History of Europe, from the Fall of Napoleon, in 1815, to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in 1852, 8권

Archibald Alison

W. Blackwood and sons, 1859

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CHAPTER XLVIII	1

Description of China Constancy of the character of its people	2

Extent and population of the country ib 4 Revenues of the State	3

Forces by sea and land	4

Great towns of China ib 7 Geographical description of the country	5

Canals and especially the great one	6

Variety of the climate and natural productions	7

Despotic powers of the Viceroys and indifference of the Central Govern ment to their concerns	8

Retreat of the Piedmontese across the Oglio and the Adda	419

Continued to Milan ib 75 Capitulation of Milan	420

Armistice and desperate measures of the Radicals	422

Increased excitement in Italy after the fall of Milan	423

Events at Florence and Leghorn	424

New Ministry at Rome under Count Rossi	425

Revolution at Rome and flight of the Pope	428

Designs of the Italian Revolutionists after Rossis death	429

The land tenures	9

Form of government	10

Practical checks on the Government	11

Religion of the Chinese	12

State of education among the Chinese	13

Cautious management of their trade by the East India Company	14

Change when the China trade was thrown open	15

Passage of the Bocca Tigris and Tiger Island	16

Pacific state of affairs in 1835 and 1836 ib 22 Vast increase of the smuggling trade in 1836 and 1837	17

Vigorous measures of the Viceroy Lin	18

Further violent proceedings of the Chinese	19

Commencement of hostilities	20

Further hostilities with a larger squadron	21

Ineffectual negotiations Capture of the forts of Canton	22

The treaty is disavowed on both sides though partially executed	23

Storming of the forts	24

Further hostilities a fresh armistice and renewed war	25

Plan for storming of the forts of Canton	26

cent additional on the direct taxes	28

Universal indignation at the increase of the direct taxes	29

Decree convoking the National Assembly	30

Storming of the forts	32

Radetsky retires behind the Adige 383	33

Circular of M Carnot Minister of Public Instruction 35 Fresh measures of intimidation of the Central Government Page 247 249 250 251 ib 253	34

