Maryland: Mrs. William R. Hinshaw, 140 Kline Boulevard, Frederick Missouri: Mrs. Otto C. Seymour, 520 North Byers Avenue, Joplin Nebraska: Dr. Leona M. Failor, 608 West 26th Street, Kearney New Hampshire: Mrs. G. R. Johnson, Durham Point Road, Durham New Jersey: Mrs. Everett Preston, 937 Bellevue Avenue, Trenton New Mexico: Mrs. Robert J. Green, 3024 Mackland Avenue NE., Albuquerque New York: Mrs. George W. McLellan, 65 East Fourth Street, Corning North Carolina: Dr. Leslie W. Syron, Meredith College, Raleigh North Dakota: Dr. Adeline Olson, State Teachers College, Mayville Oklahoma: Miss Ruth Arnold, 902 Wilson, Norman Oregon: Miss Maurine Laber, 3716 Southwest Mount Adams Drive, Portland Pennsylvania: Mrs. Alfred W. Crozier, 6837 Juniata Place, Pittsburgh Rhode Island: Miss Evelyn Morris, Little Rest Road, Kingston South Carolina: Mrs. John T. Bregger, 318 College Avenue, Clemson South Dakota: Mrs. William Lamont, Meadowlark Farm, Route 1, Aberdeen Tennessee: Miss Marie White, 1218 Byrne Avenue, Cookeville Texas: Dr. Gladys Hicks, Baylor University, Waco Utah: Mrs. Gladys Harrison, 895 East Ninth North, Logan Vermont: Miss Genieve Lamson, 6 Prospect Avenue, Randolph Virginia: Mrs. J. S. G. Carson, Curator's Cottage, Quinlan Street, Lynchburg West Virginia: Miss Edith Castleberry, 1242% Ninth Avenue, Huntington Wyoming: Mrs. Wilson J. Walthall, Jr., 1314 Steele Street, Laramie LIST OF MEMBERS ATTENDING 1958 STATE PRESIDENTS CONFERENCE BOARD OF DIRECTORS President: Dr. Anna L. Rose Hawkes, 1634 I Street NW., Washington, D. C. First vice president: Dr. Hallie Farmer, Anderson, Ind. Second vice president: Mrs. Frederic Gilstrap, 1800 Rio Grande Boulevard, Albuquerque, N. Mex. Recording secretary: Dr. Minnie M. Miller, Kansas State Teachers College, Emporia, Kans. Treasurer: Mrs. Charles Concordia, 1704 Lexington Parkway, Schenectady, N. Y. VICE PRESIDENTS FROM THE REGIONS North Atlantic: Mrs. Herbert W. Anderson, Prospectville, Pa. South Atlantic: Dr. Rosamonde Ramsay Boyd, Converse College, Spartanburg, S. C. Northeast Central: Miss Alice L. Beeman, 1100 Hill Street, Ann Arbor, Mich. Southeast Central: Miss Henrietta M. Thompson, University of Alabama, Box 1983, University, Ala. Northwest Central: Mrs. Lawrence E. Schneider, 5700 London Road, Duluth, Minn. Southwest Central: Mrs. Erwin C. Ochsner, 81 Avondale, Amarillo, Tex. Rocky Mountain: Dr. Lillian G. Portenier, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyo. North Pacific: Dr. Marion Fish Cox, 4510 54th Avenue NE., Seattle, Wash. South Pacific: Mrs. Ray W. Townsend, 4520 Pepperwood Avenue, Long Beach, Calif. COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Education: Dr. Kate Hevner Mueller, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. International relations: Dr. Meribeth E. Cameron, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass. Social and economic issues: Dr. Janet L. MacDonald, Hollins College, Hollins College, Va. Standards and recognition: Dean Eunice C. Roberts, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. Fellowship program: Dean Elizabeth S. May, Wheaton College, Norton, Mass. Bylaws: Mrs. Arne Fisher, 34 Elm Court, South Orange, N. J. EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS General director: Dr. Helen D. Bragdon Controller: Miss Eleanor J. Sieg, 1634 I Street, Washington, D. C. Fellowship awards: Dr. Mary F. Keeler, dean, Hood College, Frederick, Md. Fellowship funds: Dr. Ethel M. Barber, 2636 Walnut Avenue, Evanston, Ill. International grants: Dr. Janet Clark, 708 Cedar Croft Road, Baltimore, Md. Building fund raising: Miss Flora Rawls, Memphis State University, Memphis, Tenn. HEADQUARTERS STAFF General director: Dr. Helen D. Bragdon Controller: Miss Eleanor J. Sieg Journal editor; publications and public relations: Miss Elizabeth Phinney Higher education: Dr. Eleanor F. Dolan International relations: Miss Dorothy B. Robins, American Association of University Women, 1634 I Street, Washington, D. C. Social and economic issues: Mrs. Edith H. Sherrard Legislative program: Mrs. Alison G. Bell Status of women: Mrs. Ruth S. Brumbaugh Fellowships; membership organization: Miss Mary Haley Smith Special assistant for fellowship funds: Mrs. Blanche E. Espy Coordinator, arts resource center: Miss Mary-Averett Seelye Special assistant in publicity and publications: Mrs. Mary B. Boyette Senator MALONE. Thank you Mr. Chairman, and if I may sum up the testimony and not take the time of the committee, that is all, I appreciate the fact that you and Mrs. Laves and others of your caliber and the organizations you represent are coming here and giving us an opportunity to question you, and I assure you that you have your full right to your opinion. You may be right or may be wrong and I may be right or wrong, but as long as we can keep it on that basis, and every taxpayer and everybody in the United States has a right to say what they care to say, I think we are getting along pretty good. Miss MEIKLE. Thank you. Senator LONG. Senator Carlson, you are next in the order of seniority in the committee, even though there is a Democrat between you and Senator Douglas that I could call on. Senator CARLSON. I would be glad to yield. However, I have just 1 or 2 questions. I believe Miss Meilke, you