which, as many other divines were in a similar predicament, he was relieved by an act of parliament. In 1804, he delivered the Boylean lectures; which, about two years after, he pub lished under the title of The Progress of Infidelity. The orthodoxy and learning which he displayed in this production, procured him the preachership at Lincoln's-inn, a living in Surrey, and the regius professorship at Oxford. In 1813, he accumulated the degrees of B.D. and D. D.; and, about the same time, obtained a canonry of Christchurch. In the following year, he preached the Bampton lectures, which he published in 1815, under the title of An Inquiry into the General Principles of Scripture Interpretation. In 1820, he was promoted to the deanery of St. Paul's; and, at the same time, raised to the see of Llandaff; from which he was subsequently translated to that of Durham. He is amiable in private life; a good preacher; a most orthodox divine; a profound scholar; and an admirer of Lord Liverpool's political principles, although he thought proper to vote for catholic emancipation, when it was brought forward as a government measure, by the Wellington cabinet. In addition to the works already mentioned, he has published A Sermon on the Assassination of Spencer Perceval; a Charge to the Clergy of Llandaff; and, The Substance of a Speech, delivered in 1825, on the Removal of the Disabilities of the Roman Catholics.

MIDDLETON, (THOMAS FANSHAW, first Bishop of Calcutta,) was born in the month of January, 1769, at Kedleston, in Derbyshire; of which place his father was rector. At an early age he was placed at Christ's Hospital; whence he proceeded, on a school exhibition, to Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; where he took the degrees of B. A. and M. A., in 1792 and 1795, and accumulated those of B. D. and D. D., in 1808. Soon after he had graduated, he became curate of Gainsborough, in Lincolnshire. In the year 1794, he was employed as tutor to the nephews of Bishop Pretyman, by whose patronage he obtained, in succession, the archdeaconry of Lincoln; the rectory of Tansor, in Northamptonshire; the

consolidated rectory of Little and Castle Bytham, which he held by dispensation with that of Tansor; the vicarage of St. Pancras, Middlesex, with the rectory of Puttenham, Herts; and the archdeaconry of Huntingdon, to which he was preferred in 1812: previously to which year, he had published a periodical paper, called The Country Spectator; The Blessing and Curse, a thanksgiving; a visitation sermon; and a valuable treatise on the Doctrine of the Greek Article, applied to the Criticism and the Illustration of the New Testament. After failing in a strenuous attempt to procure an act of parliament for the erection of a new church, at St. Pancras, he became so active and zealous a member of the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, that when government came to a resolution of establishing episcopacy in India, he was offered the new bishopric of Calcutta, which, at first, he positively declined; but, in compliance with the urgent entreaties of his friends, at length consented to accept. He was accordingly consecrated on the 8th of March, 1814; and on the 8th of June, in the same year, having in the interim been elected F. R. S., he embarked for India. In the following month of November, he reached the presidency of Bengal, and immediately began to apply himself, with extraordinary fervor, to the performance of his arduous and important duties. In a letter, dated the 21st of December, 1815, addressed to the Bishop of St. David's, he states, that he was then about to proceed on a visitation to Madras, the Malabar coast, and thence to Bombay; a journey, in the whole, of about five thousand miles. Such a visitation, as he remarked, had, perhaps, never been made by a Christian bishop. In 1820, he laid the foundation of a church at Calcutta; where, also, chiefly through his exertions, a missionary college was soon afterwards erected. His brilliant and laborious career, as a prelate, was terminated by a fever, on the 8th of July, 1822. In the following December, The Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, in order to perpetuate his memory, voted the sum of £6,000, for the establishment of several scholarships, to be designated by his name, at the Calcutta college; and, in compliment to his widow (a daughter

of John Maddison, Esq., of Gainsborough, whom he married in 1787) it was resolved that a copy of the vote should be presented to her on vellum. He is described, apparently with great justice, by one of his biographers, as having been endowed with a masculine understanding; considerable powers of eloquence; an ardent and excursive mind; controlled, however, by the most disciplined and calculating discretion; great learning, especially in the prose department of Greek literature; a disposition so benevolent, that to relieve others he often distressed himself; astonishing zeal for the advancement of Christianity in the east; and such severe ideas of duty, that he knew no medium between right and wrong, falsehood and truth, or exertion and neglect.