Hostile vote of the Assembly against the President	35

Abolition of the punishment of death in political cases	36

Lamartines pacific circular to foreign states	37

Defeats of the Chinese around Ningpo	38

Lamartines secret views at this period 260	39

Frightful disorders in Lyons and on the Upper Rhine 261	40

Reception of the Revolution in Algeria	41

LedruRollins underhand attempt to revolutionise Belgium	42

Counterdeclarations of Lamartine to the Poles	43

Arrival of the British before Nankin and preparations to storm	44

Suspension of cash payments by the savings banks	45

Recognition of the French Republic by America and Great Britain	46

Renewed violent circular of the Minister of the Interior	47

Its terms	48

Immense efforts made to control the elections 266 267 268 269	49

Character of General Nott	50

Demonstration on March 16 and its failure 270 271	51

Appearance of the column which approached the Hôtel de Ville 273	53

Interview of the Clubs and the Government 274	54

Repulse of the requisitionists 275	55

Bad state of the troops when Pollock arrived	56

Preparations for the revolt 277	57

Fresh conspiracy against LedruRollin	58

Measures of Lamartine and LedruRollin to meet the danger 278	59

Preparations of defence at the Hôtel de Ville 279	60

Defeat of the insurrection 280	61

Storming of the Pass	62

Grand review in Paris	63

The elections	64

First meeting of the new Assembly	65

Lamartines speech on foreign affairs	66

Appointment of the Executive Commission	67

What led to his early recall	68

Division between the Assembly and the Socialists	69

Preparations for the insurrection of May	71

Scene in the Assembly	72

New Provisional Government appointed	73

Great difficulties of Notts situation	74

Subsequent proceedings of the Assembly	75

Heroic defence of KhelatiGhilzye	80

Strong opinions of Pollock Nott and Outram in favour of an advance to Cabul	83

Circumstances which rendered the advance more feasible	84

Improved condition of both Pollocks and Notts armies	85

Successful expedition into the Shinwarree Valley	86

Advance of Pollock towards Cabul	87

Victory of Pollock at Jugdulluck	88

Description of the Pass beyond Jugdulluck	89

Position chosen by Akbar Khan	90

Glorious victory of Pollock	91

Spectacle of the bones of the former army	92

Operations of Notts troops against Ghuznee and Cabul	93

Notts victory at Ghoaine 94 Check of Notts advanced guard	94

Removal of the gates of Somnauth	95

Triumphant march of Nott to Cabul	97

Destruction of the Bazaar of Cabul	98

MCaskills expedition to Istaliff	99

General submission of Affghanistan	100

Steps for the recovery of the captives	101

Treaty for their deliverance	102

Shakespear passes Alexanders column	103

Deliverance of Lady Sale and the captives	104

Meeting of Lady Sale and her husband	105

Final retirement of the British from Affghanistan	106

Universal joy in India on these successes	107

Liberation of Dost Mahommed and conclusion of the war	108

Restoration of the gates of Somnauth and its object	109

Reflections on this step of Lord Ellenborough	110

Moral lessons from the Affghanistan war	111

Battle of Meanee	112

Victory of Napier	113

Results of the battle	114

Fall of Hyderabad	115

Position of Napier after the battle ib 21 Annexation of Scinde to the British dominions	116

Shere Mahommeds summons to Napier to surrender	117

Battle of Hyderabad	119

Napiers victory	120

Results of the victory	121

Capture of Meerpoor and Omercote ib 28 Final defeat of Shere Mahommed	122

Honours to the victors and Lord Ellenboroughs Proclamation	124

Reflections on the conquest of Scinde	125

Napiers civil administration	126

Distracted state of the Punjaub after Runjeet Singhs death	127

Murder of the Maharajah and his sons	128

Affairs of Gwalior	129

Distracted and dangerous condition of that State	130

Dismissal of Mama Sahib and rupture with Britain	131

Invasion of Gwalior	132

Battle of Maharajpore	133

Victory of the British	134

Loss on both sides	135

General Greys victory ib 42 Treaty with the Gwalior Government	136

Brilliant results of Lord Ellenboroughs administration	137

Credit due to Lord Ellenborough himself	138

Real causes of the recall	139

282	140

Appointment of Sir H Hardinge as GovernorGeneral	141

Policy recommended to Sir H Hardinge by the Court of Directors	142

Hardinges arrival in India and early pacific measures	143

Importance of railways in India in a military as well as a civil point of view	144

Origin of the Sikhs	145

Description of the Sikhs and their power	146

Geographical description of the country	147

Character of Runjeet Singh	148

Character of Lord Hardinge	149

Of Lord Gough	150

Of Sir C Napier	151

Position of the British troops before the Sikh war	152

Position of affairs in Lahore	153

Hardinge resists the concentration of the army ib 60 Hostile movements of the Sikhs and of the British	155