had your national meeting or national convention here last week in Washington. Miss MEIKLE. There was a State presidents meeting here in Washington. Senator CARLSON. Did you take any action in regard to extension of reciprocal trade agreements at that time? Miss MEIKLE. I was not here. Dorothy Robins. Miss ROBINS. There was no specific action taken on reciprocal trade at this past meeting, the official action was taken at the June biennial convention a year ago in Boston. However, the State presidents who know about the intensive educational campaign which has been carried on among the membership, actually since reciprocal trade idea was first put forth, knew about the fact of the testimony today and lent their good wishes and congratulations to this action." Senator MALONE. All of this testimony would be available to the State presidents, and they were supposed to go out and sell this program regardless of what they think about it, are they? Miss MEIKLE. No, sir. Senator MALONE. They are not? Miss MEIKLE. I beg your pardon. Senator MALONE. They are supposed to go out and sell this program to their States, regardless of what they personally think about it? Senator LONG. I believe we had better let Senator Carlson have his turn as he has only asked a few questions this morning. Senator MALONE. That is right. I think I ought to have an answer. Miss MEIKLE. Shall I answer the question? Senator LONG. Answer the question and then we will turn the floor over to Senator Carlson. Miss MEIKLE. Of course, it is an AAUW sponsored program in that we advocate all of our branches, study and take action on this particular item. However, we do not expect any person who is personally opposed, to advocate something that she is personally opposed to. I think that would be very difficult for anyone to do. Senator LONG. Senator Carlson. Senator CARLSON. In view of the questions just asked by the Senator from Nevada, I would say, knowing the heads and many members. of the university women, I don't think anyone could convince them they should go out and advocate anything against their ideas. Miss MEIKLE. I think so. Senator CARLSON. They are a splendid group of outstanding women and in many of our State schools and doing a splendid job and you have been a very able representative here this morning and I shall report your work. Miss MEIKLE. Thank you. Senator LONG. Senator Douglas. Senator DOUGLAS. I have no questions except to say I want to thank the witness and those who are also going to testify today for coming here, they have nothing to gain individually by their testimony, and they represent a group which normally is not heard before committees, namely consumers and citizens who are simply generally interested as distinguished with specific interest and I want to express my appreciation for the trouble they have taken in preparing their statement, Mr. Chairman. Senator LONG. I would like to ask one question relating to an assertion I have heard about your organization and about the League of Women Voters. To what extent is the opposing point of view debated in your meetings? On the Senate Finance Committee there are some members who are in favor of expanded foreign trade, like Senator Douglas, and Senator Gore, we have some who, like Senator Malone, feel the present program is injuring a number of American industries. I do not think that Senator Malone's vigor is exceeded by any Member of the Senate in opposing the way the program is being administered at the present time. I would appreciate your answering this question. To what extent do you have vigorous dissenters to the present trade program within your own organization? Do you have some who have studied the matter thoroughly and debate vigorously against the prevailing view of your organization of the Association of University Women? Miss MEIKLE. I think we undoubtedly have some persons and I think I can speak from my experience in Pennsylvania primarily not from any other State. We had a number of branches in Pennsylvania where I know the international relations study group did study the matter of reciprocal trade and mutual security very thoroughly and I would assume certainly there were persons who dissented because there are naturally persons who have individual interests who are going to be opposed to this program and those points of view were expressed. Nevertheless, many of our study groups take action in recommending to their members that they support the extension of the reciprocal trade agreements. Senator LONG. May I suggest that, if any of your organizations are looking for information to buttress the case, they can get information from the office of Senator Malone. Senator MALONE. Just to keep the record straight, all of us are for expanding free trade. It is a question of whether you think of sacrificing an industry in the interest of foreign policy. The question is whether it is worth it to do that or just to have a principle laid down that the Tariff Commission, an agent of Congress, be so set up that they shall always have that flexible duty, impost or tariff, whatever you want to call it, to equal the difference between the wages and cost of doing business here and in the chief competing nation-and to lower that tariff as the living