vengeance for these outrages, and he conducted his march so well, passing through bye-ways across the mountains, that the enemy had no information of his approach. Having planned his march so as to arrive at Athol in the beginning of the night, the detachment separated, dividing itself into small parties, every gentleman taking the shortest road to his own house, and in this way all the English were surprised in their sleep. Those who found their wives and daughters violated by the brutality of these monsters, and their families dying from hunger and the inclemency of the season, made no prisoners. They received, while they slept, the punishment which their inhumanity merited. All were put to the sword or made prisoners, except two or three hundred men, who shut themselves up in the castle of Athol."

field; and would, in all probability, have perished, had not some of the insurgents removed him by force to a place of safety.

The king's troops achieved a complete victory over the insurgents; great numbers of whom, however, escaped to the Highlands, and, in two days after the battle, Lord George was already at the head of five thousand men. "We might," he observes to a correspondent, "have set the English at nought for years; and as to provisions, had I been allowed to have any direction, we would not have wanted as long as there was cattle in the Highlands, or meal in the lowlands." The prince, however, refused to join the still formidable remnant of his army, and the insurgents speedily dispersed. Lord George withdrew to the continent, and, after having passed some years in France and Italy, died in North Holland, on the 8th of July, 1760.

Meantime, the Duke of Cumberland's forces had approached Inverness, from which the insurgents set out, on the His character is thus sketched, ap13th of April, for the purpose of sur-parently, with much truth, by the prising the royal troops in their camp. After a fatiguing march, during the night of the 15th, a considerable portion of the insurgents were within a mile of the English camp; but the remainder having been dispersed, on account of the darkness of the night, Lord George at first determined to wait for their arrival; but, at length, finding that it would probably be day-break before his troops could reach the position occupied by the royal army, when their repulse would be an easy task to their opponents, Lord George, contrary to the wishes of the prince, gave orders for a retreat. For this, Charles Edward absurdly accused him of treachery; and taking the sole command of his forces, halted at Culloden, where, in opposition to Lord George's advice, notwithstanding the fatigues which his men had undergone, and although they might have been marched to a secure post, on the high ground beyond the plain, he obstinately insisted on waiting until the royal troops (who were rapidly approaching) should come up, and on hazarding a battle. Hopeless, as he must have been, as to its result, Lord George displayed the most heroic courage in the contest that ensued:-although severely wounded, and thrown from his horse, he refused to quit the

Chevalier Johnstone :-" Lord George Murray, who had the charge of all the details of our army, and who had the sole direction of it, possessed a natural genius for military operations; and was a man of surprising talents, which, had they been cultivated by the study of military tactics, would unquestionably have rendered him one of the greatest generals of his age. He was tall and robust, and brave in the highest degree; conducting the Highlanders in the most heroic manner, and always the first to rush, sword in hand, into the midst of the enemy. He used to say, when we advanced to the charge, I do not ask you, my lads, to go before, but merely to follow me.' He slept little, was continually occupied with all manner of details; and was, altogether, most indefatigable, combining and directing alone all our operations:-in a word, he was the only person capable of conducting our army. He was vigilant, active, and diligent; his plans were always judiciously formed, and he carried them promptly and vigorously into execution. However, with an infinity of good qualities, he was not without his defects:-proud, haughty, blunt, and imperious; he wished to have the exclusive ordering of every thing, and,

feeling his superiority, he would listen to no advice. Still, it must be owned, that he had no coadjutor capable of advising him, and his having so completely the confidence of his soldiers enabled him to perform wonders. He possessed the art of employing men to

advantage, without having had time to discipline them; but taking them merely as they came from the plough, he made them defeat some of the best disciplined troops in the world. Nature had formed him for a great warrior,-he did not require the accidental advantage of birth."

JAMES DRUMMOND,

JAMES, the sixth earl, and, nominally, third Duke of Perth, was born in August, 1706. His father, the fifth earl, commonly called the Marquess of Drummond, attended James the Second to Ireland: he also joined the Jacobites of 1715, with all the force he could raise; and, at the close of the insurrection, escaped to France, where he died. His son, the sixth earl, imbibed the unfortunate predilections of his race in favour of the Stuarts, and was proud of nothing so much as the personal regard evinced towards him by Charles Edward; in whose army he acted as first lieutenant-general at the

EARL OF PERTH.

battle of Preston-Pans. He appears to have united considerable military skill with the most heroic courage. "In spite of a very delicate constitution," says Douglas, "he underwent the greatest fatigues, and was the first on every occasion of duty, where his head or hands could be of use; bold as a lion in the field, but ever merciful in the hour of victory." After the battle of Culloden, he escaped to the coast, and embarked for France; but his health being quite ruined by long continued fatigue, and his spirit broken by misfortune, he expired on the passage, on the 13th of May, 1746.

GEORGE MACKENZIE, EARL OF CROMARTIE.
THIS nobleman was born in 1710.
When about nineteen years of age,
he married his first cousin, Lady Cas-
tlehaven, by whom he had a large
family. On the arrival of Charles
Edward in Scotland, he joined the
insurgents, with his eldest son, Lord
Macleod, and four hundred of his clan.
He fought on foot, at the battle of Fal-
kirk, among the Highlanders; to whom
he greatly endeared himself, by sharing
in all their perils and privations. On
the final retreat of the rebel army to-
wards the north, he took refuge with his
son, at Dunrobin castle, where Lord
Sutherland's militia surprised them, on
the 15th of April, 1746.

His wife also presented a petition for
mercy to the king. "He was very
civil to her," says Walpole, "but
would not at all give her any hopes.
She swooned away as soon as he was
gone. Lord Cornwallis told me, that
her lord weeps every time any thing of
his fate is mentioned to him."
"Lord
Cromartie," says the same author, on a
subsequent occasion, "is reprieved, for a
pardon. If wives and children become
an argument for saving rebels, there
will cease to be a reason against their
going into rebellion."

They were soon afterwards sent to London, and, on the 28th of July, pleaded guilty to a charge of high treason. When brought up to receive sentence, the earl most abjectly implored the peers to procure his pardon.

The earl's estates were sold by order of government: he was allowed £500 per annum out of the proceeds, the residue of which was settled on his children. Lord Macleod entered the Swedish service, and subsequently served with the English army in the East Indies. The earl died in 1759.

THE CHURCH.

VOL. I.

BB

THE CHURCH.

THOMAS TENISON, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.