Ford, 1,914-8,082; Litchfield, The gross revenue at New-York is understood to 16-2,259; *New-Haven, 1,34-3,461; Suffield, 298-310. -,1,709-13,829; Auburn, 1, 18; Brooklyn, 1,834-6,690; Canandaigua, 1,084-2,079; hi, 421-461; Geneva, 1,460 -1,895; Lewiston (frontier,) 6-2,937; Newburg, 1,000-9,877; *†New-York, 2,1,491-3,930; Poughkeepsie, er, 1,071-11,989; Saratoga yracuse, 1,720-5,017; *Troy, 35-6,127; Watertown, 1, argh, 200-470. be nearly $300,000 a-year. What becomes of the difference between that sum, and the $240,000 placed in the Blue-Book? Who supposes that Mr. Morris's income is only $2,000, or Mr. Green's just $827? In Chicago, a large commercial city, $6,822 are retained for salaries. What is the amount actually collected there, including the dues for boxes, (charged at New-York $4 each?) We have heard the box-rent revenue calculated at $100,000 to $250,000. What part of the $15,000 thus paid in at New-York, finds its way into the public chest, and where does one cent of it appear on the public accounts? The incomes, in many cases, seem very inconsistent with each other, and often with the service performed. Give the people the election of their Postmasters, and that service will be done cheaper and better Why should a man who draws customers to his store, retain $1,000 out of $2,200 collected, or in proportion, while his neighbor transacts tenfold the busimore, 2,000-51,817; Cumber- ness for the same money? Why should P. Ms. who collect $5 or $10 a-year for the public, re ol, 329-325; *Harrisburg, 1,033-1,789; Easton, 1,141O revenue; Lancaster, 1,305 -310; *†Philadelphia, 2,000 , 2,000-19,096; Reading, Rouge, 704-990; *†New-Or -Georgetown, 1,352-2,594; ceive free and frank their own letters? 176,788. Marselius, a clerk in the New-York office, reng, 2,000-28; Alexandria, ceiving $58 per month, was convicted many vn, 276-229; Fredericks- months since, on the clearest evidence, of stealing Lynchburg, 1,531-2,801; letters. We have not heard that he was punished ; *†Petersburg, 1,349-4,021; perhaps legal quibbles stand in the way. Had 17; Winchester, 1,084-1,979. he not been found out, honest, faithful clerks yetteville, 1,009-1,549; Mul- would have been blamed for his knavery. In the 1, Prosperity, 3-3); rates paid to clerks, as wages, we can see no sysWilmington, 1,586-3,763. tem-merely the caprice of some controlling bia, 1,736-3,640; *†Charles-functionary. Distributing offices require extra w-Prospect, 1-1; Rice's clerks. We have thus distinguished them (†). cts.; Saxby, 28 cts.-37 cts. There are hundreds, perhaps thousands, of h, 1,420-10,313; *†Columbus, post-offices, family concerns, yielding from 7 cents 899-4,375; Augusta. to $14 per quarter, and conferring the franking Elle, 1,486-592; Montgom- privilege. Why continue to the expense bile, 1,248-15,726. delays, mail-openings, extended routes, circulars, reports, accounts, audits, &c., at places where there is no mail business done? Better it were to give the Union that great boon, a two cents paid and four cents unpaid rate of postage, abolish what is useless, introduce a simple system with real accountability to the public, instead of the appearance of it, proportion the compensation equally to the real service done, and forbid those who are entrusted with mail correspondence to busy themselves in electioneering contests. The undue increase of post-office patronage, enjoyed by the Federal Executive, in 1840 and 1848, failed to strengthen the administrations of Van Buren and Polk. One man has an office with too much emolument; ten office-seekers join the opposition in the hope of getting that office. If patronage without principle would have elected Cass, or kept Van Buren in favor, they had the full benefit of it, especially the former. Universal education, the union of example and precept, in sight of the rising generation, this is the cornerstone of elective institutions. What Whig Congressman is ready to introduce a bill to give the choice of our Postmasters to the people in their towns, cities and other localities? Our opponents talked of reform; may Whigs in office prove to be the true democrats. le, 1,883-121; *Lexington, Elle, 1,995-10,895; Frankfort, .-*+Detroit, 2,000-3,417. 1,825-33,718; *†Columbus, nd, 1,171-7,809; Dayton, 1,930-176; Zanesville, 1,45256-2,088. 1,723-1,760; Springfield, 1, -14. City, 443-463; *†St. Louis, CLERKS' COMPENSATION. ompensations to Postmasters ervices, 600 to 700 clerks are salaries of $120 to $2000 each, ffice, to 17 clerks $8,093; AuDre, to 17 clerks $9,800; Bos0 to $1,200-$16,100; Buffalo, $1,248-$7,700; Charleston, 1 Chicago $5,099; Cincinnati Ohio, $4,917; Detroit $4,480; Louisville $5,000; Mobile $3, 11,000: New-York, M. Monict $1,500, W. B. Taylor $1,00, $1,200, and under, $25,000 e to direct public attention to the embezzlement case of Richard Keys, Baltimore. 