Immense advantages on the side of the Sikhs	157

Movements of both parties before the collision ib 63 Battle of Moodkee	162

Page 69	163

ib 72	166

73	167

74	169

75	170

76	171

77	172

ib 78	173

80	174

81	175

ib 82	176

83	177

ib 85	178

ib 86	179

87	180

89	182

ib 90	183

92	184

93	185

94	187

95	188

Preparations on both sides for the battle	192

Siege of Mooltan renewed	198

Great works undertaken by Lord Dalhousie	202

Second Burmese war and capture of Martaban	203

Storming of Rangoon	204

Storming of Bassein	205

Capture of Prome and Pegu	206

Peace with Burmah	207

Annexation of Oude	208

Grounds assigned for it	209

Reflections on these events	211

What of the incorporation of Oude?	212

Picture of the Indian empire at this period	213

Absence of direct Parliamentary government the cause of this	215

Contemporary reflections on the fall of the East India Company	216

Danger of direct government of India by Britain	218

CHAPTER XLIX	220

Discontent which the rule of the middle class had excited in France	221

First acts of the Provisional Government	222

Physical description of Scinde 97	223

Confusion and pressure at the Hôtel de Ville	224

Cares of the Government	225

The Ameers of Scinde 98	226

Noble conduct of Lamartine in regard to the Drapeau Rouge	227

Institution of the Garde Mobile and Volunteers	228

Decrees against the exMinisters and other measures	229

Reopening of the clubs liberation of prisoners planting of trees of liberty and fête of March 5	230

Prostration of credit and formation of the Ateliers Nationaux	231

Formation of the Ateliers Nationaux	232

Who was responsible for them	233

Share which Louis Blanc had in them ib 16 Real principles of the Socialists	234

Louis Blancs real fault	235

Decisive answer to the Socialist doctrines	236

Absence of religious jealousy in this Revolution	238

Socialist demands of the working classes	239

Acts against free trade and expulsion of English workmen from France	240

Monetary and commercial crisis and resignation of M Goudchoux as Finance Minister	241

Garnier Pagès minister Financial state of the Bank	242

Suspension of cash payments	243

Great effects of this change and its wisdom ib 26 Effects of this measure and its extension to the provincial banks	244

295	295

Commencement of an agitation in favour of Louis Napoleon	296

Increasing conservatism of the electors and weakness of the Government	298

Alarming state of the finances	299

Steps which led to the insurrection	300

Measures against the Socialists and general discontent among them	301

Forces on both sides ib 82 Commencement of the insurrection	302

Progress of the insurrection	304

First combats and appointment of Cavaignac as Dictator	305

Subsequent actions	306

Further combats	307

Storming of the Pantheon ib 89 Murder of General Brea and storm of the barricades on the left of the Seine	308

Attack on the Faubourg St Antoine	310

Desperate resistance which ensued	311

Heroism and death of the Archbishop of Paris ib 93 Surrender of the Faubourg St Antoine and termination of the insur rection	313

Results of the conflict and losses on the two sides	314

Atrocious cruelty of the insurgents	315

Deeds of heroism on the part of the troops	316

Disturbances in the provinces and continued dictatorship of Cavaignac	317

First measures of the Dictators government	318

British intercourse with Scinde 99 4 Farther treaties with the Ameers in 1834 and 1838	319

Treaty of 1838 forced upon the Ameers 101	320

CHAPTER LI	321

Inquiry on the revolts of May and June	322

Violence of M Proudhon the next Socialist leader	324

Repressive legislative measures	325

Goudchouxs plan for asssessing income as well as land	326

Discussion on the Constitution	328

Answer of Odillon Barrot 330	330

Result of the debate	331

Argument in favour of an election of the President by the Chamber	332

Reply of Lamartine	334

Adoption and proclamation of the Constitution	335

Summary of it	336

Renewed but abortive club agitation	337

Return of Louis Napoleon and his entry into the Assembly	338

Renewed banquet agitation	339

Contest of Cavaignac and Louis Napoleon for the Presidency	340

Position and views of General Cavaignac	341

Address of Cavaignac to the electors	343

Embarrassment from the events at Rome	346

Result of the election	347

Results of the election on public men	348

Appointment of a Ministry	349

Deplorable state of the finances ib 32 Failure of the indirect taxes and of imports	350

The Revolution had been buried in the grave of universal suffrage	351

Which would not be the case in Great Britain	352

CHAPTER LII	354

Proximate causes of the Revolution in Italy	355

Effect of the Revolution of Paris at Rome and Venice	356

Forces of the Austrians in Italy	358

His character	359

General Hess his chief of the staff	360

Feeling in Lombardy on the war and Austrian rule ib 9 Insurrection at Milan and retreat of the Austrians from thence	361

