Progress: Fact Or Illusion?Leo Marx, Bruce Mazlish University of Michigan Press, 1996 - 232페이지 Progress, perhaps the fundamental secular belief of modern Western society, has come under heavy fire recently because, after three centuries, advances in science and technology seem increasingly to bring problems in their wake: alienation, environmental degradation, the threat of nuclear destruction. The idea of progress is brought into question by postmodern critique, attacking the notion of science as truth. Yet no other meaningful organization of humankind's sense of time looms on the horizon. This volume seeks to reassess the meaning and prospects of the idea of progress. Looking toward the millennium, the volume seeks to evaluate the idea's worth both in theory--is it intellectually viable and defensible today?--and practice--even if theoretically defensible, is the idea undermined in actual life? Approaching these questions from the perspectives of science, anthropology, economics, religion, political philosophy, feminism, medicine, environmental studies, and the Third World, the contributors, all distinguished scholars, provide a unique and critical balance. Ultimately, the contributors find that progress is both a fact and an illusion: it does occur in certain areas, but it does not sweep all before it as its Enlightenment votaries thought it would. This foundational idea permeates discourse in the natural and social sciences as well as the humanities and will engage historians, students of the history of science and technology, sociologists, political scientists, philosophers, literary scholars, and art critics, as well as those interested in civilization in general. Contributors include: Jill Ker Conway, Zhiyuan Cui, Leon Eisenberg, Robert Heilbroner, Gerald Holton, Leo Marx, Bruce Mazlish, Ali A. Mazrui, Alan Ryan, John M. Staudenmaier, George W. Stocking, Jr., and Richard White. "A discerning reconsideration of the idea of 'progress' in a variety of carefully defined theoretical and empirical-historical contexts." --David Hollinger, University of California, Berkeley Leo Marx is Professor of American Cultural History, Emeritus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Bruce Mazlish is Professor of History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. |
목차
Introduction | 1 |
A Historical and Critical Perspective | 27 |
Medicine and the Idea of Progress | 45 |
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achieved advance American analysis Anthropology argued argument assertion behavior belief in progress biological called Cambridge centrism Chicago Christian Christine de Pizan civilization concept of progress Condorcet critics critique cultural relativism dark Darwin deep ecologists early ecology economic Enlightenment environment environmental environmentalists essay ethnocentric Eugene Odum European evolutionary example faith feminist future Gerald Holton Hobbes human self-assertion idea of progress ideal ideology Ignatius improvement increasing individual industrial institutions intellectual Journal laws Leo Marx Leslie White living Marxism means medicine ment Merritt Roe Smith metanarrative modern moral movement National nature neoclassical neoclassical economics nineteenth century non-neoclassical Oxford percent philosophers population possible postmodernism postmodernist prediction problems question recent religious revolution Robert Heilbroner Rousseau scientific sense social sciences society species Spengler standard theory thought tion tradition tuberculosis twentieth century University Press vision women York