Population..

571, 744

0

Percent of total population..

14.2

0.0

636, 758
32.8

21, 326, 215

25.6

3,894, 563 51.5

(4)

2, 170, 000 100.0

1,595, 635
21.0

1 For the distribution of the population by sex and 5-year age groups, see tables XVI
and XVII.

2 Numbers are rounded to the nearest thousand without adjustment to group totals
which are independently rounded.

Estimated by the U. S. Bureau of the Census.

7 Localities having fixed boundaries and an administratively recognized "town" status
which is usually characterized by some form of local government, operating under a
charter or under terms of incorporation. Such localities have various designations.
Among the most frequent are: "cities," "towns," "boroughs," "urban districts," and
"municipalities." Sometimes they are districts which include a central agglomeration
and the surrounding territory that is administered from the central place; sometimes
they are separate cities with "city limits" which may fall inside the edges of the agglom-
eration.

Excludes territory ceded by Hungary in 1947.

Consists of mining, manufacturing, handicrafts, construction, transport, communica tions, and commerce.

10 Consists of public administration, liberal professions, domestic service, and activities. not adequately described.

11 Includes teacher training.

12 Consists of students in the Polytechnic Institutes.

13 Czech census and Slovak estimate for May 22, 1947.

14 Minor civil divisions which have fixed boundaries and which together comprise the entire area of the country.

10 This percentage distribution of the total population by "social status" are the only
data available from the Jan. 1, 1949 census that pertain to the economically active popula-
tion, Nonagriculture includes all wage and salary workers; "other" includes the unem-
ployed and the unknowns. ATRE TE DE 1812 (B01100 begie 991

17 The number of students included: engineering (13,825); political economy and com
merce (3,985); medicine (3,578); art, music,and drama (1,586); and law and political science
(1,545). These figures were obtained by applying percentages of students enrolled in
certain courses (Juhasz, Blueprint for a Red Generation, p. 55) to the total of 40,661.
18 Official estimate of the population on Jan. 1, 1939, within the 1949 territory.
19 As of Dec. 3, 1950. Estimated on the basis of the percent dependent on agriculture
in 1950 (Statistical News, v. XXIV, No. 2, February 1951) and the percentage of the
agricultural population which was economically active in 1931 (International Labour
Office, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1947-1948).

20 Estimated by the U. S. Bureau of the Census for July 1, 1949.
force in mining, manufacturing, construction, and transportation.
21 Estimated by the U. S. Bureau of the Census for July 1, 1949.
Armed Forces.

32 For 1950. Estimated by the US. Bureau of the Census.

33 Estimated from a reported vital index of 197.5 (Bol'shaya Entsiklopediya SSSR, U. S. S. R. vol. 1947).

34 Figures are intended to be only approximations of the number of persons in given sectors of the economy.

35 Estimate based on the size of the rural population in 1952 and assuming 50-55 percent participation in the labor force. Mid value given. Includes workers in Machine Tractor Stations and workers on State farms.

88 Estimate based on the reported number of workers and employees (41,700,000-see Vestnik Statistiki, No. 1, 1953, p. 15), with an allowance of 14 percent for workers in agri. culture, forestry, and fishing.

37 Estimate includes approximately 4.5 million in the Armed Forces, 2.0 million forced
laborers other than in the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors, and 1.0 million do.
mestic and other workers.

38 As of 1950. This estimate employs a reported participation rate for nonagriculture
(Kalendor Spravochnik, 1950, Gosplonizdat, Moscow, 1950) and assumes some increase
in the prewar participation rate of women in agriculture as given in: N. Voyennaya,
Ekonomika SSSR v Period Otechestvennoi Voiny (The Military Economy of the U. S.
S. R. during the Period of the Patriotic War), Gosizdat polit. Lit., Moscow, 1948, p. 113.
39 Includes grades 1 to 7. Includes an unknown number of preparatory pupils, espe-
cially minority group children, undergoing special language training. This figure was
obtained by adding such figures reported for Republics of the U.S.S.R. in scattered
newspapers and radio releases.

41 Includes correspondence students who may comprise as many as 40 to 50 percent of
all students.

42 Tekhnikum" enrollment. Includes correspondence courses. In addition, special-
ized training is available in schools not classified as tekhnikums. In recent years it is
estimated that the number of students receiving technical training in other special schools
is more than double the figure for tekhnikum enrollment.

43 Localities with urban status, based on both size and function.

44 For cities of less than 50,000 population. Calculated as the residual between the total
urban population and the population of cities of 50,000 or more.
45 Estimated on the basis of election statistics.