Final victory of the insurgents	362

Immense effects of this victory to the insurgents	363

Spread of the insurrection and retreat of Radetsky to the Mincio	364

Forces and movements of Charles Albert	365

Biography and character of Charles Albert	366

Revolution and civil war in Sicily ib 16 Bombardment of the city and concession of the Government	367

Which leads to increased demands from the insurgents	368

The King of Naples agrees to give a constitution	369

Spread of the Revolution in Sicily	370

Defeat of the insurgents in Naples by the Swiss ib 21 Dethronement of the King of Naples and election of the Duke of Genoa as King of Sicily	372

Change of ministry in Rome	373

The Pope is at last obliged to declare war against Austria	374

Forces at the disposal of Charles Albert	375

Other forces of the Italian League	376

Radetskys forces and position	377

Its weak side in consequence of the insurrection in its rear	378

Measures to recover and secure the Tyrol	379

Measures of the Provisional Government at Milan	381

First operations on the Mincio	382

Invasion of the Tyrol by the free corps	384

Total defeat of the expedition	385

Charles Alberts plan of operations	386

Commencement of the attack ib 38 Successful attack on Pastrengo and retreat of the Austrians behind the Adige	387

Blockade of Peschiera and Mantua	388

Unsuccessful attack of the King on Rivoli	389

Battle of Santa Lucia	390

Results of the battle and views of both parties	391

Count Nugent and the army of reserve on the Isonzo	392

Fall of Udine and advance of Nugent to Sacile	393

Passage of the Piave by the Austrians ib 46 Junction of the army of reserve with the army of Radetsky	395

Important effect of the counterrevolution at Naples ib 48 State of the armies on the Adige and refusal of the Crown of Lombardy by Charles Albert	396

Siege of Peschiera	397

Radetskys able movement to raise the siege ib 51 Storming of Curtatone by the Austrians	398

Repulse of the Austrians at Goito	399

Fall of Peschiera	400

Dangerous position and difficulties of Radetsky	401

Movements of the Austrians	402

March against Vicenza ib 57 Storming of the Monte Berici	403

Return of Radetsky to Verona and capture of Rivoli	404

Great results of the capture of Vicenza	405

Pause in military operations and preparations of both parties	407

Reinforcements obtained	408

Distracted state of the Austrian army	409

Movement of Charles Albert against Mantua and its dangers	410

Blockade of Mantua and relief of the citadel of Ferrara	411

Repulse of the Austrians before Rivoli	412

Movement of Radetsky against the Piedmontese centre and right	413

Battle of Custoza ib 68 Movements after the battle	415

Success of Charles Albert on the Somma Campagna	416

Movements of the two parties ib 71 Second desperate battle of Valeggio	417

Results of the battle and retreat of the Piedmontese	418

Proclamation of a Republic in Rome and defection of the Swiss Guards	431

Renewal of the war between Piedmont and Austria	432

Forces of the Piedmontese on the renewal of the war	434

Forces of the Austrians	435

Different feelings of the two armies on the renewal of the war	436

Description of the theatre of war ib 89 Advance of the two armies who mutually cross each other	438

Concentration of the army at Pavia	439

Effect of these movements and combat of Mostara	440

Position of Novara and of the two armies	442

Battle of Novara	443

Victory of the Austrians	444

Results of the battle	445

Abdication and escape of Charles Albert	446

Proceedings in the Chamber of Deputies at Turin	447

Conclusion of an armistice and its conditions	448

The Chamber rejects the armistice and is dissolved	449

Revolt at Brescia which is suppressed ib 101 Insurrection in Genoa and defeat of General Azarba	450

Lord Ellenboroughs views as to Scinde 102	451

New treaty proposed 103	452

Which is forced on the Ameers 104	453

Expedition against EmaunGhur 105	455

Capture and destruction of it 106 12 Napier returns to the Indus and fresh negotiations 13 Attack on Outram in the Residency 107	456