RICHMOND, (LEGH,) was born at Liverpool, on the 29th of January, 1772. He received an injury, during his childhood, by leaping from a wall, which lamed him for the remainder of his life. After having laid the foundation of a classical education, he proceeded to Trinity college, Cambridge, where a severe illness, produced by intense application, materially retarded his academical progress. He graduated, by

grotat, in 1794, and proceeded to the degree of M. A. in 1797; during which year he married, took deacon's orders, and commenced his pastoral duties as a curate, in the Isle of Wight. He subsequently officiated, for some time, at Lock chapel, in the metropolis; and, in 1805, obtained the rectory of Turvey, in Bedfordshire, where he died, on the 8th of May, 1827. Besides a work, entitled, The Fathers of the Church, he wrote a number of narrative pieces, in support of religion, several of which, (including The Dairyman's Daughter, The Young Cottager, The Negro Servant, &c.) after having been printed separately, were collected and published in one volume, entitled, Annals of the Poor. Some of these simple and unpretending compositions, which procured for their amiable author a large share of public esteem, as well as the friendship of many pious and learned individuals, have been translated into more than twenty foreign languages, and millions of copies of

them have been circulated. He preached extemporaneously, and without much preparation. "Why," said he, "need I labour, when our simple villagers are far more usefully instructed, in my plain, easy, familiar manner? The only result would be, that I should address them in a style beyond their comprehension."

MANT, (RICHARD, Bishop of Down and Connor,) was born at Southampton, about 1777, and proceeded from Winchester school to Oriel college, Oxford, in 1793, or the following year. After having graduated as B. A. and obtained a prize, for the best essay on commerce, he was elected to a fellowship; proceeded to the degree of M. A.; entered into holy orders, and became curate to his father, who was rector of All Souls, at Southampton. In 1811, he was appointed to deliver the Bampton lectures; and, in 1814, in conjunction with D'Oyly, he published D'Oyly and Mant's Quarto Bible, with notes original and select. He now became chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and vicar of Coggeshall, in Essex. In 1816, he printed the discourses which he had preached at the Bampton lecture, under the title of An Appeal to the Gospel, or an Inquiry into the Justice of the Charge that the Gospel is not preached by the National Clergy. Soon afterwards, he obtained the living of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate; and, in 1820, the bishopric of Killala and Kilfenora, from which he was translated, in 1822, to that of Down and Connor. Besides the works already mentioned, he has published an edition of the Poetical Works of Joseph Warton, with a Memoir prefixed; Puritanism Revived; The Slave, and other poetical pieces; The Book of Psalms, in a new English metrical Version, with Notes, critical and illustrative; Biographical Notices of the Apostles, &c.; an edition of the Book of Common Prayer, with extracts from the writings of the most learned divines and commentators; three volumes of sermons, and a number of discourses, tracts, &c.

D'OYLY, (GEORGE,) the son of Archdeacon D'Oyly, was born about 1778; and sent, in 1796, to Trinity college, Cambridge; where, on graduating

as B. A. in 1800, he was second wrangler, and, shortly afterwards, obtained the second Smith's prize. After having been elected to a fellowship, he took the degree of M. A. in 1803. In 1807, and the two following years, he filled the office of junior moderator; in 1810, he graduated in divinity; in 1811, he was elected Christian advocate; and, in that capacity, preached two discourses before the university; the one, On a Particular Providence, and the other, On Modern Unitarianism. These were printed in 1812; and about the same period, he published, in two parts, A Letter to Sir William Drummond, relative to his Edipus Judaicus. In 1814, in conjunction with Dr. Mant, he produced a quarto Bible, with original and select notes and illustrations. In 1816, he resigned the office of Christian advocate on proceeding to the degree of D. D.; and, in 1820, the Archbishop of Canterbury, to whom he had for some time before, been chaplain, presented him to the valuable rectory of Lambeth. He was subsequently offered, it is said, an Irish bishopric, which, however, he thought proper to decline. Besides the works already named, he has published The Life of Archbishop Sancroft, with an Appendix; An Essay on the Doctrine of Assurance; and one volume of sermons.

COPLESTONE, (EDWARD, Bishop of Llandaff,) was born about the year 1780, and finished his education at Oriel college, Oxford, where he obtained a prize medal for an English essay on agriculture, and another for a composition in Latin verse. He took the degree of B. A., in 1794, and soon afterwards obtained a fellowship. In 1797, he proceeded to the degree of M. A.; and, in 1802, succeeded Dr. Hurdis, as professor of poetry. In 1807, he served the office of proctor; and, in the following year, he proceeded to the degree of B. D. In 1809, he resigned his professorship; and, in 1813, became provost of his college, rector of Purleigh, in Essex, and D. D., by diploma. In 1828, he was promoted to the deanery of St. Paul's, and, at the same time, raised to the bishopric of Llandaff Shortly afterwards, he voted in favour of catholic emancipation and the repeal of the test and corporation acts;

although he had previously, it is said, been decidedly hostile to concession. He has published a few single sermons; An Inquiry into the Doctrines of Necessity and Predestination; and Prælectiones Academica Oxonii Habitæ.

