lowing works have just appeared in Germany, the 10th volume of Neander's History of the Christian Church; the 3d volume of Henry's Life of John Calvin; the 3d volume of Ritter's History of Christian Philosophy, or the 7th of the entire work; the third enlarged edition of Tholuck's Exposition of the Sermon on the Mount; the first part of G. A. Meier's Historical Development of the Doctrine of the Trinity; the second volume of the "Symbolik" of all Christian churches, containing the Symbols of the Roman Catholic Church, by Prof. Edward Köllner of Göttingen; a Commentary on the Epistle of Paul to the Romans by Prof. Erasmus Nielsen of Copenhagen, translated from the Danish by A. Michelsen of Lubeck; "Of the Day of the Lord," with special reference to the treatise of Liebetrut, "Der Tag des Herrn u. seine Feier," by Prof. W. Rücker, etc.

Classical Literature. The 3d and 4th fasciculi of Vol. V. of the new Paris edition of Stephens's Thesaurus of the Greek language, C. B. Hase and G. and L. Dindorf, editors, have been published. They extend to the word Mugica. Passow's Lexicon, "newly edited and conformed to the present time," by Rost and Palm, is printed as far as "Egzoua. The 5th edition of the original work has lately been published. The cost in this country of Pape's Greek Lexicon, reviewed in the last No. of this Journal, is about six dollars. It is contained in two volumes of about 1350 pages each, with an additional volume of 424 pages, containing the proper names, with an outline of the mode of their formation.-H. L. Ahrens has published two volumes on the Dialects of the Greek Language. The last relates to the Doric dialect. A reviewer, Curtius of Dresden, in the "Zeitschrift für die Altherthumswissenschaft," for July, 1844, remarks, “Cautious, fundamental research characterizes the book throughout. In an exact use of the sources, Ahrens is a master. His work fully accomplishes his design, of giving us precise and accurate information respecting the Doric dialect." "We should name the work, historico-antiquarian; that of Giese (a posthumous work on the Aeolic Dialect) linguistic; the latter takes his departure from the Sanscrit; the former calls in its aid here and there; Giese's object is the knowledge of the Greek language; Ahren's (like a true disciple of Müller), is the relations of the different branches of the language."-Kiepert of Berlin, with the coöperation of Prof. Karl Ritter, has published a "Topographico-historical Atlas of Greece and of the Hellenic Colonies." Great advances have been made within a few years in the topographical knowledge of Greece and its islands, by means of the labors of the French engineers, the surveys of the coasts by the English marine, the thorough researches in archaeology, geography, philology and natural history, by fundamental special histories and monographies,

1845.]

English Publications-Crusius's Lexicon.

195

and by the reports of a great number of intelligent travellers. The results of these diversified studies are embraced in the Atlas of Mr. Kiepert. The historico-geographical materials are distributed into twenty-four charts or maps. They contain plans of Greece and its dependencies at various periods from B. C. 1000 to the time of the Roman conquest, views of the principal divisions, islands, cities, ruins, battles, etc. Ritter, whose testimony is of course decisive, speaks of the work in the highest terms.

Prof. Lobeck of Königsberg has lately published a work of nearly 600 pages, entitled, "Pathologiae Sermonis Graeci Prolegomena." He has also published small monograms on the following topics: On nouns of the first declension ending in as pure; Greek nouns whose characteristic is a labial; Greek nouns whose characteristic is a guttural, and De Verbis quintae declinationis. Of his edition of Phrynichus, published in 1820, it has been said, “that it is, perhaps, the most fundamental work which the philology of the 19th century has to show." Among his scholars are some of the most eminent classical teachers in Germany. Friedemann, Spohn and Spitzner were his pupils at Wittenberg. He has been at Königsberg since 1814, and is sixty three-years old.