44 Narrative of Events Concluded from Whig Almanac for 1847, p. 38. OUR Narrative of Events, last year, left tions of the successful negotiation, and the Gen. Scott, the Commander-in-Chief, and latter was ordered to remain in Mexico as his gallant Army, in possession of the City the resident Minister from this Republic. of Mexico; Santa Anna retiring toward On the 29th of May, Gen. Butler anPuebla with the remains of his forces; nounced to the Army that Mexico was to Peña-y-Peña, whom he had left in posses- be immediately evacuated; next day Gen. sion of the supreme power, vainly endeav- Herrera was elected President, by the oring to assemble the Mexican Con- vote of eleven States to five. gress; Gen. Taylor encamped at Walnut Santa Anna's troops gradually dispersSprings, near Monterey, a portion of his ed; and he escaped to Kingston, Jamaica, troops having been withdrawn by order where, on the 5th of May, he fixed his of the President; and California in pos- residence. Gen. Paredes opposed the session of our Military authorities, among peace, and the cession of Texas, Califorwhom a dispute had arisen whether Gen. nia and New-Mexico; and on the 20th of Kearney or Col. Frémont was the rightful June raised the standard of revolt, aided Governor. The Mexican ports in the by the celebrated Padre Jarauta. On the Gulf, and also on the Ocean, with few ex- 18th of July, he was defeated at Guanaceptions, were in our possession. Gen. juato, by Bustamente, and totally routed. Wool had joined Taylor some time before The Padre was taken prisoner and immethe battle of Buena Vista. diately shot. Paredes escaped. Gen. Scott, whose prudence, military In his Message of Jan. 12, 1848, Mr. experience and bravery, at the head of the Polk mentioned that "Paredes had evadarmy, had achieved many brilliant victo-ed the vigilance of our combined forces by ries, was rewarded by a letter of recall land and sea, and made his way back to from Mr. Marcy, Secretary of War, and Mexico from the exile into which he had Gen. Butler took his place. been driven." On the 15th of May, 1846, On the 22d of Feb. 1848, the President the President thus provided for the return laid before the Senate of the United of Santa Anna: States a Treaty of Peace, which had been "The Commander of our Naval Forces in the negotiated by Mr. Nicholas P. Trist of Va. Gulf, is directed not to obstruct the passage of with Commissioners appointed by Mexico, Santa Anna and suite to Mexico, should he desire whose Government was fully aware, on In Yucatan, the Indians, under a chief the 2d of that month, when the Treaty of the name of Jacinto Pat, had obtained was signed, that Mr. Trist had been pre- signal successes over the whites, but were viously recalled. Mr. Polk spoke of "the effectually repulsed in July, 1848; the magnanimous forbearance exhibited to- Mexican authorities, in the previous ward Mexico," advised the ratification month, having advanced $30,000 and 2,000 of the compact, with some modifications, muskets, with munitions of war, in aid of and communicated a copy of his instruc- the Yucatanese. to return thither." tions to Mr. Slidell of the 10th of Nov. Tranquillity being established through1845. Mr. Polk was then of the opinion, out Mexico, the United States forces evac that "it would be difficult to raise a point of honor between the United States and so feeble and distracted a power as Mexico;" and expressed a desire that Mr. Slidell would endeavor to obtain the Rio Grande as a boundary, from its mouth to its source, and thence North to 42° North latitude-and authorized him to offer the Mexicans twenty-five millions of dollars, if they would also consent to cede Upper California. The Treaty negotiated by Mr. Trist was modified and agreed to by the Senate; and, as thus amended, passed the Senate of Mexico, at Queretaro, on the 25th of May thereafter. Messrs. A. H. Sevier, a uated Vera Cruz on the 1st of August. Texas is estimated as containing 325,520 square miles of 640 acres each; California, 448,691 sq. miles; New-Mexico, 77,387 sq. miles. The Commissioner of the Land Office computes the extent of country added to the Union West of the Rio Grande, at 526,078 sq. ms. making the area of our Republic, 3,311,110 square miles. The area of the Federal States in 1840. was 1,337,000 square miles. On the justice of our quarrel with Mexi co, we gave to our readers last year the reasonings of Henry Clay and Thomas Corwin. Mr. C. M. Clay thus describes the condition of the Mexicans: Senator from Arkansas, and Nathan Clif- "The extreme dryness of Mexico makes irrigaford, the Attorney-General, were accredit- tion necessary in most parts of the country, and ed as Commissioners to exchange ratifica- the scarcity of water and the habits of the people collect the inhabitants into cities or villages. The Finally, we annexed of her territories land itselfis owned by a few large proprietors, not to ours a country equal, in extent, to the the least of whom are the priests. The great mass of the people are serfs, with but few more rights South of Europe. What was the disthan American slaves. It is true that the children memberment of Poland by despotic of serfs are not of necessity also serfs, but debt Monarchs, when