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court to be served on the defendant not less than twenty days before the day fixed for the meeting of the court.

$120. Service, how made. The service must be upon the defendant personally, or if he cannot, upon diligent inquiry, be found in the state, the court upon proof of that fact, may order publication to be made in such manner as it deems proper, of a notice requiring him to appear at a specified time and place, and answer the articles of impeachment.

$121. Proceedings, if defendant do not appear. If the defendant do not appear, the court, upon proof of service or publication as provided in the last two sections, may of its own motion, or for cause shown, assign another day or place for hearing the impeachment; or may then, or at any other time which it may appoint, proceed in the absence of the defendant, to trial and judgment.

§ 122. Defendant may object to sufficiency of, or deny impeachment. When the defendant appears, he must answer the articles of impeachment; which he may do, either by objecting to their sufficiency, or that of any article therein, or by denying the truth of the same.

$123. Form of objection or denial. If the defendant object to the sufficiency of the impeachment, the objection must be in writing, but need not be in any specific form; it being sufficient, if it present intelligibly the grounds of the objection. If he deny the truth of the impeachment, the denial may be oral, and without oath, and must be entered upon the minutes.

$124. Proceedings thereon. —If an objection to the suffi ciency of the impeachment be not sustained by a majority of the members of the court who heard the argument, the defendant must forthwith answer the articles of impeachment. If he plead guilty, or refuse to plead, the court must render judgment of conviction against him. If he deny the matters charged the court must, at such time as it may appoint, proceed to try the impeachment, and may adjourn the trial from time to time until concluded. He may appear by counsel, as in civil actions. N. Y. Const., art. I, § 6; 3 R. § 183, § 12. See, also, Rathbun v. Sawyer, 15 Wend. 451, and Garling v. Van Allen, 55 N. Y. 31.

§ 125. Two-thirds necessary to conviction. - The defendant cannot be convicted on an impeachment, without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present during the trial; and if such two-thirds do not concur in a conviction, the defendant must be declared acquitted.

State Const., art. VI, § 1.

§ 126. Judgment on conviction, how pronounced.-After conviction the court must immediately, or at such other time as it may appoint, pronounce judgment, in the form of a resolution, entered upon the minutes of the court. The vote The vote upon the pas sage thereof must be taken by yeas and nays, and must also be entered upon the minutes.

§ 127. Adoption of resolution. - On the adoption of the resolution by a majority of the members present, who voted on the question of acquittal or conviction, it becomes the judgment of the court.

§ 128. Nature of the judgment. Upon conviction, the judgment must be either:

1. That the defendant be removed from office; or

2. That he be removed from office and disqualified to hold and enjoy a particular office or class of offices, or any office of profit, trust or honor whatever under this state.

State Const., art. VI, § 1.

The law of 1816, providing that any person convicted of dueling, etc., may be adjudged disqualified from holding any office of trust or emolument, civil or military, is constitutional, and a conviction under it is valid. Barker v. People, 20 Johns. 457; 3 Cow. 686; 2 Wheel. C. C. 19.

§ 129. Officer, when impeached, disqualified to act until acquitted. No officer shall exercise his office, after articles of impeachment against him shall have been delivered to the senate, until he is acquitted.

State Const., art. VI, § 1; 3 R. S. 184, § 19.

§ 130. Presiding officer, when president of the senate is impeached. If the president of the senate be impeached, notice of the impeachment must be immediately given to the senate by the assembly, that another president may be chosen.

§ 131. Impeachment not a bar to indictment. — If the offense for which the defendant is impeached be a crime, the prosecution thereof is not barred by the impeachment. State Const,, art. VI, § 1,

TITLE II.

OF THE REMOVAL OF JUSTICES OF THE PEACE, POLICE JUSTICES, AND JUSTICES OF JUSTICES' COURTS, AND THEIR CLERKS.

§ 132. Justices of the peace, police justices, justices of justices' courts, and their clerks, are removable by the supreme court at a general term.

State Const., art. VI, § 18.

The legislature may abolish or abridge the term of the office of police justice. Coulter v. Murray, 15 Abb. Pr. (N. S.) 129; Wenzler v. People, 58 N. Y. 516. See, also, People v. Keeler, 17 N. Y. 320; People v. Shea, 7 Hun, 309.