45 Consists of manufacturing, handicrafts, mining, construction, commerce, and trans-
portation.

47 Consists of government employees, housing and public works, professional and
personal services, and unknowns. Excludes the Armed Forces and the unemployed.
48 In 1948. It should be noted that over 95 percent of women 15 to 60 years old dependent
on agriculture were classed as economically active in 1948 as compared with 53 percent in
1931, indicating a real difference in the census definition of an economically active woman
in 1948.

49 Consists of students in the "8-year" school and the gymnasia.

10 Consists of students enrolled in the faculties of mathematics and natural science and
"technology," 1. e., engineering, architecture, transportation, etc.

51 Consists of 132,400 students in the lower vocational schools and 80,300 students in the
higher vocational schools.

50 Consists of hotels and personal services, public services and other services of genera interest, Armed Forces, unemployed, and activities not adequately described. $7 Insured unemployed.

58 Consists of students enrolled in the faculties of pure science and mathematics, and applied sciences, arts, and manufacturing.

59 Excluding the Faeroe Islands, the population of which was 32,000 in 1950.

60 Consists of manufacturing, mining and quarrying, construction, commerce, transport,
storage, and communications.

1 Consists of electricity, gas, water, and sanitary services, services, and activities not
adequately described.
62 Insured unionists.

63 Agglomerations or clusters of population without regard to official boundaries or
administrative functions.
64 Excludes the Saar.

65 The 1946 census figures exclude "Nationals of Allied Powers" in France or French
officials and Armed Forces stationed outside France at the time of the census.

66 Consists of mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, commerce, and transportation.

67 Consists of electricity, gas, and water, services and activities not adequately de-
68 Applicants for work.

89 Consists of students of the science faculty of the universities, and students of "grandes
écoles" and independent institutes.

70 Consists of industry, handicrafts, commerce, and transportation.
71 Consists of service industries and unknowns.

72 Consists of pupils in the "Volksschulen" and the general elementary school (All-
gemeine Volksschulen) in Bremen.

73 Consists of pupils in the "Mittelschulen" and the "Höhere Schulen."

74 Consists of students enrolled in the faculties of engineering, mathematics, chemistry,
physics, and other natural sciences.

75 Consists of 1,728,000 students in part-time vocational (Berufsschulen) and full-time
(Berufsfachschulen) schools and 104,500 students in the technical higher schools (Fach-
schulen).

76 Consists of electricity, gas, water, and sanitary services, services, and activities not
adequately described.
77 Includes kindergarten.

7 Estimates for the census date based on a labor force sample survey.

79 Consists of manufacturing, mining, transport, communications, and commerce.
80 Consists of services and people seeking work for the first time.

81 Consists of students in the Naval Institute and students of the faculties of engineering,
architecture, mathematics, physical and natural sciences, and industrial chemistry.
82 Consists of electricity, gas, water, and sanitary services, services, Armed Forces (other
than temporary), and activities not adequately described.

$5 Consists of students enrolled in the faculties of mathematics and physics, technology,
and the joint faculties of mathematics and physics and literature and philosophy.
4 Consists of industries relating to public service, services, and activities not ade-
quately described.

Consists of students enrolled in the faculties of science, engineering, and technology. 67 Excluding the suburbs of Lisbon and Porto.

Excluding Northern Ireland. All figures are estimates based on a 1 percent sample of the 1951 census.

89 Consists of students enrolled in the faculties of pure science and technology in universities in England, Wales, and Scotland and in science, applied science and technology, and civil engineering in higher schools in Northern Ireland.

so For England and Wales-places with fixed boundaries; for Northern Ireland and Scotland-urban places and villages not having legally defined boundaries.

merce, and transportation. 91 Consists of mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, electricity, com

described. 92 Consists of services, Armed Forces, unemployed, and activities not adequately

93 Consists of students enrolled in the faculty of science.

95 Consists of students enrolled in the faculty of technology.

Agglomerations or clusters of population without regard to official boundaries or
administrative functions. Agglomerations with more than 60 percent of the population
engaged in agriculture are not classified as localities.

97 Consists of hotels, public administration and liberal professions, domestic service,
institutions with resident staff, and activities not adequately described.

99 Consists of students enrolled in faculties of science, architecture, engineering, chem-
istry and pharmacy, and mathematics, physics, and natural science.

90 Excludes teacher training and agricultural courses.

100 Consists of mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electric, gas, water, and sanitary services, construction, commerce, transport, and communications.