standards of that nation might increase. When their living standard increased to equal ours there would be automatic free trade. We are all for free trade. It is a matter of how we reach it. Miss MEIKLE. Of course, we said, as I said in the prepared statement, if industries are damaged by the trade program that Congress could provide other methods of taking care of it. Senator MALONE. That is what some of us are trying to do. What other method would you have for taking care of it? Miss MEIKLE. Well, I cannot speak authoritatively about the proposals, the trade-adjustment proposals. I think that such things would be better worked out by people much more familiar with those matters than we are. Senator MALONE. Yes. I thought maybe you had a reference to a bill that the State Department has generally supported over the years, to appropriate money so that when men are put out of work through cheap imports they would be trained for other work and transportation provided to take them to other areas, and also to compensation to a certain extent stockholders of industries that had been hurt. I thought maybe you had reference to that. Miss MEIKLE. Yes, sir; we have been familiar with those proposals. Senator MALONE. That is the way they do it in Russia, only they don't need a congressional act. That is all, Mr. Chairman. The CHAIRMAN. I place in the record at this point the statement of the General Federation of Women's Clubs, 1734 N Street NW., Washington, D. C., submitted by the president, Miss Chloe Gifford, in lieu of personal appearance. (The statement referred to follows:) STATEMENT ON RECIPROCAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRESENTED BY MISS CHLOE GIFFORD, PRESIDENT, GENERAL FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUBS, WASHINGTON, D. C. The General Federation of Women's Clubs is an international organization of 12 million members, including our associates. We have clubs in every State and in our Territories, and in 60 countries throughout the world. We were chartered by Congress in 1901. The principles of the reciprocal trade agreements, as passed by the Congress in 1934, were considered by our State conventions and endorsed by national convention in 1938. By resolution at national convention the General Federation has supported legislation which would extend the life of the agreements every time such legislation was necessary. At our last convention in Detroit, June 1958, GFWC delegates amended the resolution passed in 1948 in order to support the proposed extension for 5 years. The women of the General Federation take an intelligent approach to economic problems they are wives of prominent business and professional men of this country. Many are themselves engaged in the business, industrial, and professional fields. They study and think about what is good for the security and defenses of the United States. They believe the foreign policy of the United States, as expressed in the reciprocal trade agreements program, is wise and forward looking which would not only aid friendly nations but would be of great economic benefit to the United States. Our members believe in the free enterprise system. They do not wish to injure domestic enterprise-they have confidence in the ingenuity of the American people. They believe that in a rapidly changing world where distances have been so drastically reduced by transportation and communication we must extend our ideals of free enterprise. It would be short sighted to think we can sell free enterprise if the principle is to be confined to industry within our own borders. We feel certain that American industry will be challenged to develop new and better merchandise for Americans as well as for export in competition. We have confidence in American business and industry. Russia has challenged the free enterprise system-we do not want them to prove it cannot compete with foreign trade. We know the law will have certain safeguards, that whoever is President of the United States will use good judgment in using those safeguards, if and when it is necessary. It seems to the General Federation that a stronger sense of security for our Nation would evolve and a greater sense of confidence in the United States would develop among our foreign friends if we extended the Trade Agreements Act for 5 years at this time. It would surely show that the United States planned from strength. We do not dare, in these challenging times, to let it appear we are controlled by fear. As a strong, progressive nation let us courageously act in the way that will create confidence in the United States. We urge you and the full Senate to support the proposal for a 5-year extension of the reciprocal trade agreements. Senator LONG. Thank you very much. Our next witness is Mr. Blough representing the National Council of Churches. Mr. Blough, I have a copy of your statement here and I believe it is available to the other members of the committee. I have asked that it be distributed and inasmuch as we have a number of other witnesses we hope to hear today, rather than ask them to come back on into the night, I would hope that you could follow the Reorganization Act where we would print the statement and then proceed to examine the witness with regard to it. |