Renewal of the war after failure of negotiations ib 108 Fall of Catania	457

109	458

Recoil of the insurgents from all quarters to Rome	459

The French Government resolves to attack Rome	460

The French approach Rome and are repulsed	461

Additional preparations on both sides	462

Renewal of the siege of Rome	463

Forces on both sides and progress of the siege	464

Siege and capture of Rome	465

Flight and dispersion of Garibaldis band	467

Blockade of Venice	468

Siege and capture of Fort Malghera surrender of Venice ib 120 Restoration of the Grand Duke of Tuscany and peace between Austria and Piedmont	470

The Austrians had previously acceded to a separation of Lombardy from Austria	471

Reflections on the conduct of Great Britain on this crisis	472

Conduct of the military commanders on both sides	473

To what the defeat of the Italians was owing	474

Their divisions occasioned it ib 126 Total want of military organisation in Southern Italy	476

The Italian mind was inconsistent with the exercise of freedom	477

CHAPTER LIII	478

Passions of religion and race	479

Different races in Austria ib 4 State of Prussia	481

Great and general prosperity of Germany during the peace	483

Great extent of education in Germany	485

Great effect of the military system in Germany	486

Different military organisation of Austria	487

Division of parties on the principle of representation in Germany	488

Constitution of Hungary	489

Great extent of the exclusive privileges in Hungary	490

Demand for unity in the Empire	491

its objects	492

Effects of the Zollverein on the material resources of the country	493

Vague and imaginary ideas afloat in society in Germany	494

General yielding of the established Governments to the French opinions	495

Belgium survives the shock ib 18 Monetary and commercial crisis in Belgium	497

Changes in the Constitution of Holland	498

Progress of the Revolution in Germany	500

All the lesser German Sovereigns yield	501

Disturbances in Prussia	502

Important Proclamation by the King of Prussia	503

Tumult in Berlin	504

Bloody conflict and submission of the King	505

Revolution in Bavaria and resignation of the King	506

Divisions in Prussia on the recent changes	507

New Prussian Constitution	509

Its provisions ib 30 Dispute of the Prussian with the General Diet	510

Great meeting at Heidelberg	511

Elections for the General Diet	512

Composition of the General Diet	513

German encroachments on SchleswigHolstein	514

Great importance of this question in a social point of view The Schleswig Holstein question	516

Claims of the Duchies of Holstein and Schleswig	517

Invasion of the Duchies by the Prussian troops	518

First victory of the Danes	519

Renewed invasion of Schleswig and victories of the Prussians	520

Sweden intervenes and Russia is in observation	522

Battle of Duppeln ib 42 Negotiations for an armistice which is concluded	523

Suppression of a revolt in the south	525

The new Constitution and Archduke John elected Regent	526

Mortification of the Cabinet of Berlin at this result	527

Installation of the GrandDuke John as Regent of Germany	528

Vast changes effected by the German National Assembly	529

Polish Revolt	530

Which is suppressed ib 50 New Constitution of Prussia	532

Riots in Berlin and change of Ministry ib 52 Ministry again changed Measures of the King	534

Address of General Von Wrangel to his troops ib 54 Disorders in Berlin and pusillanimity of the Burgher Guard	535

Riot at the Assembly Hall and change of Ministry	537

Dramatic scene in the Assembly	538

The Assembly resolve to resist	539

The Assembly is dissolved by force	541

Continued contest with the Assembly	542

Completion of the victory of the Crown	543

Completion of the Kings victory and dissolution of the Assembly	544

Kings Constitution	545

Address of the King to troops of the line and landwehr	547

Proceedings of the Diet at Frankfort and the Regent	548

Violent outbreak at Frankfort	549

Combat in Frankfort	551

Debate in the Frankfort Assembly on the prosecution of the members	553

Increasing jealousy of Austria at the Central Government	554

Prince of Leiningens speech on the requisites of a united German Empire ib 71 Capture and execution of Blum at Vienna	556