KAYE, (JOHN, Bishop of Lincoln,) the son of humble, but respectable parents, was born about 1782. He appears to have graduated with extraordinary distinction, in 1804, at Christ college, Cambridge, where he proceeded to the degree of M. A. in 1807; and, subsequently, became tutor to the Marquess of Bute; who, on coming of age, is said to have presented him with £20,000; one half of which was, however, returned. In 1814, the subject of our notice obtained the mastership of his college, when he took the degree of B. D.; and, shortly afterwards, that of D. D., by royal mandate. In 1815, he served the university office of vicechancellor; and, in the following year, succeeded Bishop Watson in the regius professorship of divinity. On the death of Bishop Mansell, he was raised, through the interest, as it is supposed, of his noble pupil, to the see of Bristol, and subsequently translated to that of Lincoln. He has published a Concio ad Clerum; a sermon on the death of the Princess Charlotte; and The Ecclesiastical History of the Second and Third Centuries.

LLOYD, (CHARLES, Bishop of Oxford,) was born at Downley, Bucks, on the 26th of September, 1784. From Eton, he was sent, in 1803, to Christchurch, Oxford; where, in 1804, he was selected as dean's student, and shortly after became tutor to Mr. Peel. In 1806, he took the degree of B. A. with great distinction; he then went into Scotland, as tutor to Lord Elgin's children; but soon returned to Oxford, and obtained the post of mathematical lecturer at his college. In 1809, he proceeded to the degree of M. A.; and, about the same period, took holy orders. In 1819, he was appointed preacher of Lincoln's-inn; and shortly afterwards, became chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury, who presented him to the living of Bursted, in Sussex; which he resigned, in 1822, on being chosen regius professor of divinity. About the

same period, he proceeded to the degree of D. D.; and, in 1827, obtained the bishopric of Oxford. Soon after his introduction to the house of peers, he displayed his zeal as a supporter of high protestant principles, during a debate on catholic emancipation, which he most vehemently opposed; but, in the next session, he spoke and voted in favour of the relief bill. He, consequently, brought on himself the bitter reproaches of those who were hostile to the measure, and lost the esteem of his former friends. It has been broadly insinuated, that remorse for his apostacy rapidly hurried him to his grave: his death, however, may, with more probability, be ascribed to a severe cold, which he caught, by sitting in a current of air, while dining with the Royal Academicians, a few days after he had spoken, what Croly terms, his fatal speech, in the house of lords. His death took place on the 31st of May, 1829. By his wife, a daughter of Colonel Stapleton, he left five children. "In private life," says a writer in The Gentleman's Magazine," he was one of the most amiable of human beings; keenly alive to every domestic tie, and every domestic duty; frank and openhearted, generous, affectionate, and considerate." He is described, by the same writer, as having been a sound reasoner, an excellent tutor, and one of the firmest defenders of the church of England. He produced an edition of the Greek Testament, printed in small octavo, at the Clarendon press; and was the author of a paper in the British Critic for October, 1825, entitled, A View of the Roman Catholic Doctrines.

JAMES, (JOHN THOMAS,) Bishop of Calcutta, was born on the 23rd of January, 1786. After having received the rudiments of education under his father, at Rugby grammar school, he was placed on the foundation at the Charter-house. In 1803, he obtained a prize medal, from the Society of Arts, for a drawing of Winchester cathedral; and, about the same time, evinced a strong inclination for a maritime life, which, however, at the earnest entreaty of his mother, he endeavoured to subdue, and turned his attention to the church. 1804, he was removed to Christchurch,

In

Oxford, where Dean Jackson, soon afterwards, rewarded his application with a studentship. After having taken his degrees of B. A. (in 1807) and M. A. (in 1810) he acted as a tutor of his college, until 1813, when, with Sir James Riddell, he made a tour through the north of Europe; of which, on his return to England, he printed an account; and, some time afterwards, at the request of his friends, published a set of illustrative sketches, engraved and coloured by himself. In 1816, he visited Italy, and collected materials for his work, entitled, The Italian Schools of Painting, which met with such success, on publication, that, in 1822, he produced another, on The French, Dutch, and German Schools: this he intended to have followed up with descriptions of those of Spain, France, and England; but the increase of infidelity induced him to devote his attention to the defence of Christianity; and, in 1826, he published the Semi-Sceptic; or, The Common Sense of Religion considered. Although he took orders soon after his return from Italy, he had hitherto obtained no preferment, except the small vicarage of Flitton with Selsoe, in Bedfordshire; from which, on the death of Bishop Heber, he was, unexpectedly, raised to the see of Calcutta. Early in 1827, the university of Oxford conferred upon him the degree of D. D. by diploma; and, on the 14th of July in that year, he embarked for India; where, like his two excellent predecessors, he soon fell a victim to the climate. He persevered in discharging his laborious episcopal functions, even after he had become so deplorably enfeebled by disease, that, being unable to stand, he was under the necessity of preaching on his knees. He died on the 23rd of August, 1827, leaving three children, and a widow, the daughter of F. Reeves, Esq. of East Sheen, in Surrey. He is described as having been mild, agreeable, pious, and benevolent; an able preacher, an orthodox divine, and a man of considerable learning, judgment, and taste.