compared with the spobrings Slavery, and the wages allowed by law al- liation of Mexico, by a free Republic? most always perpetuate it. Here then is the secret 1 conversed freely Our brave warriors got glory or a grave, of the success of our arms. can or Mexican masters. If all the Mexican sol with the tenantry and soldiers in all Mexico, and and the struggle for the mastery has alwhere they are not filled with religious enthusiasm ready begun between those among us who against us, they care not who rules them, Ameri- would extend African bondage over rediers were freeholders and freemen, not one of all gions yet untrodden by Man, and the friends the American Army could escape from her bor- of principles which the wise and good of and the streets of the towns, by force confinedd is every land revere and cherish. Good may some prison or convent, there drilled, clothed, come out of evil if the influences of Negro armed, and then sent to the regular army. Such Slavery and Land Monopoly can be kept men avow their resolution to desert, or run, on the far removed from our recent acquisitions. first occasion. Of near one thousand soldiers sent ders. The soldiers are caught up in the haciendas from Toluca, to the aid of Santa Anna at Mexico, BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF not one hundred stood the battle. "The whole people do not exceed eight millions, and of these about two millions are white and of mixed bloods; the remainder are native Indians: I never, in all Mexico, with the exception of foreigners in the Capital, saw a single white man at work. Wherever there is Slavery, there is labor dishonorable-it is more creditable to rob than to work. Yet Mexico surpasses the Slave States of America in manufactures. As Rome was overrun by the Barbarians, so is Mexico by the Americans; the Slaves will not fight, the masters are too few to defend the country. Bigotry in Religion has debased the mind-the corruptions of the Church have destroyed the morals of the people; the oppressions of the masters have exhausted the lands Mexico is decreasing in population and resources. Since her independence, her revenues are falling off, her villages are decaying, her Public Works falling to ruin." Among the results of the War with Mexico may be mentioned an increase of the Public Territory, and of the quantity of Public Lands placed at the mercy of speculators; also of the Federal Debt and the Pension List. The expenses of the State are augmented, and the great principle contended for in 1776 by our fathers, and embodied in their Declaration of Independence, that the right to self-government is inalienable, is subverted, or rather exchanged for the international code of William of Normandy, George III. and their successors. It will not be asserted that the people of New-Mexico are annexed to this Union of their free choice, nor that Mexico parted with half her territory till defeated and conquered, after many of our bravest citizens had perished in the struggle with a feeble people and an unfriendly climate. AMERICA. A PROCLAMATION. WHEREAS a Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement, between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic, was concluded and signedat the city of Gaudalupe Hidalgo on the second day of February, one thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, which Treaty, as amended by the Senate of the United States, is word for word as follows: In the name of Almighty God: The United States of America and the United Mexican States, animated by a sincere desire to put an end to the calamities of the war which unhappily exists between the two Republics, and to establish upon a solid basis relations of peace and friendship, which shall confer reciprocal benefits upon the citizens of both, and assure the concord, harmony, and mutual confidence wherein the two people should live, as good neighbors, have for that purpose appointed their respective Plenipotentiaries that is to say, the President of the United States has appointed Nicholas P. Trist, a citizen of the United States, and the President of the Mexican Republic has appointed Don Luis Gonzaga Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Don Miguel Atristain, citizens of the said Republic, who, after a reciprocal communication of their respective full powers, have, under the protection of Almighty God, the author of peace, arranged, agreed upon, and signed the following Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement, between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic: ART. I. There shall be firm and universal peace between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic, and between their respective countries, territories, cities, towns and people, without exception of places or persons. ART. II. Immediately upon the signature of this Treaty, a Convention shall be entered into between a Commissioner or Commissioners appointed by the General-in-Chief of the forces of the United States, and such as may be appointed by the