101 Consists of services, and activities not adequately described.

and architecture, and engineering-chemistry.
102 Consists of students enrolled in the faculties of physics-mathematics, engineering

10 Consists of manufacturing and handicrafts, commerce, transport, and hotels.
quately defined.
104 Consists of public and personal services, domestic service, and activities not ade-

munications, and commerce and finance.
107 Consists of mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, transport and com-

108 Consists of public administration and liberal professions, domestic and personal
services, industry not specified, and Armed Forces.

at 1 million in 1940.
109 For the 1938 territory. Excludes Armed Forces outside the country, estimated

111 Consists of mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, commerce, commu-
nications, and electric, gas, water, and sanitary service, transport, and storage.
112 Consists of services not adequately described and unemployed.

113 Includes vocational schools and part-time secondary schools. There were 412,348
students in these part-time schools in 1950.

114 Consists of students enrolled in "technical schools."

115 Included in the secondary school figure.

116 Includes 20,000 to 50,000 only.

117 Excludes full-blooded aborigines, estimated at 47,000 in 1944.

118 Figures adjusted to include part-time women workers who were not recorded as economically active in the 1947 census.

119 Consists of students enrolled in the faculties of science, engineering, and architecture. port, storage, and communications. 120 Consists of mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, commerce, trans

121 Consists of electricity, gas, water, and sanitary services, and services.

123 Consists of electricity, gas, water, and sanitary services, and activities not adequately

124 Consists of pupils in the "Grundschulen."

125 Consists of pupils in the "Oberschulen Praktischen," "Oberschulen Technischen,"
and the "Oberschulen Wissenschaftlichen."

126 Consists of students in the Technische Universität and enrolled in the faculty of
mathematics and natural science at the Freie Universität.

"Berufsschulen.'
127 Consists of pupils enrolled in the "Fachschulen," "Berufsfachschulen," and the

128 Estimates based on a labor force sample survey conducted by the Allied Mission in
connection with the 1946 election.

and business.
129 Consists of mining and salt mining, manufacturing, construction, transportation,
13 Consists of the industrial group "all other" (i. e., all but agriculture and those men.
tioned in footnote 129), and unemployed.

132 Based on the following assumptions: age distribution for males was the same as for
Macedonia in 1948; the sex ratio for each age group was the same as that shown in the life
tables computed for Rumania for the period 1945-49; fertility rates would be 15 percent
lower than the level of Macedonia in 1948-49; the same mortality as that projected for
Rumania for the same period; and no migration.

133 Based on the following assumptions: fertility would increase by 1950 to the 1934-35
level and then remain constant; infant mortality would decline by 4 points a year; mor-
tality above infancy would fall every 5 years after 1950 at a rate of decline based on the
mortality experience of several European countries between the 1870's and the 1930's and
on that of the United States between 1900 and 1930; and no migration after 1951.
134 Based on the following assumptions: fertility would decrease between 1950 and 1960
at the average annual rate of decline between 1920 and 1950 and remain constant
thereafter; continuation of prevailing mortality; and no migration.

135 Based on the assumptions of fertility at the 1952 level, decreasing mortality from the
1948-49 level, and no migration.

136 Based on the following assumptions: fertility would decrease from 1951 to 1960 (when
it would reach the average level of 1949-51) and remain constant thereafter; death rates
would decline at the same rate as in the period 1931-32 to 1948; and no migration.

137 Based on the following assumptions: age-specific fertility rates for males would
remain at the 1950 level; mortality rates between 1950 and 1955 would be the same as
those in the 1932-34 life table for Germany and decline thereafter; emigration of 850,000
between 1950 and 1954 and 100,000 each year thereafter.

138 Based on the following assumptions: fertility would rise to the 1938-39 level by 1950
and would remain constant thereafter; infant deaths would fall 4 points per year; mortal-
ity above infancy would decline at the same rate as in several European countries between
the 1870's and the 1930's and in the United States between 1900 and 1930; and no migra-
tion.

139 Based on the following assumptions: fertility would be at a level implied by a crude
birth rate of 28 for 1950; mortality would decline at a decreasing rate from the level implied
by a crude death rate of 10 in 1950.

140 Based on the following assumptions: fertility would remain constant at the 1953
level; infant mortality would decline by 3.3 percent per year; mortality above infancy
would decline after 1955 at the same rate as in several European countries between the
1870's and the 1930's and in the United States between 1900 and 1930; and no migration.
141 Based on the assumptions of fertility remaining at the 1951 level, mortality remaining
at the 1945-51 level; and no migration.