RENNELL, (THOMAS,) son of Dr. Rennell, Master of the Temple, was born in 1787, and placed, at an early age, on the foundation at Eton, where he obtained the Buchanan prize for a

Greek Sapphic ode, on the propagation of the Gospel in India; and, in conjunction with three of his fellow-students, published a periodical, in imitation of The Microcosm, entitled, The Miniature. He was removed, in his turn, to King's college, Cambridge, in 1806; and, two years afterwards, he obtained Sir William Browne's gold medal, for a Greek ode. He also distinguished himself, about the same period, by his contributions to the Museum Criticum. After having graduated, and entered into holy orders, he was appointed assistant-preacher to his father, in the Temple. In 1811, he produced Animadversions on the Unitarian Translation, or improved Version of The New Testament; and, about the same time, accepted the editorship of The British Critic. In 1816, he was presented to the vicarage of Kensington, and elected Christian advocate at the university of Cambridge. In 1819, he published a work, which passed rapidly through six editions, in answer to Bichat, Morgan, and Lawrence, entitled, Remarks on Scepticism, especially as it is connected with the Subjects of Organization and Life. On account of some observations contained in this production, an attempt was made to exclude him from the Royal Society, of which, however, he became a fellow. Soon after the appearance of The Apocryphal New Testament, he printed his Proofs of Inspiration, or the Grounds of Distinction between the New Testament and the Apocryphal Volume. In 1823, the Bishop of Salisbury, to whom he had, for some time, been examining chaplain, conferred on him the mastership of St. Nicholas's hospital, and collated him to the prebend of South Grantham. Shortly afterwards, he published a letter to Henry Brougham, Esq. upon a speech delivered by him at Durham, and upon three of his articles relative to the clergy, in the Edinburgh Review. His last literary work was an edition, with a preface and notes, of Munter's Narrative of the Conversion of Count Struensee: soon after the completion of which he became alarmingly ill, and died of a decline, on the 30th of June, 1824, leaving a widow, the daughter of John Delafield, Esq., of Kensington, whom he had married in the autumn of the

preceding year. He was a zealous, yet calm and rational supporter of Christianity; an eloquent and persuasive preacher; an affectionate relative, and a most sincere friend. He delivered the Warburtonian lectures, at Lincoln'sinn; and, on several occasions, officiated at the university church of St. Mary's. Some time before his death he had proceeded to the degrees of M. A. and B. D.; and, in addition to the works already mentioned, he published two sermons,-one, On the Value of Human Life under the Gospel, and the other, On the Unambitious Views of the Church of Christ.

was

BENSON, (CHRistopher,) born about the year 1788, and completed his education at Trinity college, Cambridge, where he took his degrees of B. A. and M. A. without much distinction, either as a mathematician or a classic; but after having, for some time, officiated as a curate, in his native county, Cumberland, on preaching, in his turn, at the university church, he displayed such extraordinary powers as a pulpit orator, that he was immediately appointed to the Hulsean professorship. Some time afterwards, he became a fellow of his college, and obtained a small living in the neighbourhood of Cambridge, from which he was removed, by Lord Eldon, on the recommendation of Dr. Howley, then bishop of London, as a divine eminently qualified for the station, to the valuable and important living of St. Giles's-in-the-fields. A few years afterwards, he became master of the Temple, and a prebendary of Worcester. As a preacher, he enjoys considerable popularity his voice is full, solemn, and manly; and his manner earnest, impressive, and somewhat severe; but his action is neither energetic nor graceful.

He has published A Theological Inquiry into the Sacrament of Baptism; The Chronology of our Saviour's Life, or An Inquiry into the true Time of the Birth, Baptism, and Crucifixion of Jesus Christ; two separate volumes of discourses, delivered before the university of Cambridge, as Hulsean lecturer; and a few single sermons. He married, soon after his appointment to the mastership of the Temple, a relative of Mitford, the historian of Greece.