Mexican Government, to the end that a provisional suspension of hostilities shall take place, and that, in the places occupied by the said Mexico was our sister Republic; she had adopted our form of Government, and forces, constitutional order may be reëstablished, sought our alliance. We were strong and as regards the political, administrative, and judicial so far as this shall be permitted by powerful: she was weak, and badly gov- the circuchances of military occupation erned. We might have given her friendly counsel, but preferred to foment Civil War in Texas, and aided in establishing Slavery in its worst form, throughout realms in which she had abolished it. ART. III. Immediately upon the ratification of the present Treaty by the Government of the United States, orders shall be transmitted to the commanders of their land and naval forces, requiring the latter (provided this Treaty shall then have been ratified by the Government of the low the embarkation of the troops of the United Mexican Republic, and the ratifications exchang- States to be completed before the commenceed,) immediately to desist from blockading any ment of the sickly season at the Mexican ports on Mexican ports; and requiring the former (under the Gulf of Mexico, in such case a friendly arthe same condition,) to commence, at the earliest rangement shall be entered into between the moment practicable, withdrawing all troops of General-in-Chief of the said troops and the Mexithe United States then in the interior of the Mexican Government, whereby healthy and otherwise can Republic, to points that shall be selected by suitable places, at a distance from the ports not common agreement, at a distance from the sea- exceeding thirty leagues, shall be designated for ports not exceeding thirty leagues; and such the residence of such troops as may not yet have evacuation of the interior of the Republic shall be completed with the least possible delay; the Mexican Government hereby binding itself to afford every facility in its power for rendering the same convenient to the troops on their march and in their new positions, and for promoting a good understanding between them and the inhabitants. In like manner, orders shall be dispatched to the persons in charge of the custom-houses at embarked, until the return of the healthy season. And the space of time here referred to as comprehending the sickly season shall be understood to extend from the first day of May to the first day of November. All prisoners of war taken on either side, on land or on sea, shall be restored as soon as practicable after the exchange of ratifications of this Treaty. It is also agreed that if any Mexicans all ports occupied by the forces of the United should now be held as captives by any savage States, requiring them (under the same condi- tribe within the limits of the United States, as tion,) immediately to deliver possession of the about to be established by the following article, same to the persons authorized by the Mexican the Government of the said United States will Government to receive it, together with all bonds exact the release of such captives, and cause and evidences of debt for duties on importations them to be restored to their country. and exportations not yet fallen due. Moreover a faithful and exact account shall be made out, ART. V. The boundary line between the two showing the entire amount of all duties on im- Republics shall commence in the Gulf of Mexico, ports and on exports collected at such custom-three leagues from land, opposite the mouth of houses or elsewhere in Mexico by authority of the Rio Grande, otherwise called Rio Bravo del the United States, from and after the day of ratifi- Norte, opposite the mouth of its deepest branch, cation of this Treaty by the Government of the if it should have more than one branch emptying Mexican Republic; and also an account of the directly into the sea; thence up the middle of that cost of collection, and such entire amount, deduct- river, following the deepest channel, where it has ing only the cost of collection, shall be delivered more than one, to the point where it strikes the to the Mexican Government, at the city of Mexico, Southern boundary of New-Mexico; thence, within three months after the exchange of ratifications. The evacuation of the Capital of the Mexican Republic by the troops of the United States, in virtue of the above stipulation, shall be completed in one month after the orders there stipulated for shall have been received by the commander of said troops, or sooner, if possible. ART. IV. Immediately after the exchange of ratifications of the present Treaty, all castles, forts, territories, places, and possessions, which have been taken or occupied by the forces of the United States during the present war, within the limits of the Mexican Republic, as about to be established by the following article, shall be definitely restored to the said Republic, together with all the artillery, arms, apparatus of war, munitions, and other public