From the English press have lately appeared, a "Lexicon to Eschylus," containing a Critical Explanation of the more difficult passages in the seven tragedies, by William Linwood, of Christ Church, Oxford; a translation by John Leitch, of K. O. Müller's Introduction to a scientific system of Mythology; Varronianus, a Critical and Historical Introduction to the philological study of the Latin Language, by J. W. Donaldson, head master of the royal school at Bury St. Edmunds; Vol. I. of Dr. William Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, assisted by about thirty scholars in Great Britain and Germany, to consist of three vols.; Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, in one octavo vol. of 1100 pages, illustrated by nearly 500 engravings on wood; Lectures on the History of Rome from the first Punic war to the Death of Constantine, by B. G. Niebuhr, translated by Leonard Schmitz in two vols. 8vo., with a portrait of Niebuhr; and a new English translation of the last edition of Zumpt's Latin Grammar, to come out under the auspices of the author.

We adverted, in the last No. of this Review, p. 800, to Prof. Smith's translation of Crusius's Homeric Lexicon. The title is as follows: "A Complete Greek and English Lexicon of the Poems of Homer and the Homeridae. From the German of G. Ch. Crusius, translated with corrections and additions, by Henry Smith, professor of languages in Marietta College." Hartford, Conn., H. Huntington, 1844, pp. 542. Crusius is

subrector of the Lyceum at Hanover, and is thus associated with Grotefend, Kühner and other eminent classical scholars. Previously to the publication of this volume, he had been known as the editor of a valuable edition of the Odyssey. A second edition of the Homeric Lexicon, published in 1841, gave him the opportunity to revise it thoroughly and make important improvements. Special attention has been paid to the explanation of the difficult passages. Copious references are made to the grammars of Rost, Thiersch, Kühner and Buttmann. The translator has incorporated some important additions, partly furnished by an extended review of the second edition of the original, in Jahn's Jahrbücher, for March, 1843. We have examined a number of the principal articles with much satisfaction. The translator has performed his task with skill and judgment, the sense of the German being given in good idiomatic English. If the student does not find that fulness of antiquarian and other information in regard to some words which he might expect in a special lexicon, he must recollect that much increase of the size of the volume would place it beyond the reach of many who need it. The work is an invaluable addition to our means for understanding the great poet. We may add that Crusius has published Special Lexicons of Xenophon's Cyropaedia, Caesar, Curtius, Sallust, Xenophon's Memorabilia, and of Greek Proper Names.

The publication of this Lexicon is of the more value, as there is a reviving interest in this country in the study of Homer. Mr. Owen's edition of the Odyssey has just appeared in a handsome form, and will, doubtless, awaken fresh attention to that delightful poem. It has been hitherto but little studied in our schools, partly from the want of a convenient edition, as well as of a good lexicon. Prof. Felton is also preparing a new edition of the Iliad, the notes to be much enlarged.

We are informed, that the lamented Dr. Grant, who died in Mosul in April, 1844, left a work partially prepared for publication, consisting of Graphic Sketches of his Journeys in the Koordish Mountains," subsequent to his visit to the United States. Even general information in respect to a region so interesting and so little known, must be valuable. E.

CORRESPONDENCE.

A friend in Germany, under date of Sept. 4, 1844, communicates the following information, which will be read with interest.—EDS.

"In the department of lower criticism may be mentioned: Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus, sive Fragmenta Novi Testamenti e codice

1845.] New Works of Guerike and Baumgarten-Crusius. 197 Graeco Parisiensi celeberrimo quinti ut videtur post Chr. seculi eruit atque edidit Constantin. Tischendorf. Leipsic 1843. 4to. pp. 385. (18 Thlr.), which the Halle Literatur Zeitung characterizes as a monument of German diligence, perseverance and capacity." On the disputed letters in 1 Tim. 3: 16, he comes to the same conclusion with Wetstein and Griesbach, in opposition to Woide, Weber and Patriccius.

