(b) For censuses taken in the Virgin Islands, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any possession or area not specifically designated in subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary may use census information collected by the Governor or highest ranking Federal official, if such information was obtained in accordance with plans prescribed or approved by the Secretary.

(e) If. pursuant to a determination by the Secretary under subsection (a) of this section, any census is not taken in a possession or area over which the United States exercises jurisdiction, control, or Sovereignty, the Secretary may include data obtained from other Federal agencies or government sources in the census report. Any data obtained from foreign governments shall be obtained through the Secretary of State. (Added Pub. L. 85-207, § 14. Aug. 28, 1937, 71 Stat. 483, amended Oct. 17, 1976, Pub. L. 94-521, § 9, 90 Stat. 2463-64.)

§ 193. Preliminary and supplemental statistics

In advance of, in conjunction with, or after the taking of each census provided for by this chapter, the Secretary may make surveys and collect such preliminary and supplementary statistics related to the main topic of the census as are necessary to the initiation. taking. or completion thereof. (Added Pub. L. 85-207, § 14, Aug. 28, 1957, 71 Stat. 484.)

§195. Use of sampling

Except for the determination of population for purposes of apportionment of Representatives in Congress among the several States, the Secretary shall, if he considers it feasible, authorize the use of the statistical method known as "sampling" in carrying out the provisions of this title. (Added Pub. L. 85-207. $ 14. Aug. 28, 1957, 71 Stat. 184, amended Oct. 17, 1976, Pub. L. 94-521, § 10, 90 Stat. 2464.)

§ 196. Special censuses

The Secretary may conduct special censuses for the government of any State, or of any county, city, or other political subdivision within a State. for the government of the District of Columbia. and for the government of any possession or area (including political subdivisions thereof) referred to in section 191 (a) of this title, on subjects covered by the censuses provided for in this title. upon parment to the Secretary of the actual or estimated cost of each such special census. The results of each such special census shall be designated "Official Census Statistics". These statistics may be used in the manner provided by applicable law. (Added Pub. L. 94-321, § 11, Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2464.)

Sec.

Chapter 7.-OFFENSES AND PENALTIES

SUBCHAPTER I-OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES

211. Receiving or securing compensation for appointment of employees. 212. Refusal or neglect of employees to perform duties.

213. False statements, certificates, and information.

214. Wrongful disclosure of information.

SUBCHAPTER II-OTHER PERSONS

221. Refusal or neglect to answer questions: false answers.

222. Giving suggestions or information with intent to cause inaccurate enumeration of population.

223. Refusal. by owners, proprietors, etc., to assist census employees.

224. Failure to answer questions affecting companies, businesses, religious bodies, and other organizations; false answers.

225. Applicability of penal provisions in certain cases.

241. Evidence.

SUBCHAPTER III-PROCEDURE

SUBCHAPTER I-OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES

§ 211. Receiving or securing compensation for appointment of employees

Whoever

(1) receives or secures to himself any fee, reward, or compensation as a consideration for the appointment of any person as supervisor, enumerator, clerk, or other officer or employee of the Department of Commerce or bureau or agency thereof, referred to in subchapter II of chapter I of this title or

(2) in any way receives or secures to himself any part of the compensation paid to any person so appointed

shall be fined not more than $3,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1158, 68 Stat. 1022.)

§ 212. Refusal or neglect of employees to perform duties

Whoever. being an employee referred to in subchapter II of chapter I of this title. and having taken and subscribed the oath of office, neglects or refuses, without justifiable cause, to perform the duties enjoined on such employee by this title. shall be fined not more than $500. (Aug. 31. 1954, ch. 1158, 68 Stat. 1022.)

§ 213. False statements, certificates, and information

(a) Whoever, being an officer or employee referred to in subchapter II of chapter I of this title, willfully and knowingly swears or affirms falsely as to the truth of any statement required to be made or subscribed by him under oath by or under authority of this title, shall be guilty of perjury, and shall be fined not more than $2,000 or impris oned not more than five years, or both.

(b) Whoever, being an officer or employee referred to in subchapter II of chapter I of this title

(1) willfully and knowingly makes a false certificate or fictitious return; or

(2) knowingly or willfully furnishes or causes to be furnished, or, having been such an officer or employee, knowingly or willfully furnished or caused to be furnished, directly or indirectly, to the Secretary or to any other officer or employee of the Department of Commerce or bureau or agency thereof, any false statement or false information with reference to any inquiry for which he was authorized and required to collect information provided for in this title

shall be fined not more than $2,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1158, 68 Stat. 1022.)