property, which were in the said castles and forts when captured, and which shall remain there at the time when this Westwardly, along the whole southern boundary of New-Mexico (which runs north of the town called Paso,) to its western termination; thence, Northward, along the western line of New-Mexico, until it intersects the first branch of the River Gila; (or if it should not intersect any branch of that river, then to the point on the said line nearest to such branch, and thence in a direct line to the same;) thence down the middle of the said branch and of the said river, until it empties into the Rio Colorado; thence across the Rio Colorado, following the division line between Upper and Lower California, to the Pacific Ocean. The Southern and Western limits of NewMexico, mentioned in this article, are those laid down in the map entitled "Map of the United States, as organized and defined by various Acts of the Congress of said Republic, and constructed according to the best authorities Revised Edition. Published at New-York in 1847, by J. Disturnell." Of which map a copy is added to this Treaty, bear Treaty shall be duly ratified by the Government ing the signatures and seals of the undersigned of the Mexican Republic. To this end, imme- Plenipotentiaries. And, in order to preclude all diately upon the signature of this Treaty, orders difficulty in tracing upon the ground the limit shall be dispatched to the American officers com- separating Upper from Lower California, it is manding such castles and forts, securing against agreed that the said limit shall consist of a straight the removal or destruction of any such artillery, line drawn from the middle of the Rio Gila, arms, apparatus of war, munitions, or other pub-where it unites with the Colorado, to a point on lic property. The City of Mexico, within the the coast of the Pacific Ocean distant one marine inner line of entrenchments surrounding the said league due South of the southernmost point of city, is comprehended in the above stipulations, the port of San Diego, according to the plan of as regards the restoration of artillery, apparatus of war, &c. The final evacuation of the Territory of the Mexican Republic by the forces of the United States, shall be completed in three months from the said exchange of ratifications, or sooner, if possible; the Mexican Government hereby engaging, as in the foregoing article, to use all means in its power for facilitating such evacuation, and rendering it convenient to the troops, and for promoting a good understanding between them and the inhabitants. If, however, the ratification of this Treaty by both parties should not take place in time to al said port made in the year 1782, by Don Juan Pantoja, second sailing-master of the Spanish fleet, and published at Madrid in the year 1802, in the Atlas to the voyage of the schooners Sutil and Mexicana, of which plan a copy is hereunto added, signed and sealed by the respective Plenipotentiaries. In order to designate the boundary line with due precision, upon authoritative maps, and to establish upon the ground landmarks which shall show the limits of both Republics, as described in the present article, the two Governments shall each appoint a Commissioner and a Surveyor, who, before the expiration of one year from the date of the exchange of ratifications of this a part of this The boundary line established by this article shall be religiously respected by each of the two Republics, and no change shall ever be made therein, except by the express and free consent of both nations, lawfully given by the General Government of each, in conformity with its own Constitution. from the date of the exchange of ratifications of this Treaty; and those who shall remain in the said Territories after the expiration of that year, without having declared their intention to retain the character of Mexicans, shall be considered to have elected to become citizens of the United States. In the said Territories property of every kind, now belonging to Mexicans not established there, shall be inviolably respected. The present owners, the heirs of these, and all Mexicans who may hereafter acquire said property by contract, shall enjoy with respect to it guaranties equally ample as if the same belonged to citizens of the United States. ART. IX. Mexicans who, in the Territories aforesaid, shall not preserve the character of citizens of the Mexican Republic, conformably with what is stipulated in the preceding articles, shall be incorporated into the Union of the United States, and be admitted at the proper time (to be judged of by the Congress of the United States,) to the enjoyment of all the rights of citizens of the United States, according to the principles of the Constitution; and in the meantime shall be maintained and protected in the enjoyment of their ART. VI. The vessels and citizens of the United States shall, in all times, have a free and uninterrupted passage by the Gulf of California, and by the River Colorado below its