The power of removal of a police justice for misconduct, given to a mayor of a city by its charter, does not oust the supreme court of the jurisdiction conferred by this section. Matter of King, 25 State Rep. 792; 6 N. Y. Supp. 421.

PART IV.

OF THE PROCEEDINGS IN CRIMINAL ACTIONS PROSECUTED BY INDICTMENT.

TITLE I. OF THE LOCAL JURISDICTION OF PUBLIC OFFENSES.
II. OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CRIMINAL ACTIONS.

III. OF THE INFORMATION, AND PROCEEDINGS THEREON TO THE

COMMITMENT INCLUSIVE.

IV. OF THE PROCEEDINGS AFTER COMMITMENT, AND BEFORE

INDICTMENT,

V. OF THE INDICTMENT.

VI. OF THE PROCEEDINGS ON THE INDICTMENT BEFORE TRIAL. VII. OF THE TRIAL.

VIII. OF THE PROCEEDINGS AFTER TRIAL, AND BEFORE JUDGMENT. IX. OF THE JUDGMENT AND EXECUTION.

X. GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO PUNISHMENT OF CRIME. XI. OF APPEALS.

XII. OF MISCELLANEOUS PROCEEDINGS.

TITLE I.

OF THE LOCAL JURISDICTION OF PUBLIC OFFENSES.

SECTION 133. When a person leaves this state to elude its laws.

134. When a crime is committed partly in one county and partly in another.

135. When a crime is committed on the boundary of two or more counties, or within five hundred yards thereof.

136. Jurisdiction of crime on board of vessel.

137. Of crime committed in the state on board of any railway train, etc.

138. Indictment for libel.

139. Conviction or acquittal in another state, a bar, where the juris

diction is concurrent.

140. Conviction or acquittal in another county, a bar, where the jurisdiction is concurrent.

§ 133. When a person leaves this state to elude its laws. A person who leaves this state, with intent to elude any law thereof against duelling or prize-fighting, or challenges thereto,

or to do any act forbidden by such a law, or, who being a resident of this state, does an act out of it, which would be punishable as a violation of such a law, may be indicted and tried in any county of this state.

See 28 Am. Law Reg. (N. S.) 22; 6 Crim. Law Mag. 155; 12 id. 498.

An indictment for abortion, which charged defendant with doing the act constituting the crime, is sufficient although the proof shows that defendant was absent at the time the crime was committed, but that he counseled, induced and procured its commission. People v. Bliven, 112 N. Y. 79.

A citizen of this state, who has entered into a conspiracy to violate its laws, cannot escape punishment because the act he planned was accomplished during his absence from the state. People v. Lyon, 1 N. Y. Cr. Rep. 400; 99 N. Y. 219.

Where an offense, is committed within this state by means of an innocent agent, the employer is guilty as a principal, and if found within this state may be tried therein, though he did no act in this state and was at the time the offense was committed in another state. Adams v. People, 1 N. Y. 173.

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And it is no answer to an indictment, that the defendant owes allegiance to another state or sovereignty. Adams v. People, 1 N. Y. 173.

§ 134. When a crime is committed partly in one county and partly in another. When a crime is committed, partly in one county and partly in another, or the acts or effects thereof, constituting or requisite to the consummation of the offense, occur in two or more counties, the jurisdiction is in either county. See People v. Dimick, 107 N. Y. 33; 5 N. Y. Cr. Rep. 201; People v. Crotty, 30 State Rep. 45. 9 N. Y. Supp. 937.

$135. When a crime is committed on the boundary of two or more counties, or within five hundred yards thereof. - When a crime is committed on the boundary of two or more counties, or within five hundred yards thereof, the jurisdiction is in either county.

See People v. Davis, 56 N. Y. 95; 36 id. 77; Archer v. State (Ind.), 34 Alb. L. J. 50.

This section is limited to courts proceeding by indictment and confers no jurisdiction on courts of special sessions or magistrates holding such courts. People v. Bates, 38 Hun, 181; 4 N. Y. Cr. Rep. 216.

Where the constitution provides that crimes shall be tried in the counties where committed, the legislature may not make an exception in case of crimes committed within one hundred yards of the county boundary. State v. Lowe, 21 W. Va. 783; 45 Am. Rep. 570.

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