repeated by the answering vessel: this will serve to denote the bearings of each to the other, and at the same time express the desire to exchange Signals. The plate annexed gives a representation of a signal lamp designed by Mr. Richardson to facilitate the use of the night signals. The lamp travels up and down in a frame of strong iron wire, being raised and lowered by a line passing through small iron sheaves and reaching to the deck. The lower part of the frame being covered with a piece of sailcloth or any opaque article, the lamp when at rest will be eclipsed; the upper part being surrounded with red bunting, the middle lamp when raised to the top of the frame will emit a red light; the middle of the frame being uncovered, the lamp when half raised will emit a white light. By the use of four of these lamps suspended each from the other and their several lines reaching to the deck, the night signals may be used with the same facility as a semaphore. FOG SIGNALS. The Fog Signals are founded on the system employed for the Night Signals, viz., Roman Numerals, and are equally simple and effective. The report of a single gun or musket, the blast of a steam whistle, or any other sound capable of being distinctly heard at the distance intended to be reached, represents the Roman Numeral I. The report of two guns, muskets, &c., at short intervals, represents the Roman Numeral V. Three reports, at short intervals, denote Part V, or Sentences, the part of the Code of most use under the circumstances in which Fog Signals would be required; but the system can easily be adapted to the whole Code as follows: Part VI, the Vocabulary, to be denoted by four reports, at short intervals. The First Pendant to be denoted by five reports, at short intervals. The signal of two guns, muskets, &c., fired at short intervals, should be first given, and be occasionally repeated until it is answered by the same signal, and it must clearly be understood that no signal has any other meaning attached to it until the answering signal has been made. An interval of as short a time as possible to ensure distinctness should elapse between the two reports representing the numeral V. An interval of thirty seconds should elapse between the signals representing each digit. It is, however, possible that longer intervals than those named might be necessary, or again with small arms less intervals would suffice; it will, in either case, be only necessary to adhere to the relative proportions the different intervals bear to each other. In using the Fog Signals it will be even more desirable than with the Night Signals to repeat the signals made; but should this not be practicable, the signal of two reports, at close intervals, will be necessary as an answering signal. Two reports, and one report from the answering vessel, should denote that the signal was not understood. Two reports, two reports and one report, forming No. XI, should be the cancelling signal, to be used when it is desired to cancel the previous signal made. GENERAL CONTENTS. Plate of the Flags and Pendants, Telegraphic communication, &c. Plate of the Geometrical Signals. Plate of the Substitutes or Numeral Repeaters. Plate of the Night Signals. Plate of the Maritime Merchant Flags of all Nations. Preface. Explanation of the use of the Code, the Geometrical Signals, the Substitutes or Numeral Repeaters, the Night Signals, and the Fog Signals. British Merchant Vessels, with the Official Numbers, &c. Part IV.-Light Houses, with their latitude and longitude and character of Part VI.-The Vocabulary. The Directions of H. B. Majesty's Government for the use of Lights by Sea-going PART I. ENGLISH MEN OF WAR. The Names in the Addenda, which have been added since the first formation of the Code, are incorporated alphabetically with their Numbers inserted after the Names. The figures within the parentheses () denote the Number of Guns at which the Vessels are rated, and the abbreviations, sc. st., screw steamer; rev. ves., revenue vessel; sur. ten., surveying tender; fl. bat., floating battery. Black Prince, (41, |