OUR BROTHER OF THE STEEL-CLAD Once the ships along this water front carried a forest of slim masts and branching spars. Those were the days of wooden ships; those were the days before steel came. Their mighty wings of canvas bore them from port to port-but today coal is the motive power, and iron hulls with stocky smoking funnels rest where once was 10 tied the clipper, bark, or brigantine. In the shipyards the quaint steel frame of a battleship is slowly rising above the ways-two years or three, or even more may pass before she will float with her long guns peering from her turrets and our Country's flag snapping bright against the sky high above her deck. She, too, is a product of mine and mill, but she is oil driven. 20 Her fuel comes from the deep-driven well, the product of: OUR BROTHER OF THE OIL WELL What is this oil that is playing so important a part in the industrial life of the country? Deep in the rock strata where coal was laid down those millions of years ago are lakes of mineral oil. For less than a century has man known of its existence; yet today it enters everywhere into our daily 30 lives. Down hundreds of feet through the solid rock the oil men sink their drill. Through small, deep tubes of steel that line the drill hole the oil is led to the earth's surface and then the crude and heavy oil is refined and separated by other workers into countless elements of inestimable worth. Gasoline to drive our motors comes from it; oil to lubricate the wheels of indus40 try and defeat the clutching hands of friction, crude oil to drive the giant ship, highly refined oil for medicines, and all the other precious substances from which we make our dyes-more than a fuel it is; a magic substance that by the wizardry of chemistry is so transformed and put to work to serve man's many needs. BROTHERS ALL IN INDUSTRY There are men's lives tied up in everything we wear or eat or use. 50 Lives are they like yours and mine; lives of men whom we would be glad to know and thank for their great work, their contribution to our daily life. We cannot really know them all. The sailors on the lake ore boats cannot know their brother miners of the range or the blackened diggers in the coal fields of Illinois. Nor can we know them, you and I. Still we can think of them whenever we ride upon a train and trust our lives to the watchful eyes that guard us on our way we can think of them in the black coal lump that warms the house or feeds the fires in some vast factory -we can think of them in the mighty ship or towering building. Brothers all are we; brothers in industry. NOTES AND QUESTIONS 1. This selection emphasizes the value of coöperation; in what industries does the author point out mutual dependence? Describe the iron region of Lake Superior as it appeared at the time the Indians inhabited the country; describe it as it appears today. What discovery led to the change? 2. What coöperation is needed to transform iron ore into steel rails or plates? Account for the deposits of coal, and name states that produce coal in large quantities. What do you learn from this selection about the coal mine and the miner? 3. Tell briefly how iron is unloaded from the ore boats. Have you ever seen the unloading at the dock? What picture of work in the blast furnace do you gain from this selection? Why does the author call the men who work in the steel mills brothers to those who operate the steam shovels on the Iron Range and to those who work in the coal mines? How are we indebted to these workers? How can we show that we appreciate the coöperation of the workers? 60 4. What is the relation of the railroad and the steamship to the coal and iron industries? What is the relation of all these industries to the skyscrapers in great cities? What is their relation to shipbuilding? What is the importance of the oil well? Name regions that produce oil in quantity. Tell what you know of the sources and uses of oil. Library Reading. The Blazed Trail, White; "The Story of a Thousand Year Pine," Mills (in The World's Work, August, 1908); The Young Forester, Grey; Primer of Forestry, Pinchot (Government Printing Office); A Year in a Coal Mine, Husband; America at Work, Husband; "A Coal Miner at Home," Roosevelt (in The Outlook, December 24, 1910); "Heroes of the Cherry Mine," Edith Wyatt (in McClure's Magazine, March, 1910); "CoalAlly of American Industry," Showalter (in The National Geographic Magazine, November, 1918); "Pete of the Steel Mills," Hall (in Junior High School Literature, Book II); Steel Preferred, Hall; The Young Apprentice of the Steel Mill, Wier; "Industry's Greatest AssetSteel," Showalter (in National Geographic Magazine, August, 1917); "Romance of Steel," Parsons (in World's Work, October, 1921); "Soul of the Shipyards," Schwab (in The Ladies' Home Journal, January, 1919); "A Human Beaver of Shipbuilding," Wildman (in The Forum, January, 1920); "The Ship That Found Herself," Kipling (in The Day's Work); The Boys' Book of Steamships, Howden; "Billions of Barrels of Oil Locked Up in the Rocks," Mitchell (in The National Geographic Magazine, February, 1918); "Romance of the Oil Fields," Harger (in Scribner's Magazine, November, 1919); The Story of Oil, Tower; Secrets of the Earth, Fraser. Theme Topics. 