Extreme incompetence of the Frankfort Assembly and breach with Austria	557

Pernicious influence of the Clubs over the Assembly	558

The Imperial Crown is offered to the King of Prussia	559

Which is refused by the King and his reasons for it	560

Views of Austria on the subject and on the German Constitution	561

It is received and accepted by the lesser states	562

Breach between the Frankfort Assembly and Prussia	564

Violent proceedings of the Assembly at Stuttgardt and its dissolution	565

Insurrection in Saxony and Hanover which is at first successful and finally quelled	567

Insurrection in Baden and the Palatinate	568

And its suppression by the armies of Prussia and Bavaria	569

Constitution agreed to by Prussia Hanover and Saxony	570

Its provisions	571

Proceedings of the New Chamber in Prussia	572

New electoral law in Prussia	573

Ascendancy of the moderate party in the new Chamber in consequence of voting by classes	574

Final arrangement of the German Diet and Constitution	575

Affairs of Würtemberg and Prussia in 1850	576

Dissension between Austria and Prussia regarding HesseCassel	577

Powerful intervention of Russia	579

The Olmutz Convention terminates the dispute	581

Final decision of the affairs of Germany at Dresden in 1851	582

renewal of hostilities	583

Defeat of the Prussians near Fredericia and renewal of the armistice	584

Treaty of July 2 between Prussia and Denmark	585

Renewal of the war by the bad faith of the Prussians	587

Battlefield of Idstedt	588

Results of the victory to the Danes and conclusion of the war	590

Final settlement of the Danish question	591

Reflections on the failure of the movement for German liberty	592

Great effects of the loyalty of the army	593

Great effect of the Prussian representation of classes	594

CHAPTER LIV	596

Serious excitement in Vienna	597

Tumult of March 13	598

Sacking of Prince Metternichs hôtel and tumult in the palace	599

Speech and resignation of Metternich	601

His final conversation with the Emperor and formation of a new Ministry ib 7 Anarchy and rapid progress of the Revolution at Vienna	603

Commencement of trouble in Hungary and Bohemia	604

Demands of Kossuth and the Hungarians	605

Liberal Constitution for Bohemia	606

Outbreak at Prague and murder of the Princess Windischgratz	608

Desperate and bloody fight in Prague ib 14 Gradual suppression of the Sclavonic revolt in Bohemia	609

Commencement of the revolt in Hungary	610

Arrangement of a constitution for Hungary	611

Constitution of the whole Austrian Empire	613

Animosity of races which broke out in the Austrian Empire	614

The hostility of the Hungarians to the Austrians ib 20 Conciliatory measures adopted by the Cabinet of Vienna	615

Fidelity of the Croatians	616

Increased disturbances in Vienna	617

Flight of the Emperor	618

Fresh revolutionary movements in Vienna	619

Page 31 Return of the Emperor to Vienna	620

Emperors proclamation from Innspruck and measures there	621

Austria was saved by the fidelity of the army ib 27 Commencement of a rupture between the Magyars and the Croats	622