confluence with the Gila, to and from their possessions situated north of the boundary line defined in the preceding article; it being understood that this passage is to be by navigating the Gulf of California and the liberty and property, and secured in the free exRiver Colorado, and not by land, without the exercise of their religion without restriction. press consent of the Mexican Government. If, by the examinations which may be made, it should be ascertained to be practicable andadvantageous to construct a road, canal, or railway, which should in whole or in part run upon the ART. X. Stricken out.] ART. XI. Considering that a great part of the Territories which, by the present Treaty, are to River Gila, or upon its right or its left bank, be comprehended for the future within the limits within the space of one marine league from either margin of the river, the Governments of both Republics will form an agreement regarding its construction, in order that it may serve equally for the use and advantage of both countries. ART. VII. The River Gila, and the part of the Rio Bravo del Norte lying below the Southern boundary of New-Mexico, being, agreeably to the fifth article, divided in the middle between the two Republics, the navigation of the Gila and of the Bravo below said boundary shall be free and common to the vessels and citizens of both countries; and neither shall, without the consent of the other, construct any work that may impede or interrupt, in whole or in part, the exercise of this right; not even for the purpose of favoring new methods of navigation. Nor shall any tax or contribution, under any denomination or title, be levied upon vessels or persons navigating the same, or upon merchandise or effects transported thereon, except in the case of landing upon one of their shores. If, for the purpose of, making the said rivers navigable, or for maintaining them in such state, it should be necessary or advantageous to establish any tax or contribution, this shall not be done without the consent of both Governments. The stipulations contained in the present article shall not impair the Territorial rights of either Republic within its established limits. ART. VIII. Mexicans now established in Territories previously belonging to Mexico, and which remain for the future within the limits of the United States, as defined by the present Treaty, shall be free to continue where they now reside, or to remove at any time to the Mexican Republic, retaining the property which they possess in the said Territories, or disposing thereof, and removing the proceeds wherever they please, without their being subjected, on this account, to any contribution, tax, or charge whatever. Those who shall prefer to remain in the said Territories, may either retain the title and rights of the United States. But they shall be under the obligation to make their election within one year of the United States, is now occupied by savage tribes, who will hereafter be under the exclusive control of the Government of the United States, and whose incursions within the Territory of Mexico would be prejudicial in the extreme, it is solemnly agreed that all such incursions shall be forcibly restrained by the Government of the United States, whensoever this may be necessary; and that, when they cannot be prevented, they shall be punished by the said Government, and satisfaction for the same shall be exacted-all in the same way, and with equal diligence and energy, as if the same incursions were meditated or committed within its own Territory, against its own citizens. It shall not be lawful, under any pretext whatever, for any inhabitant of the United States to purchase or acquire any Mexican, or any foreigner residing in Mexico, who may have been captured by Indians inhabiting the Territory of either of the two Republics, nor to purchase or acquire horses, mules, cattle, or property of any kind, stolen within Mexican Territory by such Indians. And in the event of any person or persons captured within Mexican Territory by Indians, being carried into the Territory of the United States, the Government of the latter engages and binds itself, in the most solemn manner, so soon as it shall know of such captives being within its Territory, and shall be able so to do, through the faithful exercise of its influence and power, to rescue them and return them to their country, or deliver them to the agent or representative of the Mexican Government. The Mexican authorities will, as far as practicable, give to the Government of the United States notice of such captures, and its agent shall pay the expenses incurred in the maintenance and transmission of the rescued captives, who, in the meantime shall be treated with the utmost hospitality by the American authorities at the place where they may be. But if the Government of the United States, before receiving such notice from Mexico, should obtain intelligence, of Mexican citizens, or acquire those of citizens through any other channel, of the existence of |