§ 214. Wrongful disclosure of information

Whoever, being or having been an employee or staff member referred to in subchapter II of chapter I of this title, having taken and subscribed the oath of office, or having sworn to observe the limitations imposed by section 9 of this title, publishes or communicates any information, the disclosure of which is prohibited under the provisions of section 9 of this title. and which comes into his possession by reason of his being employed (or otherwise providing services) under the provisions of this title, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. (Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1158, 68 Stat. 1023, amended Oct. 17, 1976, Pub. L. 91–521, § 12 (a), 90 Stat. 2464.)

SUBCHAPTER II-OTHER PERSONS

§ 221. Refusal or neglect to answer questions; false answers (a) Whoever, being over eighteen years of age, refuses or willfully neglects, when requested by the Secretary, or by any other authorized officer or employee of the Department of Commerce or bureau or agency thereof acting under the instructions of the Secretary or authorized officer, to answer, to the best of his knowledge, any of the questions on any schedule submitted to him in connection with any census or survey provided for by subchapters I. II, IV. and V of chapter 5 of this title, applying to himself or to the family to which he belongs or is related, or to the farm or farms of which he or his family is the occupant, shall be fined not more than $100.

(b) Whoever, when answering questions described in subsection (a) of this section, and under the conditions or circumstances described in such subsection, willfully gives any answer that is false, shall be fined not more than $500.

(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, no person shall be compelled to disclose information relative to his religious beliefs or to membership in a religious body. (Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1158, 68 Stat. 1023, amended Aug. 28, 1957, Pub. L. 85-207, § 15, 71 Stat. 484; Oct. 17, 1976, Pub. L. 94-521, § 13, 90 Stat. 2465.)

$222. Giving suggestions or information with intent to cause inaccurate enumeration of population

Whoever, either directly or indirectly, offers or renders to any officer or employee of the Department of Commerce or bureau or agency thereof engaged in making an enumeration of population under subchapter II. IV. or V of chapter 5 of this title. any suggestion, advice. information or assistance of any kind. with the intent or purpose of causing an inaccurate enumeration of population to be made, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (Aug. 31. 1954, ch. 1158. 68 Stat. 1023, amended Aug. 28, 1957. Pub. L. $5-207, § 16, 71 Stat. 484.)

§ 223. Refusal, by owners, proprietors, etc., to assist census employees

Whoever, being the owner, proprietor, manager. superintendent, or agent of any hotel, apartment house, boarding or lodging house, tenement, or other building, refuses or willfully neglects, when requested by the Secretary or by any other officer or employee of the Department of Commerce or bureau or agency thereof, acting under the instructions of the Secretary, to furnish the names of the occupants of such premises, or to give free ingress thereto and egress therefrom to any duly accredited representative of such Department or bureau or agency thereof, so as to permit the collection of statistics with respect to any census provided for in subchapters I and II of chapter 5 of this title, or any survey authorized by subchapter IV or V of such chapter insofar as such survey relates to any of the subjects for which censuses are provided by such subchapters I and II, including, when relevant to the census or survey being taken or made, the proper and correct enumeration of all persons having their usual place of abode in such premises, shall be fined not more than $500. (Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1158, G8 Stat. 1023, amended Aug. 28, 1957, Pub. L. 85-207, § 17, 71 Stat. 484.)

§ 224. Failure to answer questions affecting companies, businesses, religious bodies, and other organizations; false answers Whoever, being the owner, official, agent, person in charge, or assistant to the person in charge, of any company, business, institution, establishment, religious body, or organization of any nature whatsoever, neglects or refuses, when requested by the Secretary or other authorized officer or employee of the Department of Commerce or bureau or agency thereof, to answer completely and correctly to the best of his knowledge all questions relating to his company, business, institution, establishment, religious body, or other organization, or to records or statistics in his official custody, contained on any census or other schedule or questionnaire prepared and submitted to him under the authority of this title, shall be fined not more than $500; and if he willfully gives a false answer to any such question, he shall be fined not more than $10,000. (Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1158. 68 Stat. 1024. amended Aug. 28. 1957, Pub. L. 85-207, § 18, 71 Stat. 484; Oct. 17, 1976, Pub. L. 94521, § 14, 90 Stat. 2465.)