Red Deer: Behavior and Ecology of Two SexesUniversity of Chicago Press, 1982. 11. 15. - 378ÆäÀÌÁö Red Deer: Behavior and Ecology of Two Sexes is the most extensive study yet available of reproduction in wild vertebrate. The authors synthesize data collected over ten years on a population of individually recognizable red deer, usually regarded as conspecific with the American elk. Their results reveal the extent of sex differences in behavior, reproduction, and ecology and make a substantial contribution to our understanding of sexual selection. |
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RED DEER AND THEIR HABITAT | 9 |
METHODS Samples aND DEFINITIONS | 33 |
Reproduction in Stags | 46 |
Early Care | 64 |
Suckling Frequency | 70 |
THE RUTTING Behavior of Stags | 104 |
REPRODUctive Success IN STAGS | 143 |
PARENTAL INVESTMENT IN MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING | 161 |
POPULATION DYNAMICS | 258 |
Adult Sex Ratio | 272 |
THE EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF MALES AND FEMALES | 286 |
Taxonomy of Contemporary Cervidae | 307 |
Number of Hinds and Stags One Year Old or Older | 313 |
Definition of Party Size | 319 |
Milk Composition | 326 |
363 | |
THE STRucture of SoCIAL GROUPS IN HINDS | 176 |
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AMONG HINDS AND STAGS | 201 |
FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND HABITAT USE | 219 |
369 | |
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Agrostis/Festuca animals antlers association behavior birth weight body condition breeding calf mortality Calluna calves cervids chap Clutton-Brock Comparison core areas decline deer Cervus elaphus deer populations ecology effects estrus fecundity feeding female calves fighting success frequency G test Glen growth Guinness harem harem-holding hinds and stags home range increased individuals Juncus Juncus marsh Kilmory lifetime reproductive success male calves mammals Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney U test matrilineal matrilineal groups mature stags median milk hinds Mitchell Molinia grassland moorland mothers n©û n©ü number of hinds offspring parental investment parties Pearson product-moment correlation percentage polygynous population density product-moment correlation coefficient proportion rank correlation coefficient reindeer reproductive success Rhum Samhnan Insir sample season selection sex differences sex ratio sexual dimorphism short greens Spearman rank correlation species stags and hinds study area suckling bouts summer survival tion total number ungulates variation versus white-tailed deer winter yearlings yeld hinds