have we to guide us in nine-tenths of the most important affairs of daily life than hypotheses, and often very ill-based ones? So that in science, where the evidence of an hypothesis is subjected to the most rigid examination, we may rightly pursue the same course.
65 페이지 - So that in science, where the evidence of an hypothesis is subjected to the most rigid examination, we may rightly pursue the same course. You may have hypotheses and hypotheses. A man may say, if he likes, that the moon is made of green cheese; that is an hypothesis.
58 페이지 - ... a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing of course in degree, as that which a scientific 'man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.