1. What the worker in the steel mills does for us as citizens of America. 2. How a strike in a coal mine affects the citizen. 3. Compare the steamship of today with that of fifty years ago. 4. The presentday uses of oil and gas. 5. The melting pot of industrial coöperation. INDEX OF AUTHORS, TITLES, AND FIRST LINES In the following Index, the names of authors and titles are printed in capital letters; the first lines of poems are printed in small letters Across the seas of Wonderland to Mogadore we plodded, 272 AGASSIZ, LOUIS, 540, 571 ALLEN, JAMES LANE, 551, 571 AMBITIOUS GUEST, THE, 452 AMERICA! 480 AMERICANS OF FOREIGN BIRTH, 494 As o'er his furrowed fields which lie, 478 A Well there is in the west country, 275 BALLAD, THE, AN INTRODUCTION, 236 BATTLE OF OTTERBOURNE, THE, 243 Before him rolls the dark, relentless ocean, 497 BEWICK AND Grahame, 245 BONNY BARBARA ALLEN, 243 BRYANT, WILLIAM CULLEN, Ulysses Among the BYRON, LORD, Destruction of Sennacherib, 276; CARMAN, BLISS, 529, 573 CITIZEN, THE, 483 CLOUD, THE, 527 COLERIDGE, Samuel Taylor, 259, 573 Come, choose your road and away, my lad, 517 COOPER, JAMES FENIMORE, 200, 573 CRAWFORD, CHARLOTTE HOLMES, 283, 573 FORMATION OF CORAL REEFS, 540 FORTY SINGING SEAMEN, 272 Franceline rose in the dawning gray, 283 FURROW AND THE HEARTH, THE, 531 God of our fathers, known of old, 511 HALE IN THE BUSH, 278 HAMPTON BEACH, 525 HARK TO THE SHOUTING WIND, 528 Harp of the North! that moldering long hast hung, 291 HAWTHORNE, NATHANIEL, 452, 574 Hearken to me, gentlemen, 250 HELL-GATE OF SOISSONS, THE, 281 HEMP FIELDS, THE, 551 HENRY, O, 50, 574 HERVÉ RIEL, 279 HOW TOM SAWYER WHITEWASHED THE FENCE,13 HUSBAND, JOSEPH, 559, 575 I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers, 527 I heard a thousand blended notes, 517 In London city was Bicham born, 253 In the Garden of Eden, planted by God, 529 In the Santa Clara Valley, far away and far away, 532 Into the woods my Master went, 521 It fell about the Lammas tide, 243 It was in and about the Martinmas time, 243 I went into a public-'ouse to get a pint o' beer, 284 JULIUS CAESAR, AN INTRODUCTION, 381 KEATS, JOHN, 526, 575 KING ESTMERE, 250 KIPLING, Rudyard, Tommy, 284; Recessional, 511; 575 LADY OF THE LAKE, THE, 291 LADY OF THE LAKE, THE, AN INTRODUCTION, 287 LEGEND AND HISTORY, AN INTRODUCTION, 211 LIFE OF SIR Walter Scott, THE, 360 LINCOLN, THE LAWYER, 499 LINCOLN, THE Man of the PEOPLE, 504 570 INDEX OF AUTHORS, TItles, and FIRST LINES LINES WRITTEN IN EARLY SPRING, 517 LITERATURE AND LIFE, AN INTRODUCTION TO READING, 1 LOCKHART, JOHN GIBSON, 360, 576 LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADSWORTH, Seaweed, 523; The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls, 523; 576 LORD RANDAL, 240 LOWELL, AMY, 530, 576 LOWELL, JAMES RUSSELL, The Vision of Sir Launfal, 445; Washington, 499; Rhocus, 518; 576 LUBBOCK, SIR JOHN, 533, 577 MAN AND HIS FELLOWS, AN INTRODUCTION, 441 My loved, my honored, much respected friend! 459 My name is Darino, the poet, 281 No Berserk thirst of blood had they, 277 NOYES, ALFRED, Forty Singing Seamen, 272; Old Grahame he is to Carlisle gone, 245 ON THE GREAT PLATEAU, 532 On the sea and at the Hogue, sixteen hundred ninety-two, 279 OPPORTUNITY, 468 Over his keys the musing organist, 445 O where ha you been, Lord Randal, my son? 240 RHŒCUS, 518 RICHARD DOUBLEDICK, 468 RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER, 259 "Rise up, rise up, now, Lord Douglas," 249 SCOTT, SIR WALTER, The Lady of the Lake, 291; SEED-TIME AND HARVEST, 478 SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM, Julius Caesar, 389; Under the Greenwood Tree, 522; 578 Soldier and statesman, rarest unison, 499 STEINER, EDWARD A., 480, 579 THANATOPSIS, 521 The Assyrian came down like the wolf on the fold, 276 The breezes went steadily through the tall pines, 278 There is a pleasure in the pathless woods, 524 This I beheld, or dreamed it in a dream, 468 THOREAU, HENRY, 536, 579 Thus overcome with toil and weariness, 219 TO A MOUSE, 464 TO AUTUMN, 526 To him who in the love of Nature holds, 521 TOMMY, 284 TORTOISE, THE, 538 TREASURE ISLAND, 85 TREASURE ISLAND, AN INTRODUCTION, 79 TREES AND THE MASTER, 521 TUFT OF FLOWERS, THE, 512 True Thomas lay oer yond grassy bank, 255 TWAIN, MARK, 13, 579 TWA SISTERS, THE, 241 ULYSSES AMONG THE PHEACIANS, 219 UNDER THE GREENWOOD TREE, 522 VISION OF SIR LAUNFAL, THE, 445 VIVE LA FRANCE! 