66

"In the department of introduction, Guerike's new work entitled: Historische Kritische Einleitung ins Neue Testament (Leipsic 1843. pp. 564, Pr. 2 Thlr. 7 Sgr.), is attracting some attention. Since the recent attacks of Strauss and his followers upon the historical credibility of the Gospels, the genuineness of many of the New Testament epistles and even of the patristic writings on which they are defended, this branch of theological science has assumed a new degree of importance. De Wette's Introduction, although it has lately reached its fourth edition and enjoys the widest circulation of any, in addition to its errors in doctrine, is defective in historical accuracy. A work combining profound criticism with evangelical views is a great desideratum. Guerike is orthodox in sentiment, but his Symbolik and church history are written in a dull, heavy style. In the present work there is some improvement in this respect, without, it is to be feared, the acuteness and vigor so much demanded in the desperate struggle now going on in Germany The journals are not exactly agreed upon its merits. The Berlin Literarischen Zeitung pronounces it profoundly critical and a vigorous attack upon the recent hypercriticism. A review in Tholuck's journal, however, thinks that he errs in attaching too little importance to the objections of opponents, and intimates that the great work is yet to be done. Still he admits that it displays erudition, diligence and seriousness, and will be of use to young theologians."

"Exegesis has received some contributions in the publication of the lectures and exegetical writings of Baumgarten-Crusius, lately deceased. They are entitled: 1. Theologische Auslegung der Johanneischen Schriften. Das Evangelium. Erste Abtheilung (Jena, 1843. Pr. 2 Thlr. 15 Sgr.). 2. Commentar über das Evangelium der Matthäus. (1844. Pr. 1 Thlr. 8 Sgr.). 3. Comm. über den Brief Pauli an die Römer. (The 2d part of the Comm. on Matth. and also the Comm. upon Mark, Luke and Galatians are in the press). The author is regarded as a less finished, consecutive and orthodox commentator, especially in respect to miracles, than Lücke, but full of spirit, wholly given to his subject and sometimes carried away with it. Although fond of speculation and leaning rather to the figurative than literal mode of interpretation, he firmly held to the historical credibility of the evangelists. In his opinion and reasoning upon this point, no small part of the value of this fragment upon John, which there

is little reason to hope will ever be continued, consists. Strauss admits that if the Gospel of John can be proved to be genuine, the whole of his "Life of Jesus" will have been written in vain. In the present Introduction there are three chapters. I. On the authenticity of the book of John. II. The plan and aim of the Evangelist. III. The doctrine of the Logos. In the first chapter, the author arrives at the following conclusions: (1) From the middle of the second century, a doctrine and history of Christ was in existence, the same with that in the four Gospels. (2) The author was certainly an apostle. (3) The supposition that this author was John has the probability most in its favor. (4)It is impossible to suppose that the fourth Gospel is a deliberate falsification; it evidently has an authentic foundation of doctrine and history. (5) If we distinguish between this foundation and the work itself, it must at least be confessed that they perfectly agree. (6) Such a distinction is neither necessary nor justifiable.

"In philosophy the most important work, which has recently appeared, is Rosenkranz's long expected life of Hegel (Pr. 3 Thlr). Schleiermacher's life has not yet appeared. Perhaps in this connection I ought to mention Gabler's defence of the Hegelian philosophy, one part of which has been out several months. Hegelism is now attacked on all sides. Its defenders must fight pro aris et focis. The author of the present work, which can only be recommended to those who would gain a more particular acquaintance with the Hegelian philosophy than most will find profitable, is, as he himself says, the oldest of Hegel's scholars and may be regarded as a kind of successor. The work is entitled: Die Hegelische Philosophie. Beiträge zu ihrer richtigeren Beurtheilung. Das absolute und die Grundfrage aller Philosophie bei Hegel in Unterscheide von der Fassung Anderer Philosophen. Berlin 1843. 8vo. pp. 227. (1 Rthl. 71⁄2 Sgr.).

"In practical theology, by far the most important work is a little volume by the orthodox Dr. Strauss of Berlin, on justification by faith-rich in thought and nervous, concise and idiomatic in expression. It is entitled: Sola. Predigten ueber die Rechtfertigung durch den Glauben. (Berlin 1844. 12mo. pp. 306. Pr. 1 Rthl. 7 Sgr.). In order to make prominent the thought that justification by faith is the only way of salvation, he has prefixed this rather singular title with the following explanation in his dedication to the king: "The ancestor of your majesty, Joachim II, commanded the ambassadors he sent to the religious conference in Worms in 1540, either to bring back with them the little word Sola or else never to return themselves."