The Ban is disavowed by the Emperor but continues his preparations	623

First acts of the Hungarian Parliament	624

Meeting of the Austrian Constituent Assembly	625

Commencement of differences between Austria and Hungary	628

Memorable conference between Jellachich and Count Bathiany	629

State of parties in Hungary at this time	630

Democratic or republican party	631

Character of Georgey 632	632

Character of Kossuth	634

Of Jellachich	635

Of Windischgratz	636

Of Prince Schwartzenberg	638

Revolt of the Razen	639

Preparations for war on both sides	640

Plan of the Austrians	641

Plan of the campaign on the part of the Hungarians	642

Immense efforts of the Hungarians	643

Appointment of Count Lamberg and counterproclamation of the Hunga rian Diet	644

Murder of Count Lamberg ib 49 Execution of Count Zichy	646

Dissolution of the Diet of Hungary which is declared in a state of siege	647

Commencement of the insurrection in Vienna	648

Strange scene at a meeting of the conspirators	649

Plans of the conspirators and commencement of the insurrection	650

Commencement of the combat and successes of the insurgents	651

Capture of the office of the warminister and murder of Count Latour	653

Storming of the arsenal	655

Retirement of the Emperor to Olmutz	656

The military are stationed in the Belvidere Gardens	657

March of Jellachich on Vienna	658

His approach ib 62 Great agitation in Vienna and vain attempts to gain the Ban	659

Approach of Windischgratz from Prague	660

Character of Bem	661

Vienna refuses to surrender the bombardment commences	662

Preparations for the assault on both sides	663

Storming of the barricade of the Prater ib 68 Night which followed the attack	664

Commencement of conference for a surrender	665

Approach of the Hungarians as seen from the steeples of Vienna	666

Battle of Schwechat and defeat of the Hungarians	667

Total defeat of the Hungarians	668

Surrender of Vienna	669

Execution of Blum	670

Formation of a new Ministry by Schwartzenberg	672

Resignation of the Emperor and accession of the new Emperor Francis Joseph	673

Extreme difficulties of his march to Kaschau	685

Inactivity of the Austrians after the victory	692

It is resolved to fight for Pesth	698

Victory of the Hungarians	705

Great results of the battle	709

Declaration of Hungarian Independence	709

Siege and storm of Buda	714

Forces and chances of the Magyars	718

Biography and character of Haynau	719

Biography and character of Paskewitch	720

Forces of the Austrians and Russians ib 51 Forces of the Hungarians	721

Causes of the delay in the commencement of the campaign	722

Battle of Pered	724

Farther operations on the Waag	725

Advance of the Austrians towards Waitzen and battle of Acz	726

Issue of the conflict	727

Results of the battle and advance of the Austrians to Pesth	728

Battle of Waitzen	729

Desperate cavalry action at Tzombor ib 62 Desperate state of Hungarian affairs and proposals of capitulation	730

Georgey is dismissed and restored to the command	731

Results of the first part of the campaign	732

Ability and consequences of Georgeys mountain march and combat at Poroszlo	733

Combat in front of Debreczin	734

Defeat of the Hungarians	735

Disasters of the insurgents in Transylvania	736

Defeat of Bem at Segesvar	737

Final defeat of Bem at Hermanstadt	738

Advance of the Austrians to Szegedin	739

Battle of Szegedin	740

The advance to Temesvar	741

Battle of Temesvar	742

Defeat of the Austrians before Komorn	744

Eccentric retreat of Dembinski and Bem to the south	745

Resignation of Kossuth and Georgey declared Dictator	746

Interview of Georgey and Bem	747

Georgeys letter to Rudiger offering surrender	748

The Hungarians lay down their arms	749

Mournful ceremony which then occurred	750

Surrender of the remaining corps and fortresses and termination of the 751 war	751

Paskewitch intervenes in vain in behalf of the Hungarian leaders	752

Executions of Hungarian leaders	753

Mutual jealousy of Austrians and Russians after the war	754

Deep interest of the Hungarian war	755

The Hungarian insurrection was unjustifiable ib 89 And disastrous to freedom if successful	756

CHAPTER LVI	758

Great political importance of the period from 1848 to 1852	759

Increased loyal and docile temper of the people	761

Real suffering of the country during this period	762

Prices of grain during the period and effects of the fall	763

Outcry for repeal of the Navigation Laws	764

710 Argument of the Freetraders for the repeal of the Navigation Laws 766768	766

VOL VIII	769

The bill is passed in both Houses	772

Its results	773

Mr Disraelis motion for relief to the agriculturists	775

Change of circumstances which weakened the Protectionists cause	776

Rise in the price of foreign grain from the repeal of the Corn Laws	777

Great improvements in agriculture especially draining	778

Great effect on agriculture of the completion of the railway system	780

Effect of the railway system on the balance of political parties in the State	781