283 WASHINGTON, 499 Wee, sleekit, cowrin, tim'rous beastie, 464 WELL OF ST. KEYNE, THE, 275 WHAT AMERICA MEANS TO ME, 483 When descends on the Atlantic, 523 When the Norn Mother saw the Whirlwind Hour, 504 WHITE, GILBERT, 538, 580 WHITTIER, JOHN GREENLEAF, Lexington, 277; WIFE OF USHER'S WELL, THE, 256 WONDERS OF THE WORLD WE LIVE IN, THE, 533 WORKING TOGETHER IN A DEMOCRACY, 505 WORLD IN WHICH WE LIVE, THE, AN INTRODUCTION, 515 WORLD OF ADVENTURE, THE, AN INTRODUC TION, 9 Would you not be in Tryon, 529 WYATT, EDITH, 532, 580 YOUNG BICHAM, 253 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF AUTHORS AGASSIZ, LOUIS (1807-1873), naturalist and geologist, was born in Switzerland. He came to America in 1846, and was so pleased with the opportunities the United States offered that he decided to settle here permanently. A year later he was appointed professor of zoölogy and geology at Harvard University. In 1871 he located on the island of Penikese, in Buzzard's Bay; this island, together with fifty thousand dollars, had been presented to him for the purpose of endowing a school of natural science devoted to the study of marine zoology. Longfellow's poem, "The Fiftieth Birthday of Agassiz," was read by the author at a dinner given to Agassiz by the Saturday Club of Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1857. ALLEN, JAMES LANE (1849- ), is a native of Kentucky. He was graduated from Transylvania University and became professor of higher English and Latin in Bethany College, West Virginia. He now gives his entire attention to literature. His home is in New York City. BALL, SIR ROBERT (1840-1913), astronomer and mathematician, was born in Dublin. He was graduated from Trinity College, Dublin, in 1861. Later, he was professor of astronomy in the University of Dublin, and in 1892 became professor of astronomy and geology at Cambridge and director of the Cambridge Observatory. Among his works are Experimental Mechanics, The Story of the Heavens, Starland, and In Starry Realms. BARRIE, JAMES M. (1860- ), British author and journalist, was educated at Edinburgh University. He is best known for his novels and dramas. Barrie's gifts of humor and pathos are well shown in A Window in Thrums, a book that portrays the life of his native village. Peter Pan is one of his bestknown dramas. BRIGGS, L. B. R., is President of Radcliffe College and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences of Harvard University. He is the author of a number of books, among them School, College, and Character. BROWNING, ROBERT (1812-1889). Next to Tennyson, the most famous English poet of the Victorian era; born in a suburb of London; early education directed by his father, a man of wide knowledge and a lover of the classics. In his youth, Browning was influenced by Byron and Shelley, and like them acquired a love for Italy that became a master passion of his life. He was a great student of romance, of art, and of the classics, and many of his themes were drawn from these sources. After his marriage, in 1846, to Elizabeth Barrett, herself a poet, Browning spent much time in Italy. His entire life was devoted to poetry. His work falls into three main groups: dramas, dramatic monologues, and lyrics. The dramas are original in plot, but they lack action, depending for their interest on the analysis of the thoughts and feelings of their principal characters in some crisis. Pippa Passes and In a Balcony are the most famous of the dramas. The dramatic monologues are poems of varying length, written as though they were soliloquies or stories told by one man but suggesting the presence of other characters, and revealing very clearly the character and motives of the speaker. Of these Browning wrote a great number; they are his most distinctive contributions to literature. His lyrics are among the best in English literature. In all this work Browning's appeal is to thought rather than to the feelings. He was a keen and vigorous thinker, and this quality in his works surpasses his narrative and lyric gifts, great as these were. BRYANT, WILLIAM CULLEN (1794-1878). Born in Massachusetts; his parents traced their ancestry to the early colonists who came over on the Mayflower; his mother was descended from John and Priscilla Alden, and his father, grandfather, and grandmother's father were all country doctors. As a boy, Bryant acted out the story of Poe's translation of the Iliad, using wooden shields and sword and an elaborate coat of mail. He was a lover of poetry, and began to write verses when eight years old. His early education was directed by country ministers, who were trained in Latin and Greek. At fourteen, he knew the Greek Testament as well as the English. The next year he entered Williams College as a sophomore, but his college course was interrupted because of lack of means, and he began the study of law, a profession which he followed for nine years. His first published poems were "Thanatopsis" and "Inscription for the Entrance to a Wood," which appeared in the North American Review in 1817. The first of these poems, one of the most famous in American literature, had been written when he was only sixteen or seventeen years old. A collec |