Violent outcry among the agricultural classes ib 25 Attitude of the Freetraders on the question	783

Answer of the Protectionists 786787	788

Reflections on this decision	789

Finances of the Empire from 1849 to 1852	790

Population census of 1851	791

Mortality of town and country districts	793

Remarkable increase in crimes of violence in Great Britain during the last forty years	795

Relinquishment of the transportation system and its injurious effects njurious	796

Causes which led to this	798

What Government should have done ib 40 Course pursued and its ruinous effects and abandonment of transportation	799

Ruinous consequences of the change	800

What Government did in the circumstances and its effects	801

Concession of right of selfgovernment to the colonies	802

Difficulties of a direct representation of the colonies in Parliament	803

Colonial discontent produced by the Reform Bill and its results	804

New and true colonial system	806

Affairs of the Cape discontent there and its causes ib 48 Caffre war its early disasters	807

Progress of the war	809

Progress and termination of the war	810

Subsequent transactions	811

Renewed predial outrages in Ireland	812

Sir Robert Peels Encumbered Estates Bill	813

Working of the plan and its great effects	814

Its beneficial effects in the end	815

Difference with Russia in regard to the Hungarian refugees	816

Military and naval armaments of the empire at this period	821

His Cabinet	827

The gold discoveries in California and Australia in 1850 and 1851	833

CHAPTER LVII	841

Deplorable state of the public finances 246	848

Proposition of M Rateau	854

Revolt in Lyons	860

865	865

civil list and on the permanent commission	869

Parliamentary coalition against the President	870

Opening of the new session of the Assembly 31 Rupture between the President and General Changarnier	872

889	889

Napoleon and Cavaignac on the revision of the Constitution 40 Vote against the revision of the Constitution prorogation of the Assembly 41 State of ...	896

Democracy is a means not an end and it has answered its purpose	897

This arises from an overestimate of the average capacity of human nature	906

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History of Europe: From the Fall of Napoleon, in 1815, to the Accession ..., 8권
Archibald Alison
전체보기 - 1859

History of Europe, from the Fall of Napoleon, in 1815, to the Accession ..., 8권
Archibald Alison
전체보기 - 1859

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Affghanistan Affghans Ameers April arms army artillery Assembly Ateliers Nationaux attack Austrian Balleyd bank barricades battalions battle brigade Cabul Cavaignac cavalry CHAP Charles Albert columns command commenced danger decree democratic Desp directed election Ellesmere empire enemy enemy's extreme favour Ferozepore fire flank force formidable France French garrison German Goito Gough Governor-General guns Gwalior Hardinge head Hist hostilities Hôtel Hôtel de Ville immediately India infantry inhabitants insurgents insurrection intrenched Italian Italy June King Lamartine Ledru-Rollin Liberal LIII Lombardy Lord Lord Ellenborough Lord Gough Louis Blanc Magyars Mantua March ment military Mincio Minister Moniteur montese Napier National Guard officers Paris party Peshawur Piedmontese position provinces Provisional Government Prussia Punjaub Radetsky rear regiments rendered Republic resistance retreat Revolution revolutionary river Scinde side Sikh Singh soldiers soon success Sutlej thousand tion town treaty troops utmost Vicenza victory Vienna whole XLIX XLVIII

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제목	History of Europe, from the Fall of Napoleon, in 1815, to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in 1852, 8권 History of Europe, from the Fall of Napoleon, in 1815, to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in 1852, Archibald Alison
저자	Archibald Alison
발행인	W. Blackwood and sons, 1859
소장	미시간 대학교
디지털화된 날짜:	2007년 9월 13일

서지정보 내보내기	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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History of Europe, from the Fall of Napoleon, in 1815, to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in 1852, 8권

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